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1,355 results for “manipulation”
Autumnal Litter Input in DIRT Litter Manipulation Experiment at Harvard Forest 2008
Climate change will alter forest ecosystem productivity, changing the quantity and quality of detrital inputs to soil and altering rates of soil organic matter (SOM) accumulation and stabilization. To examine changes in forest soil SOM pools, we have used the Detritus Input and Removal Treatments (DIRT) Project to alter organic matter input rates and sources (roots, leaves) to soils, allowing us to measure contributions of organic matter sources to long-term SOM storage at five temperate forests (Harvard Forest, HJ Andrews, Bousson (PA) Experimental Forest (BEF), U. Michigan Biological Station (UMBS), Síkfokut ILTER, Hungary). Organic matter inputs are altered by excluding or adding leaf inputs, or by excluding roots from forested plots. Soil respiration partitioning at HF, BEF, and UMBS shows that soil fertility controls the allocation of C to above- and belowground tissue. At UMBS, glacial outwash sandy soils are extremely low in N, and C released from root respiration plus root litter decomposition is 87% of total soil respiration. Conversely, at the N-rich BEF site, total belowground sources of CO2 are only 61% of soil respiration, with 47% attributed to root litter. These data suggest that at BEF, leaf litter, comprising only 39% of soil respiration, would be a more important source of long-term SOM than root litter. However, soil chemistry and radiocarbon data have shown us that long-term soil C storage is complex. The year 2010 represents the 20-year anniversary of the initiation of DIRT treatments at the Harvard Forest (2010), and we are therefore planning to conduct systematic sampling campaigns for a comprehensive study of changes in SOM quality after long-term manipulation of inputs. One objective is to quantify how 20 years of litter input alterations have affected SOM quantity and quality at the surface (0-20 cm) and deeper in the soil profile (20-100 cm). To uderstand these changes, we need to quantify the quantity and quality of aboveground litter inp
DIRT Litter Manipulation Experiment at Harvard Forest since 1990
The DIRT Experiment (Detritus Input and Removal Treatments) is a long-term study of controls on soil organic matter formation. Our goal is to assess how rates and sources of plant litter inputs control the accumulation and dynamics of organic matter and nutrients in forest soils over decadal time scales. Results from 11 years of field and laboratory studies demonstrate the relative importance of above- and belowground sources on soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics and show emerging long-term non-linear changes in soil carbon release and storage. Treatments established in a mixed hardwood stand in 1990 are: doubling annual aboveground litter (DL), exclusion of aboveground litter (NL), exclusion of root inputs by trenching (NR), and exclusion of aboveground litter and root inputs (NI), on replicated 3m x 3m plots (n=3 for treatments, 6 for controls). The O/A-less treatment, implemented in 1991, tracks the recovery of impoverished soil by replacing O and A horizon soil with B horizon material and allowing normal litter inputs thereafter. Comparison of data among treatments (soil respiration, soil solution chemistry, soil physical and chemical properties, and microfaunal and microbial community structure) allows us to determine the contributions of live roots, above-ground litter, and belowground detritus to SOM and nutrient dynamics in this forest soil. Similar experiments in Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Oregon, and Hungarian forests provide information on these processes across climate and soil texture gradients. First-year soil respiration results from the Harvard Forest DIRT plots showed that live root respiration, production of aboveground litter (leaf, twig, other fine litter) and fine root detritus each constitute about one-third of C inputs to soil. Soil respiration is influenced more by root inputs than aboveground litter in this forest. CO2 efflux from root-excluded soils (NR, NI) declined to 32% of controls over the first 11 years of treatments as soil C became mo
Soil and foliar carbon and nitrogen content and stable isotope ratios from rainfall manipulation experiments at the Jornada Basin LTER, 2011-2020
As rainfall extremes are expected to increase in novel magnitude and frequency, especially in dryland regions, we asked how prolonged and directional shifts to water availability may affect ecosystem carbon and nitrogen dynamics. This data set includes foliar and soil carbon and nitrogen stable isotope and concentration data collected from multiple long-term rainfall manipulation experiments at the Jornada Basin LTER. Datasets also include rainfall data adjusted to rainfall manipulation intensities. Collection dates range from 5 to 14 years since the onset of experimental treatments. The primary plant species targeted for this study were the dominant grass, Bouteloua eriopoda, and the dominant shrub, Prosopis glandulosa.
Biocomplexity at North Temperate Lakes LTER; Whole Lake Manipulations: Aquatic Macrophytes 2001 - 2010
Macrophyte surveys were conducted on Sparkling Lake, Vilas County, Wisconsin in mid-July of the years 2001 to 2004 and 2007 to 2009. Eight sites were chosen that corresponded to trap survey sites for rusty crayfish and represented the range of macrophyte communities in the lake. At each site, we swam a transect perpendicular to shore from 0 to 4 m depths. A tape measure extended from shore to the 4 m depth contour, and buoys were placed at the 1, 2, 3, and 4 m depth contours. Quadrats were placed along each transect at 1 m intervals.We visually estimated the percent cover of each macrophyte species within a 1 meter-squared quadrat. Transect: corresponds to trap survey site number. Quadrat: occur at 1 m intervals starting from shore (0) and going until you reach the 4 m depth contour (highest number). Substrate: substrate within the quadrat categorized as muck, sand, gravel, cobble, logs, leaves, or any combination of these. Abundance: percent cover of each species within the quadrat determined by visual estimation. The percent covers of all species within a quadrat do NOT necessarily add to 100. Depth Interval: depth interval that each quadrat was in. Quadrats between 0 and 1 m deep are in depth interval 1, those between 1 and 2 m deep are in depth interval 2, etc. Number of sites: 8 Sampling Frequency: annually during summer
Biocomplexity at North Temperate Lakes LTER; Whole Lake Manipulations: Exotic Crayfish Removal 2001 - 2010
As part of a whole-lake experiment to overexploit a rusty crayfish (O. rusticus) population in Sparkling Lake, Vilas County, Wisconsin, crayfish were intensively trapped and removed from the lake from early to mid June through late August starting from 2001through 2008. From 2001 to 2004, removal traps were concentrated on the southern and western shorelines of the lake, where cobble is prevalent and catch rates were highest. Starting in 2005, additional traps were used and trapping effort was spread around the entire perimeter of the lake. Additional traps (perimeter) were set on standard arrays at 43 sites around the lake at 1 m deep from 2001 through 2006. In 2001 and 2003, traps (depth transect) were also set on standard arrays that ranged from 0.5 to 12 m deep. From 2001-2004, trap_site corresponds to one of the 43 standard sites where the trap was set. For perimeter and depth transect trapping, one trap is set at a trap site. During the removal trapping, 10 traps are set at each of the standard trapping sites. The trap_id identifier contains more information about the spatial location of a removal trap. From 2005-2008, traps were numbered sequentially moving clockwise around the lake starting at site 1, with no reference to standard trapping sites from previous years. In 2009, traps were set at the 43 standard sites. Capture data were recorded in 2009 but crayfish were not removed. Daily catch statistics: The data table Crayfish Daily Capture Summary provides the number of each species captured each day in the perimeter and removal traps. Also included are data on the number of traps pulled on that day and the number of trap_days these traps represent. These data can be used to calculate capture rates. The data table Crayfish Daily Capture by Station has daily catch statictics for 2009 at the capture site level. Crayfish length measurements: Prior to 2005, a crayfish that was measured could be associated with the specific trap in which it was captured. These l
Biocomplexity at North Temperate Lakes LTER; Whole Lake Manipulations: Rainbow Smelt Removal 2001 - 2009
Rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) are a harmful invasive species in lakes of northern Wisconsin. Smelt were first detected in Sparkling Lake, Vilas county, WI in 1980 and their population has since increased dramatically. We attempt to remove rainbow smelt from Sparkling Lake through a combined strategy of harvest and predation. If successful, such a strategy might be employed to restore other Wisconsin lakes invaded by smelt to a more natural species assemblage without resorting to piscicides. The data sets presented here report the harvest component of smelt removal. An assessment of the rainbow smelt population, supplementing annual LTER data, was performed during the late summer of 2001. The spring removal effort began in 2002 at ice out using multiple gear types. In 2002, the removal effort also continued from mid to late summer using horizontal gill nets. However, from 2003-2009 we took advantage of smelt spawning behavior and our efforts were condensed to a spring removal at ice-off and we utilized only fyke nets. The total weight of each catch was recorded and length-weights as well as sex ratios were documented for a subset of the catch from each removal event. The removal effort resulted in the removal of the majority of the adult population multiple times. However, smelt are a robust species and the population continuously rebounded from large removal years. As a result, catches have fluctuated from 16kg to nearly two tons. We have observed an overall reduction in fish size and an increase in the proportion of males to females. Sampling Frequency: annually
Snow Manipulation Greenhouse Gas Measurements at South Sparkling and Trout Bog 2020-2021
To investigate the effect of a winter with decreased snow cover on greenhouse gas emissions, we experimentally removed snowfall from a small dystrophic lake in northern Wisconsin. As a comparative study, we were able to explore the role of light in under-ice gas dynamics and spring emissions in dimictic lakes. This dataset contains greenhouse gas and temperature/dissolved oxygen profile data collected on South Sparkling and Trout Bog during the winter of 2020 through the winter of 2021. Data were collected between 09 January 2020 and 13 April 2021 in the deep hole of both bogs. Dissolved greenhouse gas concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane were measured using the headspace equilibrium method.
Leaf digestibility under rainfall manipulated treatments in the C3 and C4 plant communities (South Dakota, 2020-2022)
The leaf samples were collected from a randomized block two-factor split plot experiment with two precipitation-manipulation treatments (small size frequent events, and large size infrequent events, with constant total size) and two aboveground plant communities (C3 and C4 grasses) with five replications in western South Dakota, USA. The dominated C3 grass is western wheatgrass [Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) A. Love], and the dominated C4 grasses are buffalograss [Bouteoula dactyloides (Nutt.) J.T. Columbus] and blue gramma [Bouteoula gracilis (Willd. ex Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths]. The samples was collected within sampling quadrat by hand at the end of each month from May to September, 2020-2022, then dried immediately at 80˚C for 7 days. Dried samples were grinded into <1mm by bead beater. We used the sequential fiber analysis protocol (ANKOM Technology) and an ANKOM fiber analyzer to measure and calculate the neutral detergent fiber (NDF), the acid detergent fiber (ADF), and acid detergent lignin (ADL) of the grinded leaf samples. The final data contained both concentration and content of different fibers in the leaf samples.
Plant and carbon data, snowmelt manipulation experiment, Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory (RMBL), 2023
These data are from a 2023 snowmelt manipulation experiment in Vera Meadow at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory. We experimentally advanced the snowmelt date in a montane meadow by approximately 12 days using black shade cloths and assessed the effect on plant and carbon dynamics. We measured net ecosystem exchange, gross primary productivity, and soil respiration using a Li-COR 7500 five times biweekly from June to August, plant community composition using the pin-drop method five times biweekly from June to August, and root biomass nine times using bulk soil cores. Using drone imagery, we measured the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). This data package is completed.
Monsoon Rainfall Manipulation Experiment (MRME): Net Primary Production Quadrat Data at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico
The Monsoon Rainfall Manipulation Experiment (MRME) is to understand changes in ecosystem structure and function of a semiarid grassland caused by increased precipitation variability, which alters the pulses of soil moisture that drive primary productivity, community composition, and ecosystem functioning. The overarching hypothesis being tested is that changes in event size and variability will alter grassland productivity, ecosystem processes, and plant community dynamics. In particular, we predict that many small events will increase soil CO2 effluxes by stimulating microbial processes but not plant growth, whereas a small number of large events will increase aboveground net primary production (ANPP) and soil respiration by providing sufficient deep soil moisture to sustain plant growth for longer periods of time during the summer monsoon. To measure ANPP (i.e., the change in plant biomass, represented by stems, flowers, fruit and foliage, over time), the vegetation variables in this dataset, including species composition and the cover and height of individuals, are sampled twice yearly (spring and fall) at permanent 1m x 1m plots. The data from these plots is used to build regressions correlating biomass and volume via weights of select harvested species obtained in SEV157, "Net Primary Productivity (NPP) Weight Data." This biomass data is included in SEV206, "Seasonal Biomass and Seasonal and Annual NPP for the Monsoon (MRME) Study."
Monsoon Rainfall Manipulation Experiment (MRME): Seasonal Biomass and Seasonal and Annual NPP Data at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico
Begun in fall 2006, this long-term study at the Sevilleta LTER examines changes in net primary production (NPP) caused by increased precipitation variability within a semiarid grassland. Net primary production is a fundamental ecological variable that quantifies rates of carbon consumption and fixation. Estimates of NPP are important in understanding energy flow at a community level as well as spatial and temporal responses to a range of ecological processes. While measures of both below- and above-ground biomass are important in estimating total NPP, this study focuses on above-ground net primary production (ANPP). Above-ground net primary production is the change in plant biomass, including loss to death and decomposition, over a given period of time. Volumetric measurements are made using vegetation data from permanent plots (SEV188, "Monsoon Rainfall Manipulation Experiment (MRME): Net Primary Production Quadrat Data") and regressions correlating species biomass and volume constructed using seasonal harvest weights from SEV157, "Net Primary Productivity (NPP) Weight Data."
Thermally switchable, bifunctional, scalable, mid-infrared metasurfaces with VO2 grids capable of versatile polarization manipulation and asymmetric transmission
<p>The data generated by CST Studio Suite that are used to plot a part of the figures, and sample CST scripts. </p> <p>Research supported by Narodowe Centrum Nauki, project no UMO-2020/39/I/ST3/02413. </p>
Flow manipulation in a Hele-Shaw cell with an electrically-controlled viscous obstruction
<p>The dataset named “Dataset: Flow manipulation in a Hele-Shaw cell with an electrically-controlled viscous obstruction” consists of Raw time-averaged images, which are generated by sequence of 100 frames extracted from experimental videos captured at various voltages (5V, 10V, 15V, 20V, and 50V), and saved as .tif files. These images were analysed to produce the data used in figure 2 and 3 of the article. The dataset also includes two Excel files named as “Figure 2_Experimental data.xlsx” and “Figure 3_Experimental data.xlsx”. These excel files contain the data used to create the experimental plots shown in Figure 2C, and Figure 3 of the research article respectively.</p> <p>In the “Figure 2C_Experimental Data.xlsx” excel file, each sheet corresponds to a different voltage value shown in the figure, and contains three columns: A, B, and C. which represents the X-location, Y-location, and orientation angle (in degrees) of the experimental plot (red rods in the figure) respectively. This plot is overlaid on the model data (black rods in the figure) and displayed in Figure 2C given in the article.</p> <p><span>The “Figure 3_Experimental data.xlsx” file contains three sheets for each voltage (5V, 10V, 15V, 20V, and 50V) and each of these three sheets provide data at three different X-locations (X=579, X= 1079, and X= 1779) as a function of Y-location as shown in the Figure 3 of the article. Each sheet has five columns: A, B, C, D, and E. These columns represent the X-location, Y-location, Orientation angle (in degrees), Coherency, and Error in the orientation angle (in degrees), respectively. These data points are used to create the experimental scatter plot shown in Figure 3 of the article.</span></p>
Manipulating a host-native microbial strain compensates for low microbial diversity by increasing weight gain in a wild bird population
<h1>Manipulating a host-native microbial strain compensates for low microbial diversity by increasing weight gain in a wild bird population</h1> <h1> </h1> <p>These files contain data on bacteria present in the guts of wild great tit (Parus major) obtained from faecal samples and sequenced using Illumina MiSeq. These data resulted from an experiment which provided supplementary mealworms at the nest during the breeding season at number of woodland sites in Cork, Ireland. Approximately half of these nests were given mealworms covered in a freeze dried bacterial powder containing the bacteria Lactobacillus kimchicus, which had been isolated from great tit faeces from the previous season. This treatment aimed to disrupt the gut microbiota of the treatment birds in order to provide evidence for the gut microbiotas role in birds health and fitness. Included here are the 3 elements necessary to create a 'phyloseq object' containing the sample metadata, ASV (Amplicon Sequence Variant) count table and a taxonomy table. The metadata file includes the alpha diversity scores for each individual. The data include all negative control samples taken during sample collection and library preparation, which were removed before the main analyses. All analyses, except for the beta-diversity analyses, were conducted in R. All R code is available on GitHub (https://github.com/shan-e-s\). Raw Sequence data are available in the European Nucleotide Archive under access number PRJEB74941, and ERS18960426-ERS18960697.</p> <h2> </h2> <h2>## Description of the data and file structure </h2> <p>Taxonomy, ASV and metadata files required to create a phyloseq object in R. metadata.csv file contains data on individual birds (i.e. individual samples). The metadata includes descriptions of the bird itself and it's environment, namely:</p> <ul> <li>Rownames: unique sample ID for each sample, corresponds with asvTable.csv. </li> <li>Nest: unique identifier for the nest box associated with the bird being sampled. </li> <li>Sample.ID: unique identifier for the faecal sample or control sample.</li> <li>Bird.ID: Identity of the bird the sample came from, note some individuals sampled twice so some bird.ID's may reoccur in metadata with different Sample.ID.</li> <li>Date: Date the sample was taken dd/mm/yyyy.</li> <li>Day: Date the sample was taken, in days since 1st March.</li> <li>Ring.Mark: British Trust for Ornithology (BTO) metal ring ID where applicable. Birds only ringed at D15 so some young birds do not have IDRings.</li> <li>Site: ID of woodland site that bird was sampled at.</li> <li>Chick.LetterID: ID letter differentiates between different birds from the same nest. Either 'A'-'F' for nestlings, 'Fe' for females or 'M' for males.</li> <li>Age.code: BTO age code.</li> <li>Age.category: Age category that bird is in. D8 = 8 days post hatching, D15 = 15 days post hatching, adult = 1+ years post hatching.</li> <li>Sex: Bird's sex, only determined for adult birds. Fe = Female, M = Male.</li> <li>Wing_mm: Wing length in mm.</li> <li>Tarsus_mm: minimum tarsus length of bird in mm.</li> <li>Weight_g: bird's weight in grams.</li> <li>Faecal.Sample: bird's age at sampling.</li> <li>newRing: whether bird was fitted with a new BTO ring. Only relevant to adults.</li> <li>Treatment: the experimental treatment group that the bird was in. Either 'Treatment' when nest given L. kimchicus treated mealworms or 'Control' when nest given plain mealworms.</li> <li>Notes: field notes.</li> <li>Main.sample: indicates whether this sample was the main sample to be used for analysis, an alternative sample taken as a backup.</li> <li>Plate: the ID of the PCR plate which the sample was amplified on.</li> <li>Azenta_noPeriod: sample ID given to sequencing facility without special characters. Corresponds to fastq files and ASV table counts.</li> <li>Qubit_prePool: samples qubit score before pooling.</li> <li>Date_extracted: date the sample was extracted on dd/mm/yyyy.</li> <li>SampleType: whehther the sample was a 'main' sample intended for downstream analysis, a 'control' sample for detecting contamination during library preparation, a 'duplicate' for detecting PCR issues, a 'label_error' where sample was suspected of being mislabelled at some point, a 'repeat' sample intended to detect errors or issues, a 'contam' sample which was suspected of being contaminated, a 'common' sample used across different PCR plates to detect issues. Extraction_notes: notes regarding the DNA extraction of the sample. </li> <li>LibPrep_notes: notes regarding the library preparation of the sample.</li> <li>Ring.Mark.lab: the ring or sample ID written on the sample tube, recorded to help detect mislabelling.</li> <li>Post_lab_notes: notes regarding issues found post sequencing.</li> <li>NumberOfReads: number of sequence reads associated with the sample. </li> <li>DistanceToEdge: distance between nest and woodland edge in metres. </li> <li>BroodSize.D8: number of nestlings in the nest at day-8 post hatching. </li> <li>BroodSize.D15: number of nestlings in the nest at day-15 post hatching.</li> <li>firstEggLayDate: Date the first egg in the clutch was laid, in days since 1st March.</li> <li>lastEggLayDate: Date the last egg in the clutch was laid, in days since 1st March.</li> <li>Observed: number of unique ASV's (or taxa) detected in the sample.</li> <li>Chao1: Chao1 diversity of the sample.</li> <li>Shannon: Shannon diversity of the sample.</li> </ul> <p>The file 'taxonomy.csv' contains the taxonomic breakdown of each bacterial Amplicon Sequence Variant (ASV) found in the dataset from Phylum to Species. Obtained by using the Naive Bayes Classifier against the Silva (v138) taxonomic database.</p> <p>The file 'asvTable.csv' contains counts of each amplicon sequence variant's occurrence for each individual sample. Samples are rows and taxa are columns.</p> <p> </p> <h2>Sharing/Access information </h2> <p>All R code is available on GitHub (https://github.com/shan-e-s\). Raw Sequence data are available in the European Nucleotide Archive under access number PRJEB74941, and ERS18960426-ERS18960697.</p>
Catalyst Supraparticles: Tuning the Structure of Spray‐Dried Pt/SiO2 Supraparticles via Salt‐Based Colloidal Manipulation to Control their Catalytic Performance
<p>This data publication is based on the metadata and raw datasets underlying the manuscript: P. Groppe, J. Reichstein, S. Carl, C. Cuadrado Collados, B.-J. Niebuur, K. Zhang, B. Apeleo Zubiri, J. Libuda, T. Kraus, T. Retzer, M. Thommes, E. Spiecker, S. Wintzheimer, K. Mandel, Catalyst Supraparticles: Tuning the Structure of Spray-Dried Pt/SiO2 Supraparticles via Salt-Based Colloidal Manipulation to Control their Catalytic Performance. Small 2024, 2310813. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202310813</p> <p>A detailed description of the dataset is given in the attached "Raw data assignment.xlsx"</p>
The relevance of signal timing in human-robot collaborative manipulation
<p><em><strong>Dataset version 1.0.1. The data collected here are attached to the following journal article: F. Cini*, T. Banfi*, G. Ciuti, L. Craighero, M. Controzzi, The relevance of signal timing in human-robot collaborative manipulation. Science Robotics Vol. 6 Issue 58, 2021. DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.abg1308</strong></em></p> <p>To achieve a seamless human-robot collaboration, it is crucial that robots express their intentions without perturbating or interrupting the task that a human partner is performing at that moment. Although it has not received much attention so far, this issue is important when robots assist humans in physical and manipulation tasks. The main question addressed here is whether there is a more appropriate time to inform a human partner that a robot is requesting to pass them an object. This question is posed in a reference scenario where human individuals are involved in a continuous pick-and-place task that cannot be interrupted. Our findings showed that providing a cue at the beginning of a reach-to-grasp movement could severely interfere with the ongoing human action,<br> increasing the number of errors made by humans, slowing down and degrading the smoothness of their arm movement, and deflecting their gaze. These disruptive interferences strongly decreased, until they disappeared, when the robot provided the cue to the human partners shortly after the participants picked up an object, identifying this as the best signaling timing. The results of this work showed how the signaling timing may have a decisive influence on the performances of the human-robot teamwork and contribute to understating the mechanisms underpinning the phenomenon of cognitive-motor interference in humans.</p>
Data and code related to the paper: "Programmable Droplet Microfluidics Based on Machine Learning and Acoustic Manipulation"
<p>This archive contains the raw data and Matlab scripts to reproduce the plots and supplementary movies for the paper:</p> <p>Kyriacos Yiannacou, Vipul Sharma and Veikko Sariola, "Programmable Droplet Microfluidics Based on Machine Learning and Acoustic Manipulation", <em>Langmuir</em> 2022, 38, 38, 11557–11564.</p> <p><a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01061">Link to the paper</a>.</p> <p>The scripts were tested on Matlab R2021a on Windows.</p> <p>The acoustofluidic controller software is the same as in our previous paper and is archived <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4593021">here</a>.</p> <p>Generally speaking, there is a folder containing the plotting scripts for each figure(s) and/or movie(s). Within each folder, the raw data files are under the folder `data/`. Once ran, the scripts produce another folder called `output/`, to which they place the created plots and movies. Most folder contain a script name `plot_*.m` that makes the figure(s) and `video_*.m` that generates the video(s). You will need `ffmpeg` installed to convert the serial images into a video.<br> </p>
Long-term species-level measurements of fall season aboveground net primary production in the Monsoon Rainfall Manipulation Experiment (MRME), Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico, USA
Anticipated intensification of the North American Monsoon in the southwestern United States is predicted to shift growing season rainfall patterns, historically characterized by frequent small rain events, to a more extreme precipitation regime consisting of fewer, but larger rain events. Atmospheric nitrogen deposition is also increasing throughout this dryland region as a result of anthropogenic activities. Alterations in rainfall size and frequency, along with changes in nitrogen availability, are likely to have significant consequences for aboveground net primary production (ANPP) and plant community dynamics in drylands, where ecological processes are limited by water and nitrogen availability. This data package accompanies an associated manuscript in which we used fourteen years (2007-2020) of growing season ANPP measurements from the long-term Monsoon Rainfall Manipulation Experiment (MRME), located in the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, to investigate how changes in rainfall regimes, along with chronic nitrogen enrichment, impact ANPP in a northern Chihuahuan Desert grassland.
Experimental manipulation of predatory crab species identity (Panopeus obesus vs. Eurytium limosum) and size-structure and assessment of effects on invertebrate densities, sediment properties and plant biomass.
Predatory mud crabs (Panopeus obesus and Eurytium limosum) are two of the main resident infaunal predators in southeastern US salt marshes. Little is known, however, about their effects on important prey species, or their influences on sediment or plant properties. These influences are likely to be dependent on the identity of species and the size-stucture of the population. We therefore manipulated the species identity (Panopeus or Eurtium) and size-structure. The size-structure treatrment had four levels: small [9 individuals, each 18-22mm carapace diameter], medium [6 ind. 24 -28mm], large [3 ind. 32-36mm], mixed (3 small, 2 medium, 1 large, all within same cage). The numbers of crabs in each size-structure treatment were chosen to capture natural size-abundance relationships. The treatments were maintained in experimental cages (70 x 70 x 100 cm, length, width, height) in the mid-Spartina zone at Dean Creek, Sapelo Island, GA. We maintained the treatments over 4 months (July - October 2010), before assessing impacts on prey densitities (mud fiddler crabs, ribbed mussels and marsh periwinkles), and ecosystem properties (aboveground plant biomass, sediment redox potential, sediment water content).
Data and code from "No evidence of sex ratio manipulation by black-throated blue warblers in response to food availability" Kaiser et al. 2023 Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
This dataset is published in support of "No evidence of sex ratio manipulation by black-throated blue warblers in response to food availability" by Kaiser et al. 2023 in Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. Data and code to test the assumptions and key predictions of the Trivers-Willard hypothesis, which proposes that females produce more sons or daughters depending on food availability, in the black-throated blue warbler at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH, 2007-2012. Datasets support analyses of sex ratio bias at both the nest and nestling levels. Data tables support the comparison of the ratio of variances in the scaled pre-fledging mass of male and female nestlings using an F test and reproduction of Figures 2a and 2b. Figures are those used in the published manuscript. Code supports the calculation of offspring sex ratio bias at the population level, and considering separately both low- and high-quality habitats, using the Neuhäuser test, statistical models testing the assumptions of the Trivers-Willard hypothesis, effects of food availability and parental provisioning on offspring sex ratio, and effects of food availability on pre-fledging nestling mass of sons and daughters, and a power analysis to determine the power to detect an effect of food supplementation on sex ratio. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the US Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.