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265 results for “marble”
City of Seattle, Seattle Public Utilities, Marbled Murrelet Baseline Surveys 2005-2007, Cedar River Municipal Watershed, King County, WA
From 2005 to 2007, Seattle Public Utilities (SPU) hired consultants to use ornithological radar and protocol audio-visual (AV) surveys to establish baseline information on the distribution and abundance of Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) in the Cedar River Municipal Watershed (CRMW), Washington. Across the three years, radar surveys were conducted on 100 mornings at 18 sites, and AV surveys on 92 mornings at 12 sites. The study recorded murrelet targets via radar in all years, with 65 detections in 2005, 89 in 2006, and 25 in 2007. Mean daily landward radar counts ranged between 0 and 4 per morning, and did not differ significantly across years. Although overall radar counts were low, high day-to-day variability was observed (coefficients of variation from 130% to 173%). Monte Carlo simulations showed that with repeated surveys using the same methods, the monitoring program could detect an annual increase of 2–3% in Marbled Murrelet abundance over approximately 25–50 years. AV surveys confirmed murrelet occupancy at two sites: the Rex River in 2005 and the South Fork Cedar River in 2006. No murrelets were detected by AV in 2007, though radar data suggested low-level murrelet presence at several additional sub-basins. The findings indicate that Marbled Murrelets occur at low densities in the CRMW, likely limited by both high inland distance and relatively sparse old-growth forest structure suitable for nesting. The four radar stations established and resampled during the study provide an opportunity for long-term monitoring, offering sufficient power to detect changes in murrelet activity as ongoing forest restoration efforts in the CRMW progress.
City of Seattle, Seattle Public Utilities, Marbled Murrelet Habitat Enhancement Experiment 2010, Cedar River Municipal Watershed, King County, WA
This experimental project aims to enhance nesting habitat for the marbled murrelet through active habitat restoration in second-growth forests. The project was conducted within the Cedar River Municipal Watershed (CRMW) in Washington State, with the goal of determining if silvicultural treatments, such as creating canopy gaps and tree topping, can accelerate the growth of tree branches suitable for murrelet nesting. The project was implemented in 2010 at a 75-acre site within CRMW. Treatments included removing surrounding trees to increase canopy openness ("gaps"), topping trees to stimulate branch growth, and combining both methods. The site was specifically chosen for its proximity to the murrelet detections in nearby old growth stands, and site suitability in terms of tree age, species composition, and manageable topography. Data collected focused on tree growth and structure characteristics critical to murrelet nesting. A total of 48 trees received treatments, which were systematically compared to untreated controls to assess outcomes. The initial implementation confirmed logistical feasibility and budget adherence, with plans for monitoring and resampling established for the 2020s. If successful, these techniques could be replicated across various environmental conditions to expand viable nesting habitat for the marbled murrelet, directly supporting conservation objectives outlined in the CRMW Habitat Conservation Plan.
Figure 1 in First record of Marbled snake eel, Ophichthus lithinus (Jordan & Richardson 1908) (Ophichthidae: Anguilliformes) from Bangladesh marine water
Figure 1. Sampling location of Ophichthus lithinus collected from St. Martin's Island of Bangladesh () and nearest distribution of Ophichthus lithinus (★).
Figure 2.a in First record of Marbled snake eel, Ophichthus lithinus (Jordan & Richardson 1908) (Ophichthidae: Anguilliformes) from Bangladesh marine water
Figure 2.a. Jaw teeth of Ophichthus lithinus, b. Head of O. lithinus, and c. Lateral view of O. lithinus (SL. 693mm).
Figure 3 in First record of Marbled snake eel, Ophichthus lithinus (Jordan & Richardson 1908) (Ophichthidae: Anguilliformes) from Bangladesh marine water
Figure 3. Dentition on upper jaw and lower jaw of snake eel, Ophichthus lithinus, from Saint Martin's Island, Bangladesh Bay of Bengal, India (SL. 693mm).
FIGURE 5 in A subspecies of marbled newt (Triturus marmoratus) in the Iberian Peninsula newly resolved from congruent nuclear and mitochondrial DNA data
FIGURE 5 The Iberian Peninsula with the ranges of Triturus pygmaeus in light red and T. rudolfi in brown (Arntzen, 2023, 2024). Populations of the counterpart species T. marmoratus are coloured according to the dominant mitochondrial haplogroups with colours as in the legend and fig. 4. The solid or interrupted black line shows the northern range of T. m. harmannis ssp. nov., as determined by the green, yellow and blue sections in fig. 1. Note that haplogroups 1 and 2 are associated with T. m. marmoratus and that haplogroups 3, 4 and 5 are associated with T. m. harmannis ssp. nov. Haplogroup 6 is associated with T. pygmaeus and T. rudolfi (for details see table 2). Areas shown in white fall outside the documented range of the T. marmoratus species group and areas shown in grey are distant from a sampled locality.
FIGURE A1 in A subspecies of marbled newt (Triturus marmoratus) in the Iberian Peninsula newly resolved from congruent nuclear and mitochondrial DNA data
FIGURE A1 Holotype of Triturus marmoratus harmannis ssp. nov. at right and ventral view. Size bar is 1 cm. Stored at the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain under catalogue number 51792.
FIGURE 3 in A subspecies of marbled newt (Triturus marmoratus) in the Iberian Peninsula newly resolved from congruent nuclear and mitochondrial DNA data
FIGURE 3 Histogram of scores along the first axis for the discriminant analysis of size corrected morphometric data for Triturus marmoratus marmoratus (shaded bars) and T. m. harmannis ssp. nov. (open bars). This first discriminant axis is most strongly correlated with extremity lengths and not the other characters. Highest loadings on the second axis are for head length and head width (results not shown).
FIGURE 1 in A subspecies of marbled newt (Triturus marmoratus) in the Iberian Peninsula newly resolved from congruent nuclear and mitochondrial DNA data
FIGURE 1 Classification and geographical distribution of European marbled and pygmy newts from a panel of 32–33 nuclear genetic markers (data from Kazilas et al., 2024). (A) HIests plot with ancestry and heterozygosity for within marbled newts (top panel, with Triturus m. marmoratus left and T. m. harmannis ssp. nov. to the right) and for pygmy newts (bottom panel, with T. rudolfi to the left and T. pygmaeus to the right). (B) Investigated Iberian populations shown by black dots with surrounding areas coloured as in A. Areas shown in white fall outside the documented range of the T. marmoratus species group and areas in shown grey are distant from a sampled locality. The open square symbol in the Lisbon Peninsula corresponds to the open round symbol in A.
FIGURE 4 in Morphological and genetic diversification of pygmy and marbled newts, with the description of a new species from the wider Lisbon Peninsula (Triturus, Salamandridae)
FIGURE 4 Geographical clines observed for 'Triturus pygmaeus' in a longitudinal transect across central Portugal (see fig. 3), with T. rudolfi nov. sp. in the west and T. pygmaeus in the east. The horizontal axis is distance in km, measured from the nominal centre of the contact zone at Entroncamento railway station. The vertical axes are from top to bottom, left column – PCA2 for 54 SNP markers and the frequency of the eastern mtDNA haplotype, and in the right-hand column – the number of links and body size (lnSVl1) of adult males and females. Solid dots represent populations and the grey areas represent the 95% credibility intervals. Note that the colour bar is applied to fig. 3B. The formal cline descriptions are in supplementary table S3.
FIGURE 2 in Morphological and genetic diversification of Old-World marbled newts, with the description of a new and 'not-at-all-cryptic' subspecies from the Iberian Peninsula (Triturus, Salamandridae)
FIGURE 2 The distribution of two species of marbled newts over the western part of the Iberian Peninsula, as inferred from the morphological character Nlinks. Triturus marmoratus is shown in two shades of blue, T. pygmaeus in two shades of red and four localities with both species are shown in grey (see colour legend). The spatial extrapolation does not exceed ca. 50 km. Note that southern Iberian populations are all T. pygmaeus, irrespective of high (cluster C1), low (C2), or bimodal Nlink counts (Doñana National Park). Populations that were studied morphometrically are highlighted by a box. The type locality for T. pygmaeus lusitanicus ssp. nov. is Granja, Portugal and is marked by an asterisk.
FIGURE A1 in Morphological and genetic diversification of pygmy and marbled newts, with the description of a new species from the wider Lisbon Peninsula (Triturus, Salamandridae)
FIGURE A1 Holotype of Triturus rudolfi sp. nov. at right (top) and left lateral view (middle), and in ventral view (bottom). Size bar is 1 cm. Stored at the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain under catalogue number 51784. Downloaded from Brill.com 07/10/2024 02:01:22PM via Open Access. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
FIGURE 4 in Morphological and genetic diversification of Old-World marbled newts, with the description of a new and 'not-at-all-cryptic' subspecies from the Iberian Peninsula (Triturus, Salamandridae)
FIGURE 4 Morphological and genetic variation in Triturus pygmaeus from in and around Doñana National Park (DNP). A – histograms of Nlink counts for four population groups with, from top to bottom: southwestern cluster of T. pygmaeus (localities 65, 436, 438 and 1004 in the south of Portugal, together marked C1 in fig. 2), populations in the northern section of DNP (ER, locality 1005 and BS, locality 1006), population in the southern section of DNP (locality 271) and the Betic cluster of T. pygmaeus (localities 270, 463, 465 and 1003 in the very south of Spain, together marked C2 in fig. 1). Exceptionally, the northern Doñana museum material contains 15 juvenile specimens (open bars) along with three adults (shaded bars). B – geographical cline in microsatellite genetic variation. The horizontal axis shows 'Distance from the Guadalquivir River' in km and the vertical axis presents Structure Q-scores. The solid round symbols represent populations and the grey area shows the 95% credibility interval. The Structure Q-scores were extracted from a published figure (Albert & García-Navas, 2022: Figure 4) and are unavoidably imprecise. The position of the 'Torre Carbonero', a cultural landmark at the Doñana beach, is shown by an arrow (TC). Three populations with morphological data available, that can be associated to the transect are El Rocío (arrow marked ER) and the biological station (BS) in northern Doñana and Zacallón C. de los Junqueros in southern Doñana (arrow marked 271). For details, see table 1 and supplementary table S1.
FIGURE 5 in Morphological and genetic diversification of pygmy and marbled newts, with the description of a new species from the wider Lisbon Peninsula (Triturus, Salamandridae)
FIGURE 5 Histogram for the number of links (Nlinks) observed in Iberian large-bodied newts, with low values for Triturus marmoratus (top panel), intermediate values for T. rudolfi sp. nov. (middle panel) and low to high values for T. pygmaeus (bottom panel). A distinction is made between T. p. pygmaeus from the Betic region (grey bars) and T. p. lusitanicus from the remainder of the species range (open bars) (see Arntzen, 2024). The optimal separation of T. rudolfi nov. sp. versus T. p. lusitanicus is achieved at Nlinks = 6.8, as shown by an interrupted line. To the right examples are shown of individuals with low and high link counts. Animals are facing left, with T. marmoratus from Gerês, northern Portugal at the top and T. p. lusitanicus from Sagres, southern Portugal at the bottom. Links are counted over the left and right side of the newts' bodies, in between the insertion of the fore- and hind leg. THE IMAGERY IS REPRODUCED FROM ARNTZEN (2018)
FIGURE 3 in Morphological and genetic diversification of Old-World marbled newts, with the description of a new and 'not-at-all-cryptic' subspecies from the Iberian Peninsula (Triturus, Salamandridae)
FIGURE 3 Nine marbled newts from three (sub)species each in dorsal and ventral view. Link counts for the left and right side of the body are given in parentheses. Top row – Triturus marmoratus from Jublains, France; left male (3, 2) and right female (1, 1). Middle row – T. pygmaeus lusitanicus ssp. nov. from Cardeña, Spain; from left to right female (2, 4), male (4, 3) and male (4, 5). Bottom row – T. p. pygmaeus from Salinas, Spain; from left to right male (2, 1), male (1, 2) male (2,0) and female (3, 1). Note that the colour pattern in T. marmoratus and T. p. pygmaeus is horizontally banded whereas in T. p. lusitanicus ssp. nov. it is reticulated. PHOTOGRAPHY L. A. VAN DER LAAN
Cyprus. Carved marble fragment in Stamford, CT, USA.
<p>Cyprus. Carved marble fragment in the First Presbyterian Church, 1101 Bedford Street, Stamford, Connecticut. Width: 46.5 mm</p>
Figure 1 in Evidence of presence of Marbled Cat Pardofelis marmorata (Martin, 1837) in Neora Valley National Park, Central Himalaya, India
Figure 1. Study area pointing the location points of the camera traps capturing the Marbled Cat Images.
Fig. 2 in Possible predation attempt by a marbled cat on a juvenile Phayre's leaf monkey
Fig. 2. Marbled cat standing, looking at the spot where it had bitten a juvenile Phayre's leaf monkey at 06:30 (Photograph by: Surachest Dtubpraserit©).
Fig. 1 in Possible predation attempt by a marbled cat on a juvenile Phayre's leaf monkey
Fig. 1. Marbled cat sitting, facing the spot where it had bitten a juvenile Phayre's leaf monkey at 06:30. Note the long tail covering the front paws (Photograph by: Surachest Dtubpraserit©).
FIG. 21 in Holotherian mammals from the Forest Marble (Middle Jurassic of England)
FIG. 21. — Proposed evolution of the molars of the main holotherian taxa (but see p.); 1, (Kuehneotherium) metacone lingual; lingual cingulum; strong stylocone; two roots; facet A present; narrow trigonid; e, f, present; lingual cingulid; facet A present; 2, (tinodontids) lingual cingulum decreases; parastyle increases? stylocone decreases; 2bis, (Trechnotheria) trigon widens; lingual cingulum decreases; paracone increases; parastyle becomes hooklike; metacone more labial; B' and "c" present; trigonid angle more acute; 3, (spalacotheriids) metacrista cusps tend to disappear; posterior stylar cusp; cusp B' and facet A tend to disappear; f becomes cingulid; complete cingulid; talonid cusp reduces; 3bis, (Cladotheria) trigon ridge; talonid develops; transverse crest ascends base of metaconid and on talonid isolates lingual component; 4, (Dryolestida) B' tends to disappear; posterior stylar cusp; facet A disappears; 3 roots; lingual cingulid disappears; paraconid inclined forwards and lamellar; talonid widens bucco-lingually; e disappears; f becomes anterior; 4bis, talonid elongates with a protruding talonid cusp; 5, (Kennetheredium n. gen.) trigonid taller; e disappears; 5bis, (Zatheria) distal metacristid; lingual cingulid decreases; 6, (amphitheriids) posterior stylar cusp; 3 roots; e reduces; f becomes anterior cingulid; 6bis, trigon ridge disappears; B' disappears; lingual cingulum develops; facet 4; lingual cingulid disappears; hypoconid develops; number of molars decreases; 7, (peramurids) stylocone decreases?; 7bis, (tribosphenids) protocone develops; three roots; facets 5 and 6.
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