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12 results for “manta ray”
Data to support Whitney JL, Coleman RR, Deakos MH "Genomic evidence indicates small island-resident populations and sex-biased behaviors of Hawaiian Reef Manta Rays"
<p>Datasets supporting the manuscript: Whitney JL, Coleman RR, Deakos MH "Genomic evidence indicates small island-resident populations and sex-biased behaviors of Hawaiian Reef Manta Rays". <em>BMC Ecology and Evolution </em><strong>23</strong>, 31 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-023-02130-0</p> <p>Nuclear data:</p> <p>"Mobula-alfredi_nuclear_reference_RAD_contigs.fasta" is a fasta of 359,751 contigs that serve as the reference for nuclear alignment of genotypes to RAD loci. Contigs begin and end with GATC cut site.</p> <p>Mobula-alfredi_nuclear_all_2048snps_38genotypes.vcf is a VCF file with all 2048 nuclear SNPs in final filtered SNP dataset. 38 genotypes are included from Maui Nui and Hawaii Island. This 2048 SNPs includes both 2038 neutral and 10 outlier SNPs. </p> <p>Mobula-alfredi_nuclear_neutral_2038snps_38genotypes.vcf is a VCF file with 2038 neutral nuclear SNPs genotyped in 38 individuals from Maui Nui and Hawaii Island. </p> <p>Mobula-alfredi_nuclear_outliers_10snps_38genotypes.vcf is a VCF file with 10 outlier SNPs genotyped in 38 individuals from Maui Nui and Hawaii Island. </p> <p>Structure (.str) files are also provided in addition to VCFs. In all files Population prefixes M=Maui Nui and K=Hawaii Island. </p> <p>Mitochondrial data:</p> <p>Mobula-alfredi_mitogenome_34haplotypes_9sites_min4x.vcf is a VCF file with 9 variant sites across the mitogenome haplotyped in 34 individuals from Maui Nui and Hawaii Island. </p> <p>Mobula-alfredi_mitogenome_34haplotypes_allsites_min4x.fasta is a FASTA file with whole mitogenomes aligned to OP562409 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/OP562409]. Sites with less than 4x coverage were masked with Ns. </p> <p>Mobula-alfredi_mitogenome_reference_OP562409.fasta is a FASTA file containing the <em>Mobula alfredi</em> reference mitogenome OP562409 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/OP562409].</p> <p> </p>
Data for: Manta rays in the Maldives foraging either in groups or solo
<p>Flexibility in animal foraging strategies can increase overall feeding efficiency. For example, group foraging can increase the efficiency of resource exploitation; conversely, solo foraging can reduce intraspecific competition, particularly at low resource densities. The cost-benefit trade-off of such flexibility is likely to differ within and among individuals. Reef manta rays (<em>Mobula alfredi</em>) are large filter-feeding elasmobranchs that often aggregate to feed on ephemeral upwellings of zooplankton. Over three years in the Maldives, we free-dived to film 3106 foraging events involving 343 individually identifiable <em>M. alfredi</em>. Individuals fed either solo or in groups with a clear leader plus between one and eight followers. <em>M. alfredi</em> were significantly more likely to forage in groups than solo at high zooplankton levels, and at certain locations. Both biotic and abiotic factors contributed to variation in group foraging. Within aggregations, individuals foraged in larger groups when more food was available, and when the overall aggregation was relatively small suggesting that foraging in large groups was more beneficial when food was abundant, and/or the costs of intraspecific competition were outweighed by the efficiency resulting from group foraging strategies. Females, the larger sex, were more likely to lead foraging groups than males. The high within-individual variance (over 55%), suggested individuals were unpredictable across all foraging behaviours, thus individual <em>M. alfredi</em> cannot be classified into foraging types or specialists. Instead, each individual was capable of considerable behavioural flexibility, as predicted for a species reliant on spatially and temporally ephemeral resources.</p>
Data for: Manta rays in the Maldives foraging either in groups or solo
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Phylogenomics and species delimitation for effective conservation of manta and devil rays
<p>Practical biodiversity conservation relies on delineation of biologically meaningful units. Manta and devil rays (Mobulidae) are threatened worldwide, yet morphological similarities and a succession of recent taxonomic changes impede the development of an effective conservation strategy. Here, we generate genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from a geographically and taxonomically representative set of manta and devil ray samples to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships and evaluate species boundaries under the general lineage concept. We show that nominal species units supported by alternative data sources constitute independently evolving lineages, and find robust evidence for a putative new species of manta ray in the Gulf of Mexico. Additionally, we uncover substantial incomplete lineage sorting indicating that rapid speciation together with standing variation in ancestral populations has driven phylogenetic uncertainty within Mobulidae. Finally, we detect cryptic diversity in geographically distinct populations, demonstrating that management below the species level may be warranted in certain species. Overall, our study provides a framework for molecular genetic species delimitation that is relevant to wide-ranging taxa of conservation concern, and highlights the potential for genomic data to support effective management, conservation, and law enforcement strategies.</p>
Data from: It's not all black and white: investigating colour polymorphism in manta rays across Indo-Pacific populations
Intraspecific colour polymorphisms have been the focus of numerous studies, yet processes affecting melanism in the marine environment remain poorly understood. Arguably the most prominent example of melanism in marine species occurs in manta rays (Mobula birostris and M. alfredi). Here, we use photo identification catalogues to document the frequency variation of melanism across Indo-Pacific manta ray populations and test for evidence of selection by predation acting on colour morph variants. We use mark-recapture modeling to compare colour morph survivorship in three M. alfredi populations and assess the relationship between frequency variation and geographical distance. While large differences in melanism frequencies existed among populations of both species (0-40%), apparent survival estimates revealed no difference in survivorship between morphs. We found a significant association between phenotypic and geographical distance in M. birostris, but not in M. alfredi. Our results suggest melanism is not under selection by predation in the tested M. alfredi populations, and that frequency differences across populations of both species are a consequence of neutral genetic processes. As colour polymorphisms are often subjected to complex selection mechanisms, our findings only begin to elucidate the underlying evolutionary processes responsible for the maintenance and frequency variation of melanism in manta ray populations.
FIGURE 2 in Morphological measurements of manta rays (Manta birostris) with a description of a foetus from the east coast of Southern Africa
FIGURE 2. Juvenile female manta ray (Manta birostris) from Durban, South Africa: (a) anterior dorsal coloration; (b) ventral view showing natural markings; (c) lateral view of dorsal fin and base of tail.
FIGURE 1 in Morphological measurements of manta rays (Manta birostris) with a description of a foetus from the east coast of Southern Africa
FIGURE 1. Male manta ray (Manta birostris) foetus collected from Paindane Beach, Mozambique: (a) anterior view showing dorsally folded pectoral fins; (b) dorsal view showing pectoral fin measurements P1, P2 and P3; (c) ventral view showing natural markings; (d) open umbilical scar; (e) detail of teeth on lower jaw; (f) clasper.
Data from: It’s not all black and white: investigating colour polymorphism in manta rays across Indo-Pacific populations
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Phylogenomics and species delimitation for effective conservation of manta and devil rays
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Genome-wide SNPs detect no evidence of genetic population structure for reef manta rays (Mobula alfredi) in southern Mozambique
Little is known about the extent of genetic connectivity along continuous coastlines in manta rays or whether site visitation is influenced by relatedness. Such information is pertinent to defining population boundaries and understanding localised dispersal patterns and behaviour. Here, we use 3057 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to evaluate population genetic structure and assess levels of relatedness at aggregation sites of reef manta rays (Mobula alfredi) in southern Mozambique (n = 114). Contrary to indications of limited dispersal along the southern Mozambican coastline inferred from photo identification and telemetry studies, our results show no evidence of population structure (non-significant FST <0.001) for M. alfredi along this coast. We also found no evidence that individuals sampled at the same site were more related than expected by chance for males, females or across both sexes, suggesting kinship may not influence visitation pattern s at these sites. We estimated the effective population size (Ne) of this population to be 375 (95% CI = 369-380). Comparison to a distant eastern Indian Ocean site (Western Australia; n = 15) revealed strong genetic differentiation between Mozambique and Western Australia (FST = 0.377), identifying the Indian Ocean basin as a barrier to dispersal. Our findings show that genetic connectivity in M. alfredi extends for several hundred kilometres along continuous coastlines. We therefore recommend the population in Mozambique be considered a discrete management unit and future conservation plans should prioritize integrated strategies along the entire southern coastline.
Data from: Reverse diel vertical movements of oceanic manta rays off the northern coast of Peru and implications for conservation
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Genome-wide SNPs detect no evidence of genetic population structure for reef manta rays (Mobula alfredi) in southern Mozambique
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