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77 results for “manuring”
North Temperate Lakes LTER: Manure Managment in Urbanizing Settings 2003 - 2004
The management of manure in urbanizing settings is a critical issue in the Lake Mendota watershed. The primary focus of this project was to examine the difficulties faced by livestock operations when managing manure on field systems that are fragmented by development. A survey regarding manure management was sent to Dane County, WI farms within the Lake Mendota watershed. The survey was conducted in two phases; March to May 2003 and March to May 2004. This dataset and accompanying survey entitled "Manure Management on the Urban Fringe" is available for users wishing to ascertain animal feeding operation size and management patterns in the Lake Mendota watershed. The data also include the distance from animal feeding operations to nearest urban centers via Euclidean (crow flies) and Road Network distances. Results suggest that exurban developments exert a strong influence on manure management routines of livestock producers. This influence is very local. Farmers in an urbanizing setting were more likely to encounter problems during manure hauling when the fields they were accessing were in close proximity to urban developments, regardless of their proximity to the urban core. The distances and times required to haul manure between the farm and the most distant field increased in the last five years. Land rental rates steadily increased at the same time that lease lengths shortened. Cash grain land tends to be sparse as livestock producers compete with developers for tracts on which to distribute manure. Manure brokering is a possible strategy to monitor land availability and coordinate manure placement between farms Cabot, P. E., S. K. Bowen, and P. J. Nowak. 2004. Manure management in urbanizing settings. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 59:235-243. The survey "Manure Management on the Urban Fringe" was developed with assistance from Roger Schmidt and Charmaine Tryon-Petith with the Integrated Crop and Pest Management Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Optimization of Solid-State Anaerobic Digestion of Prairie Biomass and Beef Manure
This dataset supports the evaluation and optimization of solid-state anaerobic digestion (SSAD) using prairie biomass and beef manure mixtures under varying total solids (TS) contents, particle sizes, and percolation frequency. It includes raw and processed data on biogas and methane production, volatile solids composition, carbon-to-nitrogen ratios, theoretical biochemical methane potential (BMP), energy balances, and water activity.
The ALFAM2 dataset on ammonia loss from field-applied manure
<p>The ALFAM2 database has measurements of ammonia volatilization (emission) from field-applied liquid animal manure (slurry). The dataset consists of two files: one with plot- (<code>ALFAM2_plot.csv</code>) and one with measurement interval-level (<code>ALFAM2_interval.csv</code>) observations. For information on file headers (column names), see the <code>*-level_variables.csv</code> files. The two data files can be merged on two plot keys (identification codes): <code>pid</code> and <code>pmid</code>. See the <a href="https://github.com/sashahafner/ALFAM2-data/blob/master/README.md">README.md</a> file in the GitHub repository at <a href="https://github.com/sashahafner/ALFAM2-data">https://github.com/sashahafner/ALFAM2-data</a>, the web page <a href="https://projects.au.dk/alfam//">https://projects.au.dk/alfam/</a> (or <a href="http://alfam.dk">alfam.dk</a>), and the reference and related identifiers here on the Zenodo page for more details. The ALFAM2-data GitHub repository also has original submissions from data contributors along with scripts necessary for processing the data to create the dataset shown here. Each Zenodo version can be matched to the GitHub versions through the release tags (see the releases page for a list: https://github.com/sashahafner/ALFAM2-data/releases)</p>
Manure Cycling Interview Data
Exploring the potential for nutrient circularity in the beef production system requires an understanding of current practices. Manure nutrients produced in feedlots are an ample source of fertilizer for phosphorus deficient crop and hay lands. However, it is unclear how far manure nutrients are travelling from feedlots, what crops they’re being applied to, and whether those grains are in turn integrated into the feedlot operations. The purpose of these interviews was to ascertain the above information from feedlot managers. In addition, we sought contextual information (provenance of cattle, cattle weights/ages, manure treatment, regulations/guidelines, processing facility destination, barriers, suggestions for improvements). To answer our question about potential manure nutrient circularity, we focused and report here the elements pertaining to feed/grain provenance, crops manure was applied to, and export distance for manure.
Study of pig manure digestate pretreatment - Results and Figures
<p>This work evaluates the release of phosphorus contained in the digestate from the anaerobic digestion of pig manure, through an acidification process. The objective of this acidification is to increase the amount of phosphorus available in the digestate liquid fraction and, subsequently, recover this element by chemical precipitation in the form of struvite or calcium phosphate. Two digestate samples (one fresh and one old) were studied and treated by adding various amounts of sulphuric acid to the different digestate fractions (raw digestate, solid fraction and liquid fraction). For the raw digestate, phosphorus releases higher than 95% were obtained for pH 4.0. In the last part of the experiment, the influence of acid pre-treatment on the reaction yield of phosphorus precipitation, in the form of struvite or calcium phosphate, was determined. Improvements in reaction yield were obtained up to 15% for struvite and 80% for calcium phosphate, increasing also in 7.5 times the amount of phosphorus available in the digestate liquid fraction, for both cases.</p>
Prairie manure application impacts on floral abundance, plant growth, plant community structure, insect and spider community abundance and activity density in experimental plots in Ames, Iowa (2021-2022).
This dataset contains results from a two-year field experiment at Iowa State University’s Horticulture Research Station to evaluate the effects of dairy manure application on native prairie plant and insect communities. We established replicated 4 m² plots across two field types, an established tallgrass prairie and a tilled crop field, and applied four manure treatments (weekly, biweekly, once per season, and control) using liquid slurry from a local dairy farm. Plant responses were monitored through weekly measurements of mortality, ground cover, floral abundance, plant height, and visual obstruction. Insect communities were sampled biweekly using vacuum suction for foliage and flower visitors and pitfall traps for ground-dwelling arthropods. Collected insects were identified to order, with Hymenoptera and Carabidae further resolved to family or genus.
Figure 7 in Conditioning of desert sandy soil and investigation of the ameliorative effects of poultry manure and bentonite treatment rate on plant growth
Figure 7. Principal component analysis (PCA) showing loading of each studied attribute (arrow) and arrow lengths approximate their variance whereas the angles between them represent their correlation.The abbreviations are Poultry Manure (PM), Bentonite (B), Plant Height (PH), Number of Leaves (L), Root Length (RL), Dry Shoot Weight (DS), Dry Root Length (DR), Root to Shoot Ratio (RS), Number of Secondary Branches (SB), Max Branch Length (LPB), Chlorophyll contents (SPAD), Chlorophyll a* (CHL a), Chlorophyll b* (CHL b).
Figure 5 in Conditioning of desert sandy soil and investigation of the ameliorative effects of poultry manure and bentonite treatment rate on plant growth
Figure 5. Corrplot (Correlation plot) represents correlation matrix among different attributes of Bougainvillea followed by treatments as (1) L100 (2) L95A (3) L95B (4) L90A (5) L90B. L100 substrate contains 100% Lehbab Sandy Soil without any addition of Bentonite and Poultry Manure. L95A substrate contains 95% Lehbab Sandy Soil, 5% Bentonite, and 10% Poultry Manure.L95B substrate contains 95% Lehbab Sandy Soil, 5% Bentonite, and 15% Poultry Manure. L90A substrate contains 90% Lehbab Sandy Soil, 10% Bentonite, and 10% Poultry Manure. L90B substrate contains 90% Lehbab Sandy Soil, 10% Bentonite, and 15% Poultry Manure. The dark blue color shows a high positive correlation while light blue and sky blue represent less association among measured parameters. The color legend on the right-hand side of corrplot shows the correlation coefficient and corresponding colors. The abbreviations are Lehbab Sandy Soil (LS) Poultry Manure (PM), Bentonite (B), Plant Height (PH), Number of Leaves (L), Root Length (RL), Dry Shoot Weight (DS), Dry Root Length (DR), Root to Shoot Ratio (RS), Number of Secondary Branches (SB), Max Branch Length (LPB), Chlorophyll contents (SPAD), Chlorophyll a* (CHL a), Chlorophyll b* (CHL b).
Figure 3 in Conditioning of desert sandy soil and investigation of the ameliorative effects of poultry manure and bentonite treatment rate on plant growth
Figure 3. Comparison of Dry Shoot Weight, Dry Root Weight, and Root/Shoot ratio for Bougainvillea plants grown in different substrates (Treatment L100, L95A, L95B, L90A, and L90B. L100 substrate contains 100% Lehbab Sandy Soil without any addition of Bentonite and Poultry Manure. L95A substrate contains 95% Lehbab Sandy Soil, 5% Bentonite, and 10% Poultry Manure. L95B substrate contains 95% Lehbab Sandy Soil, 5% Bentonite, and 15% Poultry Manure. L90A substrate contains 90% Lehbab Sandy Soil, 10% Bentonite, and 10% Poultry Manure. L90B substrate contains 90% Lehbab Sandy Soil, 10% Bentonite, and 15% Poultry Manure. Statistical letters a, b, c, d, show significant difference between plants attributes grown on different substrates, while the ab, bc, cd etc. show there is no significant difference between plants attributes.
Figure 2 in Conditioning of desert sandy soil and investigation of the ameliorative effects of poultry manure and bentonite treatment rate on plant growth
Figure 2. Comparison of Number of Secondary Branches per Plant and Number of Leaves per Plant for Bougainvillea grown in different substrates (Treatment L100, L95A, L95B, L90A, and L90B. L100 substrate contains 100% Lehbab Sandy Soil without any addition of Bentonite and Poultry Manure. L95A substrate contains 95% Lehbab Sandy Soil, 5% Bentonite, and 10% Poultry Manure. L95B substrate contains 95% Lehbab Sandy Soil, 5% Bentonite, and 15% Poultry Manure. L90A substrate contains 90% Lehbab Sandy Soil, 10% Bentonite, and 10% Poultry Manure. L90B substrate contains 90% Lehbab Sandy Soil, 10% Bentonite, and 15% Poultry Manure. Statistical letters a, b, c, d, show significant difference between plants attributes grown on different substrates, while the ab, bc, cd etc. show there is no significant difference between plants attributes.
Figure 1 in Conditioning of desert sandy soil and investigation of the ameliorative effects of poultry manure and bentonite treatment rate on plant growth
Figure 1. Comparison of Plant Height, Root Length, and Maximum Branch Length for Bougainvillea grown in different substrates (Treatment L100, L95A, L95B, L90A, and L90B. L100 substrate contains 100% Lehbab Sandy Soil without any addition of Bentonite and Poultry Manure. L95A substrate contains 95% Lehbab Sandy Soil, 5% Bentonite, and 10% Poultry Manure.L95B substrate contains 95% Lehbab Sandy Soil, 5% Bentonite, and 15% Poultry Manure.L90A substrate contains 90% Lehbab Sandy Soil, 10% Bentonite, and 10% Poultry Manure. L90B substrate contains 90% Lehbab Sandy Soil, 10% Bentonite, and 15% Poultry Manure. Statistical letters a, b, c, d, show significant difference between plants attributes grown on different substrates, while the ab, bc, cd etc. show there is no significant difference between plants attributes.
N application rates from mineral fertiliser and manure
<p>Historical N application rates from mineral fertiliser and manure. Prepared for Gridded Global Crop Model Intercomparison (GGCMI) project phase 3. </p> <p>Gridded time series of fertiliser application rates are based on national and sub-national estimates for 141 individual crops for the year 2000 from Mueller et al. (2012) and national time series for five different crop groups from LUH2v2 (Hurtt et al., 2020). Gridded time series of manure application rates on cropland are based on total applied manure per grid cell from Zhang et al. (2017) and cropland extent from LUH2v2 (Hurtt et al., 2020).</p> <p>This update (v.1.1) corrects an error in the manure application rates, which was caused by a misalignment of manure data and cropland extent. Files for fertiser application rates are identical to the previous version.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Reference</strong></p> <p>Hurtt, G. C., Chini, L., Sahajpal, R., Frolking, S., Bodirsky, B. L., Calvin, K., Doelman, J. C., Fisk, J., Fujimori, S., Klein Goldewijk, K., Hasegawa, T., Havlik, P., Heinimann, A., Humpenöder, F., Jungclaus, J., Kaplan, J. O., Kennedy, J., Krisztin, T., Lawrence, D., … Zhang, X. (2020). Harmonization of global land use change and management for the period 850–2100 (LUH2) for CMIP6. <em>Geoscientific Model Development</em>, <em>13</em>(11), 5425–5464. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-5425-2020</p> <p>Mueller, N. D., Gerber, J. S., Johnston, M., Ray, D. K., Ramankutty, N., & Foley, J. a. (2012). Closing yield gaps through nutrient and water management. <em>Nature</em>, <em>490</em>(7419), 254–257. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11420</p> <p>Zhang, B., Tian, H., Lu, C., Dangal, S. R. S., Yang, J., & Pan, S. (2017). Global manure nitrogen production and application in cropland during 1860–2014: a 5 arcmin gridded global dataset for Earth system modeling. <em>Earth System Science Data</em>, <em>9</em>(2), 667–678. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-667-2017</p>
Anaerobic digestion of poultry manure to power a poultry farm in Ba: Techno-economic study
Poultry is the largest meat volume produced in Fiji, yet considering the large quantity of waste produced by this livestock, there has not been any established study nor application of the anaerobic digestion (AD) of poultry manure (PM) in the country. This paper aims to determine the techno-economic feasibility of the AD of PM to power a poultry farm in Fiji. A pilot-scale, solid-state anaerobic digestion (SSAD) was employed with mono-digestion batches of PM, and co-digestions with kitchen waste (KW) and newspaper waste (NPW). The key operational parameters of AD were measured and its influence on the biogas production were studied, whereby changes in environmental temperature had the greatest effect on biogas production. The results were then used to carry out a feasibility study of the full-scale design. The results showed that the SSAD system would generate 189.46 MWh of electricity annually, with a levelized cost of energy of FJ$0.17/KWh.
Electrochemical ammonia recovery and co-production of chemicals from manure wastewater
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Livestock manure wastewater, containing high level of ammonia, is a major source of water contamination, posing serious threats to aquatic ecosystems. Because ammonia is an important nitrogen fertilizer, efficiently recovering ammonia from manure wastewater would have multiple sustainability gains from both the pollution control and the resource recovery perspectives. Here, we develop an electrochemical strategy to achieve this goal by using an ion-selective potassium nickel hexacyanoferrate (KNiHCF) electrode as a mediator. The KNiHCF electrode spontaneously oxidizes organic matter and uptakes ammonium ions (NH₄⁺) and potassium ions (K⁺) in manure wastewater with a nutrient selectivity of ~100%. Subsequently, nitrogen- and potassium-rich fertilizers are produced alongside the electrosynthesis of H₂ (green fuel) or H₂O₂ (disinfectant) while regenerating the KNiHCF electrode. The preliminary techno-economic analysis indicates that the proposed strategy has notable economic potential and environmental benefits. This work provides a powerful strategy for efficient nutrient (NH₄⁺ and K⁺) recovery and decentralized fertilizer and chemical production from manure wastewater, paving the way to sustainable agriculture.</span></p>
N2O and CO2 fluxes and related environmental conditions in response to manure and synthetic fertilization treatments, with and without a urease inhibitor
<p>Agricultural best management practices (BMPs) intended to solve one environmental challenge may have unintended climate impacts. For example, manure injection is often promoted for its potential to reduce runoff and N loss as NH<sub>3</sub>, but the practice has been shown to increase N<sub>2</sub>O, a powerful GHG, compared to surface application. Urease inhibitor application with N fertilizer is another BMP that can enhance N retention by reducing NH<sub>3</sub> emissions, but its impact on N<sub>2</sub>O emissions is mixed. Thus, we measured N<sub>2</sub>O, CO<sub>2</sub>, soil mineral N availability, soil moisture, soil temperature, and yield in a two-year perennial hayfield trial with four fertilization treatments (manure injection, manure broadcast, synthetic urea, and control) applied with or without a urease inhibitor in Alburgh, VT (n=4 treatment replicates; 32 total subplots). This dataset includes the daily N<sub>2</sub>O and CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes in every subplot on each sampling day in our trial, along with cumulative emissions for 2020 and 2021. We also include the other variables that we measured (listed above) and relevant weather data (precipitation and air temperature). Note that during the second treatment application in 2021, the incorrect treatment was applied to one synthetic urea subplot. We therefore excluded this subplot from our analysis of daily fluxes after 30 July 2021 (n=3 synthetic urea replicates). Details about our sampling methods are available in the corresponding manuscript.</p>
Phosphorus release from intact soil monoliths of manure amended fields under simulated snowmelt flooding
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Anaerobic conditions developed in soils with flooding can enhance the release of soil phosphorus (P) to overlying water, but little information is available for soils with a long history of manure application. We examined the P release from manure-amended soils under simulated snowmelt flooding. Intact monoliths from manured (solid-swine, SSM or liquid swine, LSM) and unamended (control) field plots were collected from Carman, Manitoba. Monoliths were frozen for seven days, then thawed, flooded and incubated at +4±1 °C. Redox potential, pH, and concentrations of dissolved reactive P (DRP), Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn in pore water and floodwater were determined weekly up to 56 days after flooding (DAF), and then at 84 DAF. Redox potential decreased with DAF with a greater, and more rapid, decrease in SSM (from initial value of ~300 mV to < 0 mV by 84 DAF) compared to LSM and control (~100 mV by 84 DAF). Pore water and floodwater DRP concentrations were significantly greater in manured treatments than the control at all DAFs, and in SSM than LSM for most DAFs. While floodwater DRP concentrations remained relatively stable in the control treatment, concentrations in manured treatments increased substantially from the onset of flooding to 35-42 DAF (3-4-fold increase) and remained relatively stable thereafter. Significantly greater P release from SSM- than LSM-treated monoliths was due to greater input of P, as well as the higher organic matter content in SSM treated soils. These favored the rapid development of anaerobic conditions that further induced P release.</p>
Earthworms increase the potential for enzymatic bio-activation of biochars made from co-pyrolyzing animal manures and plastic wastes
<p>We assessed the enzymatic activation of four different biochars produced from pyrolyzing swine manure and poultry litter, and by co-pyrolyzing these livestock residues with agricultural spent mulch plastic film wastes (plastichars). Enzymatic activation consisted of incubating biochars in soil inoculated with earthworms (<em>Lumbricus terrestris</em>), which acted as biological vectors to facilitate retention of extracellular enzymes onto biochar surface. The activity of carboxylesterase ‒a pesticide-detoxifying enzyme‒ was measured in non-bioturbed soils (reference), linings of the burrows created by earthworms, casts (feces) and biochar particles recovered from the soil.</p>
Co-occurrence of antimicrobials and metals in swine manure as potential drivers of antimicrobial resistance in the environment
<p>In many regions of the United States (US) and other countries, animal manures are often agronomically applied to cropland to recycle nutrients. However, aggregated manure wastes commonly contain contaminants including veterinary antimicrobials, heavy metals, and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) that can stimulate the development and proliferation of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). While the presence of antimicrobials in manure is well-documented, very little has been reported on the co-occurrence of other chemical stressors in swine manure that may stimulate AMR spread in exposed bacteria. This study quantifies and analyzes correlations between antimicrobials, metals, and certain ARGs present in manure samples from swine farms in Iowa, US. Relationships between contaminants and different stages of swine production or feed composition are also investigated. Results revealed notable levels of tetracyclines (up to 1,260 µg g-1 dry weight (d.w.) of manure for oxytetracycline) detected in all samples. Tiamulin, two ionophores (monensin and lasalocid), and one macrolide (tilmicosin) were detected at maximum class concentrations of 9.4, 0.547, and 0.472 µg g-1 d.w., respectively. The median relative abundances of ErmB and TetM were 0.13 and 0.17 copies g-1 wet weight (w.w.) manure (normalized to 16S gene), respectively. Additionally, high levels of copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) were detected in all samples, with maximum concentrations of 887, 1,900, and 2,100 µg g-1 d.w., respectively. Notably, uranium was detected in 11 samples, at concentrations up to 0.77 µg g-1. A global analysis of AMR-stressor relationships using Spearman's rank correlation indicates Cu, and Ba are the most positively and significantly correlated with anhydrotetracycline (ATC) and/or anhydrochlortetracycline (ACTC) concentrations in all tested facilities (Cu-ATC: ρ = 0.67, p = 0.0093; Cu-ACTC: ρ = 0.75, p = 0.0022; Ba-ATC: ρ = 0.84, p = 0.0002). Interestingly, ermB and tetM genes were strongly, positively correlated to each other (ρ=0.92, p= 0.000), suggesting possible co-selection, despite the absence of correlation between ARGs and tetracycline concentrations. This study demonstrates the complexity of interactions between antimicrobials, metals, and ARGs in multiple manure storage pits prior to cropland application.</p>
Fig1 in Use of fresh or dried manure worm (Eisenia foetida) on the growth performance of juvenile of Clarias gariepinus high out in basin
Fig1: Evolution in weight of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings subjected to different treatments
Soil bacterial biodiversity is driven by long-term pasture management, poultry litter, and cattle manure inputs
<p>These raw data is used as the supplementary information for the manuscript "Soil bacterial biodiversity is driven by long-term pasture management, poultry litter, and cattle manure inputs". </p>
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