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288 results for “marine coasts”
Marine magnetic anomaly data from high resolution surveys off the SW Portuguese coast
<p>This dataset contains <strong>magnetic anomaly grids</strong> that result from the full processing of marine magnetic data collected off the SW Portuguese coast between 2014 and 2019. A total area of ~4400 km<sup>2</sup> was surveyed with average line spacing of 1 nautic mile. Surveys covered the continental shelf and in some regions reaching up to 2500 m bathymetric levels. Total magnetic field data were acquired with a G882 Cesium vapor marine magnetometer towed, towed at sea surface.</p> <p><strong>Full processing</strong> of magnetic data included: layback correction; noise removal; IGRF subtraction; base station correction; line leveling; minimum curvature gridding. The resulting sea level magnetic anomaly grid was further processed for upward continuation and reduction to the pole, providing additional outputs. </p> <p>The following grids are provided in <strong>georeferenced geotiff format</strong>:</p> <ul> <li>Magnetic anomaly (sealevel)</li> <li>Magnetic anomaly reduced to the pole (sealevel)</li> <li>Magnetic anomaly upward continued to 200 m height </li> <li>Magnetic anomaly upward continued to 200 m height, reduced to the pole</li> <li>Magnetic anomaly upward continued to 3000 m height </li> <li>Magnetic anomaly upward continued to 3000 m height, reduced to the pole</li> </ul> <p><strong>Published in</strong>: Neres, M., P. Terrinha, J. Noiva, P. Brito, M. Rosa, L. Batista, C. Ribeiro (2023). <em>New Late Cretaceous and CAMP magmatic sources off West Iberia, from high-resolution magnetic surveys on the continental shelf.</em> <strong>Tectonics</strong>. doi: 10.1029/2022TC007637</p> <p> </p>
Shipboard Conductivity–Temperature–Depth (CTD) and dissolved oxygen profile data collected during hypoxia surveys along six hydrographic sampling lines within Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary, 2004–2015
<p>This data set includes Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) and dissolved oxygen profile data that were collected along Washington State’s outer coast within Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary (OCNMS). Measurements were made along six cross-shelf hydrographic sampling lines during a series of hypoxia survey cruises from 2004 – 2015. The 398 CTD profiles were acquired using Sea-Bird Scientific 19 SeaCAT or 19plus SeaCAT CTD profilers with associated SBE-43 (Sea-Bird Electronics) or Beckman or YSI-type (Yellow Springs Instruments) dissolved oxygen sensors. The data were processed via Sea-Bird Scientific’s SBE Data Processing application using six of the modules in the following order: Data Conversion, Filter, Align CTD, Loop Edit, Derive, and Bin Average. These processing steps and associated methods are the same as those used to process CTD data collected during OCNMS mooring maintenance cruises (<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352340924001422">Risien et al., 2024</a>) and along the Newport Hydrographic Line (<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352340922001342">Risien et al., 2022</a>) located off the central Oregon coast.</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><strong>Station Name </strong></td> <td><strong>Latitude</strong></td> <td><strong>Longitude</strong></td> <td><strong>Water Depth (m, MLLW)</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Cape Alava (CA)</strong></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>CA010</td> <td>48.1661oN</td> <td>124.7540oW</td> <td>10</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CA020</td> <td>48.1661oN</td> <td>124.7598oW</td> <td>20</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CA030</td> <td>48.1659oN</td> <td>124.7783oW</td> <td>30</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CA040</td> <td>48.1659oN</td> <td>124.7852oW</td> <td>40</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CA045</td> <td>48.1659oN</td> <td>124.8335oW</td> <td>45</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CA050</td> <td>48.1658oN</td> <td>124.8578oW</td> <td>50</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CA060</td> <td>48.1659oN</td> <td>124.8843oW</td> <td>60</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CA070</td> <td>48.1655oN</td> <td>124.9011oW</td> <td>70</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CA080</td> <td>48.1657oN</td> <td>124.9141oW</td> <td>80</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CA090</td> <td>48.1659oN</td> <td>124.9247oW</td> <td>90</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CA100</td> <td>48.1658oN</td> <td>124.9319oW</td> <td>100</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Teahwhit Head (TH)</strong></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>TH030</td> <td>47.8759oN</td> <td>124.6481oW</td> <td>30</td> </tr> <tr> <td>TH035</td> <td>47.8761oN</td> <td>124.7024oW</td> <td>35</td> </tr> <tr> <td>TH040</td> <td>47.8760oN</td> <td>124.7281oW</td> <td>40</td> </tr> <tr> <td>TH050</td> <td>47.8761oN</td> <td>124.7567oW</td> <td>50</td> </tr> <tr> <td>TH060</td> <td>47.8765oN</td> <td>124.7822oW</td> <td>60</td> </tr> <tr> <td>TH070</td> <td>47.8765oN</td> <td>124.8084oW</td> <td>70</td> </tr> <tr> <td>TH080</td> <td>47.8768oN</td> <td>124.8415oW</td> <td>80</td> </tr> <tr> <td>TH090</td> <td>47.8769oN</td> <td>124.8868oW</td> <td>90</td> </tr> <tr> <td>TH100</td> <td>47.8769oN</td> <td>124.9182oW</td> <td>100</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Hoh Head (HH)</strong></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>HH025</td> <td>47.7688oN</td> <td>124.5605oW</td> <td>25</td> </tr> <tr> <td>HH042</td> <td>47.7688oN</td> <td>124.6428oW</td> <td>42</td> </tr> <tr> <td>HH065</td> <td>47.7688oN</td> <td>124.7401oW</td> <td>65</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Raft River (RR)</strong></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>RR015</td> <td>47.4632oN</td> <td>124.3748oW</td> <td>15</td> </tr> <tr> <td>RR020</td> <td>47.4644oN</td> <td>124.4510oW</td> <td>20</td> </tr> <tr> <td>RR042</td> <td>47.4632oN</td> <td>124.5199oW</td> <td>42</td> </tr> <tr> <td>RR065</td> <td>47.4629oN</td> <td>124.6074oW</td> <td>65</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Cape Elizabeth (CE)</strong></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>CE010</td> <td>47.3541oN</td> <td>124.3347oW</td> <td>10</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CE020</td> <td>47.354oN</td> <td>124.3608oW</td> <td>20</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CE030</td> <td>47.3538oN</td> <td>124.3913oW</td> <td>30</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CE040</td> <td>47.3534oN</td> <td>124.4678oW</td> <td>40</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CE050</td> <td>47.3532oN</td> <td>124.5064oW</td> <td>50</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CE060</td> <td>47.3529oN</td> <td>124.5510oW</td> <td>60</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CE070</td> <td>47.3528oN</td> <td>124.5823oW</td> <td>70</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CE080</td> <td>47.3527oN</td> <td>124.6158oW</td> <td>80</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CE090</td> <td>47.3526oN</td> <td>124.6491oW</td> <td>90</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CE100</td> <td>47.3522oN</td> <td>124.6754oW</td> <td>100</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Moclips (MO)</strong></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>MO010</td> <td>47.2214oN</td> <td>124.2394oW</td> <td>10</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MO015</td> <td>47.2214oN</td> <td>124.2599oW</td> <td>15</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MO020</td> <td>47.2214oN</td> <td>124.2791oW</td> <td>20</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MO030</td> <td>47.2195oN</td> <td>124.3347oW</td> <td>30</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MO042</td> <td>47.2195oN</td> <td>124.3958oW</td> <td>42</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
Conductivity–Temperature–Depth (CTD) and dissolved oxygen profile data from shipboard surveys collected within Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary, 2005-2023
<p>This data set includes Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) and dissolved oxygen profile data that were collected along Washington State’s outer coast within Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary towards the northernmost extent of the California Current System. Measurements were made at fourteen hydrographic stations during mooring deployment, recovery, and maintenance cruises between the months of May and October from 2005–2023. The 792 CTD profiles were acquired using Sea-Bird Scientific 19 SeaCAT or 19plus SeaCAT CTD profilers with associated SBE-43 (Sea-Bird Electronics) or Beckman or YSI-type (Yellow Springs Instruments) dissolved oxygen sensors. The data were processed via Sea-Bird Scientific’s SBE Data Processing application using six of the modules in the following order: <em>Data Conversion, Filter, Align CTD, Loop Edit, Derive, and Bin Average</em>. These processing steps and associated methods are the same as those used to process CTD data that make up the <a href="../records/5814071">Newport Hydrographic Line time series</a> located off the central Oregon coast thus allowing for a direct comparison between the two regions.</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><strong>Station Name </strong></td> <td><strong>Latitude</strong></td> <td><strong>Longitude</strong></td> <td><strong>Water Depth (m, MLLW)</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Makah Bay (MB)</strong></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>MB015</td> <td>48.3254oN</td> <td>124.6768oW</td> <td>15</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MB042</td> <td>48.3240oN</td> <td>124.7354oW</td> <td>42</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Cape Alava (CA)</strong></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>CA015</td> <td>48.1663oN</td> <td>124.7568oW</td> <td>15</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CA042</td> <td>48.1660oN</td> <td>124.8234oW</td> <td>42</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CA065 </td> <td>48.1659oN</td> <td>124.8949oW</td> <td>65</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Teahwhit Head (TH)</strong></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>TH015</td> <td>47.8761oN</td> <td>124.6195oW</td> <td>15</td> </tr> <tr> <td>TH042</td> <td>47.8762oN</td> <td>124.7334oW</td> <td>42</td> </tr> <tr> <td>TH065 </td> <td>47.8767oN</td> <td>124.7967oW</td> <td>65</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Kalaloch (KL)</strong></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>KL015</td> <td>47.6008oN</td> <td>124.4284oW</td> <td>15</td> </tr> <tr> <td>KL027</td> <td>47.5946oN</td> <td>124.4971oW</td> <td>27</td> </tr> <tr> <td>KL050 </td> <td>47.5933oN</td> <td>124.6112oW</td> <td>50</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Cape Elizabeth (CE)</strong></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>CE015</td> <td>47.3568oN</td> <td>124.3481oW</td> <td>15</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CE042</td> <td>47.3531oN</td> <td>124.4887oW</td> <td>42</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CE065 </td> <td> 47.3528oN</td> <td>124.5669oW</td> <td>65</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
An ensemble of trend preserving statistically downscaled projections for key marine variables under three different future scenarios for the Chilean coast
<p>The ensemble provides future projections of key marine variables under climate change for the Chilean coast. The datasets were produced for three different future scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5) and three different variables (potential temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH) at three different depth levels (5m, 25m and seafloor with the exception of chlorophyll) at monthly frequency for the years 1993 - 2099. The statistical metrics provided are the mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum median, 2.5 and 97.5 percentile. The ensemble is computed over 3-7 different CMIP6 model realisations (depending on variable), the bias corrections and statistical downscaling was trained on the GLORYS12V1 reanalysis provided by the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS).</p> <p>The following Earth System Models were used in building the ensemble:</p> <ul> <li>CMCC-ESM2 (Lovato et al. 2022)</li> <li>CMCC-CM2-SR5 (Cherchi et al. 2019)</li> <li>GFDL-ESM4 (Dunne et al., 2020)</li> <li>MPI-ESM1-2-LR (Mauritsen et al., 2020)</li> <li>IPSL-CM6A-LR (Boucher et al. 2020)</li> </ul> <p> <br>Analogue datasets are provided in separate zenodo entries for the regions of the Mediterranean Sea, the North Sea, the Baltic Sea, the Bay of Biscay and the area around the Yucatán Peninsula, see “Related identifiers”.</p> <p>A description of the downscaling approach and evaluation of the datasets over the European regions is published in <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-51160-1">Kristiansen et al. 2024</a>.</p> <p>We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP. Generated using E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information; <a href="https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00021">https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00021</a>, <a href="https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00019">https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00019</a>.</p> <p><br><strong>This data is distributed under <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>.</strong></p>
Dataset for marine vessel detection from Sentinel 2 images in the Finnish coast
<p>This dataset contains annotated marine vessels from 15 different Sentinel-2 product, used for training object detection models for marine vessel detection. The vessels are annotated as bounding boxes, covering also some amount of the wake, if present.</p> <h2>Source data</h2> <div> <div>Individual products used to generate annotations are shown in the following table:</div> </div> <div> </div> <div> <table style="width: 58.034%; height: 411.47px;"> <tbody> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 16.0296%; height: 19.5938px;"><strong>Location</strong></td> <td style="width: 79.3617%; height: 19.5938px;"><strong>Product name</strong></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 39.1875px;"> <td style="width: 16.0296%; height: 39.1875px;">Archipelago sea</td> <td style="width: 79.3617%; height: 39.1875px;">S2A_MSIL1C_20220515T100031_N0510_R122_T34VEM_20240617T162344.SAFE</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 16.0296%; height: 19.5938px;"> </td> <td style="width: 79.3617%; height: 19.5938px;">S2B_MSIL1C_20220619T100029_N0510_R122_T34VEM_20240627T204751.SAFE</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 16.0296%; height: 19.5938px;"> </td> <td style="width: 79.3617%; height: 19.5938px;">S2A_MSIL1C_20220721T095041_N0510_R079_T34VEM_20240712T224506.SAFE</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 16.0296%; height: 19.5938px;"> </td> <td style="width: 79.3617%; height: 19.5938px;">S2A_MSIL1C_20220813T095601_N0510_R122_T34VEM_20240717T115958.SAFE</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 39.1875px;"> <td style="width: 16.0296%; height: 39.1875px;">Gulf of Finland</td> <td style="width: 79.3617%; height: 39.1875px;">S2B_MSIL1C_20220606T095029_N0510_R079_T35VLG_20240619T111429.SAFE</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 16.0296%; height: 19.5938px;"> </td> <td style="width: 79.3617%; height: 19.5938px;">S2B_MSIL1C_20220626T095039_N0510_R079_T35VLG_20240620T013500.SAFE</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 16.0296%; height: 19.5938px;"> </td> <td style="width: 79.3617%; height: 19.5938px;">S2B_MSIL1C_20220703T094039_N0510_R036_T35VLG_20240702T075354.SAFE</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 16.0296%; height: 19.5938px;"> </td> <td style="width: 79.3617%; height: 19.5938px;">S2A_MSIL1C_20220721T095041_N0510_R079_T35VLG_20240712T224506.SAFE</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 16.0296%; height: 19.5938px;">Bothnian Bay</td> <td style="width: 79.3617%; height: 19.5938px;">S2A_MSIL1C_20220627T100611_N0510_R022_T34WFT_20240628T041908.SAFE</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 16.0296%; height: 19.5938px;"> </td> <td style="width: 79.3617%; height: 19.5938px;">S2B_MSIL1C_20220712T100559_N0510_R022_T34WFT_20240718T033027.SAFE</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 16.0296%; height: 19.5938px;"> </td> <td style="width: 79.3617%; height: 19.5938px;">S2B_MSIL1C_20220828T095549_N0510_R122_T34WFT_20240708T035231.SAFE</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 16.0296%; height: 19.5938px;">Bothnian Sea</td> <td style="width: 79.3617%; height: 19.5938px;">S2B_MSIL1C_20210714T100029_N0500_R122_T34VEN_20230224T120043.SAFE</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 16.0296%; height: 19.5938px;"> </td> <td style="width: 79.3617%; height: 19.5938px;">S2B_MSIL1C_20220619T100029_N0510_R122_T34VEN_20240627T204751.SAFE</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 16.0296%; height: 19.5938px;"> </td> <td style="width: 79.3617%; height: 19.5938px;">S2A_MSIL1C_20220624T100041_N0510_R122_T34VEN_20240714T110124.SAFE</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 16.0296%; height: 19.5938px;"> </td> <td style="width: 79.3617%; height: 19.5938px;">S2A_MSIL1C_20220813T095601_N0510_R122_T34VEN_20240717T115958.SAFE</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 16.0296%; height: 19.5938px;">Kvarken</td> <td style="width: 79.3617%; height: 19.5938px;">S2A_MSIL1C_20220617T100611_N0510_R022_T34VER_20240627T094433.SAFE</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 16.0296%; height: 19.5938px;"> </td> <td style="width: 79.3617%; height: 19.5938px;">S2B_MSIL1C_20220712T100559_N0510_R022_T34VER_20240718T033027.SAFE</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 16.0296%; height: 19.5938px;"> </td> <td style="width: 79.3617%; height: 19.5938px;">S2A_MSIL1C_20220826T100611_N0510_R022_T34VER_20240705T062429.SAFE</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div> <div> </div> <div>Even though the reference data IDs are for L1C products, L2A products from the same acquisition dates can be used along with the annotations. However, Sen2Cor has been known to produce incorrect reflectance values for water bodies.</div> <div> </div> <div>The corresponding L2A product identifiers are:</div> </div> <div> </div> <div> <table style="width: 58.034%; height: 411.47px;"> <tbody> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 16.0296%; height: 19.5938px;"><strong>Location</strong></td> <td style="width: 79.3617%; height: 19.5938px;"><strong>Product name</strong></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 39.1875px;"> <td style="width: 16.0296%; height: 39.1875px;">Archipelago sea</td> <td style="width: 79.3617%; height: 39.1875px;">S2A_MSIL2A_20220515T100031_N0400_R122_T34VEM_20220515T141508.SAFE</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 16.0296%; height: 19.5938px;"> </td> <td style="width: 79.3617%; height: 19.5938px;">S2B_MSIL2A_20220619T100029_N0510_R122_T34VEM_20240628T011619.SAFE</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 16.0296%; height: 19.5938px;"> </td> <td style="width: 79.3617%; height: 19.5938px;">S2A_MSIL2A_20220721T095041_N0510_R079_T34VEM_20240713T035445.SAFE</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 16.0296%; height: 19.5938px;"> </td> <td style="width: 79.3617%; height: 19.5938px;">S2A_MSIL2A_20220813T095601_N0510_R122_T34VEM_20240717T165127.SAFE</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 39.1875px;"> <td style="width: 16.0296%; height: 39.1875px;">Gulf of Finland</td> <td style="width: 79.3617%; height: 39.1875px;">S2B_MSIL2A_20220606T095029_N0510_R079_T35VLG_20240619T162121.SAFE</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 16.0296%; height: 19.5938px;"> </td> <td style="width: 79.3617%; height: 19.5938px;">S2B_MSIL2A_20220626T095039_N0510_R079_T35VLG_20240620T063951.SAFE</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 16.0296%; height: 19.5938px;"> </td> <td style="width: 79.3617%; height: 19.5938px;">S2B_MSIL2A_20220703T094039_N0510_R036_T35VLG_20240702T130032.SAFE</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 16.0296%; height: 19.5938px;"> </td> <td style="width: 79.3617%; height: 19.5938px;">S2A_MSIL2A_20220721T095041_N0510_R079_T35VLG_20240713T035445.SAFE</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 16.0296%; height: 19.5938px;">Bothnian Bay</td> <td style="width: 79.3617%; height: 19.5938px;">S2A_MSIL2A_20220627T100611_N0510_R022_T34WFT_20240628T095704.SAFE</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 16.0296%; height: 19.5938px;"> </td> <td style="width: 79.3617%; height: 19.5938px;">S2B_MSIL2A_20220712T100559_N0510_R022_T34WFT_20240718T063657.SAFE</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 16.0296%; height: 19.5938px;"> </td> <td style="width: 79.3617%; height: 19.5938px;">S2B_MSIL2A_20220828T095549_N0510_R122_T34WFT_20240708T091048.SAFE</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 16.0296%; height: 19.5938px;">Bothnian Sea</td> <td style="width: 79.3617%; height: 19.5938px;">S2B_MSIL2A_20210714T100029_N0500_R122_T34VEN_20230224T182455.SAFE</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 16.0296%; height: 19.5938px;"> </td> <td style="width: 79.3617%; height: 19.5938px;">S2B_MSIL2A_20220619T100029_N0510_R122_T34VEN_20240628T011619.SAFE</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 16.0296%; height: 19.5938px;"> </td> <td style="width: 79.3617%; height: 19.5938px;">S2A_MSIL2A_20220624T100041_N0510_R122_T34VEN_20240714T162313.SAFE</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 16.0296%; height: 19.5938px;"> </td> <td style="width: 79.3617%; height: 19.5938px;">S2A_MSIL2A_20220813T095601_N0510_R122_T34VEN_20240717T165127.SAFE</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 16.0296%; height: 19.5938px;">Kvarken</td> <td style="width: 79.3617%; height: 19.5938px;">S2A_MSIL2A_20220617T100611_N0510_R022_T34VER_20240627T130404.SAFE</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 16.0296%; height: 19.5938px;"> </td> <td style="width: 79.3617%; height: 19.5938px;">S2B_MSIL2A_20220712T100559_N0510_R022_T34VER_20240718T063657.SAFE</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 16.0296%; height: 19.5938px;"> </td> <td style="width: 79.3617%; height: 19.5938px;">S2A_MSIL2A_20220826T100611_N0510_R022_T34VER_20240705T120522.SAFE</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div><br> <div>The raw products can be acquired from <a href="https://dataspace.copernicus.eu" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem.</a> The products listed above can be unavailable due to e.g. processing level updates and old versions being deleted. In those cases, try searching with the tile identifier and acquisition date in order to get the correct product ID.</div> <br> <h2>Annotations</h2> <br> <div>The annotations are bounding boxes drawn around marine vessels so that some amount of their wakes, if present, are also contained within the boxes. The data are distributed as geopackage files, so that one geopackage corresponds to a single Sentinel-2 tile, and each package has separate layers for individual products as shown below:</div> <br> <blockquote> <div>T34VEM</div> <div>|-20220515</div> <div>|-20220619</div> <div>|-20220721</div> <div>|-20220813</div> </blockquote> <br> <div>All layers have a column <strong>id</strong>, which has the value <strong>b</strong><strong>oat</strong> for all annotations.</div> <br> <div>CRS is EPSG:32634 for all products except for the Gulf of Finland (35VLG), which is in EPSG:32635. This is done in order to have the bounding boxes to be aligned with the pixels in the imagery.</div> <br> <div>As tiles 34VEM and 34VEN have an overlap of 9.5x100 km, 34VEN is not annotated from the overlapping part to prevent data leakage between splits.</div> <br> <h3>Annotation process</h3> The minimum size for an object to be considered as a potential marine vessel was set to 2x2 pixels. Three separate acquisitions for each location were used to detect smallest objects, so that if an object was located at the same place in all images, then it was left unannotated. The data were annotated by two experts. <div> </div> <table style="width: 63.327%; height: 391.876px;"> <tbody> <tr style="height: 39.1875px;"> <td style="width: 72.7285%; height: 39.1875px;"><strong>Product name</strong></td> <td style="width: 23.0224%; height: 39.1875px;"><strong>Number of annotations</strong></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 72.7285%; height: 19.5938px;"> <div> <div>S2A_MSIL1C_20220515T100031_N0510_R122_T34VEM_20240617T162344.SAFE</div> </div> </td> <td style="width: 23.0224%; height: 19.5938px;">183</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 72.7285%; height: 19.5938px;"> <div> <div>S2B_MSIL1C_20220619T100029_N0510_R122_T34VEM_20240627T204751.SAFE</div> </div> </td> <td style="width: 23.0224%; height: 19.5938px;">519</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 72.7285%; height: 19.5938px;"> <div> <div>S2A_MSIL1C_20220721T095041_N0510_R079_T34VEM_20240712T224506.SAFE</div> </div> </td> <td style="width: 23.0224%; height: 19.5938px;">1518</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 72.7285%; height: 19.5938px;"> <div> <div>S2A_MSIL1C_20220813T095601_N0510_R122_T34VEM_20240717T115958.SAFE</div> </div> </td> <td style="width: 23.0224%; height: 19.5938px;">1371</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 72.7285%; height: 19.5938px;"> <div> <div>S2B_MSIL1C_20220606T095029_N0510_R079_T35VLG_20240619T111429.SAFE</div> </div> </td> <td style="width: 23.0224%; height: 19.5938px;">277</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 72.7285%; height: 19.5938px;"> <div> <div>S2B_MSIL1C_20220626T095039_N0510_R079_T35VLG_20240620T013500.SAFE</div> </div> </td> <td style="width: 23.0224%; height: 19.5938px;">1205</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 72.7285%; height: 19.5938px;"> <div> <div>S2B_MSIL1C_20220703T094039_N0510_R036_T35VLG_20240702T075354.SAFE</div> </div> </td> <td style="width: 23.0224%; height: 19.5938px;">746</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 72.7285%; height: 19.5938px;"> <div> <div>S2A_MSIL1C_20220721T095041_N0510_R079_T35VLG_20240712T224506.SAFE</div> </div> </td> <td style="width: 23.0224%; height: 19.5938px;">971</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 72.7285%; height: 19.5938px;"> <div> <div>S2A_MSIL1C_20220627T100611_N0510_R022_T34WFT_20240628T041908.SAFE</div> </div> </td> <td style="width: 23.0224%; height: 19.5938px;">122</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 72.7285%; height: 19.5938px;"> <div> <div>S2B_MSIL1C_20220712T100559_N0510_R022_T34WFT_20240718T033027.SAFE</div> </div> </td> <td style="width: 23.0224%; height: 19.5938px;">162</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 72.7285%; height: 19.5938px;"> <div> <div>S2B_MSIL1C_20220828T095549_N0510_R122_T34WFT_20240708T035231.SAFE</div> </div> </td> <td style="width: 23.0224%; height: 19.5938px;">98</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 72.7285%; height: 19.5938px;"> <div> <div>S2B_MSIL1C_20210714T100029_N0500_R122_T34VEN_20230224T120043.SAFE</div> </div> </td> <td style="width: 23.0224%; height: 19.5938px;">450</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 72.7285%; height: 19.5938px;"> <div> <div>S2B_MSIL1C_20220619T100029_N0510_R122_T34VEN_20240627T204751.SAFE</div> </div> </td> <td style="width: 23.0224%; height: 19.5938px;">66</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 72.7285%; height: 19.5938px;"> <div> <div>S2A_MSIL1C_20220624T100041_N0510_R122_T34VEN_20240714T110124.SAFE</div> </div> </td> <td style="width: 23.0224%; height: 19.5938px;">424</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 72.7285%; height: 19.5938px;"> <div> <div>S2A_MSIL1C_20220813T095601_N0510_R122_T34VEN_20240717T115958.SAFE</div> </div> </td> <td style="width: 23.0224%; height: 19.5938px;">399</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 72.7285%; height: 19.5938px;"> <div> <div>S2A_MSIL1C_20220617T100611_N0510_R022_T34VER_20240627T094433.SAFE</div> </div> </td> <td style="width: 23.0224%; height: 19.5938px;">83</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 72.7285%; height: 19.5938px;"> <div> <div>S2B_MSIL1C_20220712T100559_N0510_R022_T34VER_20240718T033027.SAFE</div> </div> </td> <td style="width: 23.0224%; height: 19.5938px;">184</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 72.7285%; height: 19.5938px;">S2A_MSIL1C_20220826T100611_N0510_R022_T34VER_20240705T062429.SAFE</td> <td style="width: 23.0224%; height: 19.5938px;">88</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br><br> <h3>Annotation statistics</h3> <br>Sentinel-2 images have spatial resolution of 10 m, so below statistics can be converted to pixel sizes by dividing them by 10 (diameter) or 100 (area).</div> <div> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> </td> <td><strong>mean</strong></td> <td><strong>min</strong></td> <td><strong>25%</strong></td> <td><strong>50%</strong></td> <td><strong>75%</strong></td> <td><strong>max</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Area (m²)</strong></td> <td>5305.7</td> <td>567.9</td> <td>1629.9</td> <td>2328.2</td> <td>5176.3</td> <td>414795.7</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Diameter (m)</strong></td> <td>92.5</td> <td>33.9</td> <td>57.9</td> <td>69.4</td> <td>108.3</td> <td>913.9</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br><br> <div>As most of the annotations cover also most of the wake of the marine vessel, the bounding boxes are significantly larger than a typical boat. There are a few annotations larger than 100 000 m², which are either cruise or cargo ships that are travelling along ordinal directions instead of cardinal directions, instead of e.g. smaller leisure boats.</div> <br> <div>Annotations typically have diameter less than 100 meters, and the largest diameters correspond to similar instances than the largest bounding box areas.</div> <br> <h3>Train-test-split</h3> <br> <div>We used tiles 34VEN and 34VER as the test dataset. For validation, we split the other three tile areas into 5x5 equal sized grid, and used 20 % of the area (i.e 5 cells) for the validation. The same split also makes it possible to do cross-validation.</div> <div> </div> <div> </div> <div> </div> </div> <div> <h3>Post-processing</h3> </div> <div><br> <div>Before evaluating, the predictions for the test set are cleaned using the following steps:</div> <br> <div>1. All prediction whose centroid points are not located on water are discarded. The water mask used contains layers `jarvi` (Lakes), `meri` (Sea) and `virtavesialue` (Rivers as polygon geometry) from the Topographical database by the National Land Survey of Finland. Unfortunately this also discards all points not within the Finnish borders.</div> <div>2. All predictions whose centroid points are located on water rock areas are discarded. The mask is the layer `vesikivikko` (Water rock areas) from the Topographical database.</div> <div>3. All predictions that contain an above water rock within the bounding box are discarded. The mask contains classes `38511`, `38512`, `38513` from the layer `vesikivi` in the Topographical database.</div> <div>4. All predictions that contain a lighthouse or a sector light within the bounding box are discarded. Lighthouses and sector lights come from Väylävirasto data, `ty_njr` class ids are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8</div> <div>5. All predictions that are wind turbines, found in Topographical database layer `tuulivoimalat`</div> <div>6. All predictions that are obviously too large are discarded. The prediction is defined to be "too large" if either of its edges is longer than 750 meters.</div> </div> <div> </div> <div>Model checkpoint for the best performing model is available on Hugging Face platform: <a href="https://huggingface.co/mayrajeo/marine-vessel-detection-yolov8">https://huggingface.co/mayrajeo/marine-vessel-detection-yolo</a><br> <h2>Usage</h2> The simplest way to chip the rasters into suitable format and convert the data to COCO or YOLO formats is to use <a href="https://github.com/mayrajeo/geo2ml">geo2ml</a>. First download the raw mosaics and convert them into GeoTiff files and then use the following to generate the datasets. <div> </div> To generate COCO format dataset run</div> <div> </div> <div> <pre><code>from geo2ml.scripts.data import create_coco_dataset raster_path = '<path_to_raster>' outpath = '<path_to_save_the_dataset>' poly_path = '<path_to_gpkg>' layer = '<date_of_raster>' create_coco_dataset(raster_path=raster_path, polygon_path=poly_path, target_column='id', gpkg_layer=layer, outpath=outpath, save_grid=False, dataset_name='<name_of_dataset>', gridsize_x=320, gridsize_y=320, ann_format='box', min_bbox_area=0)</code></pre> </div> <div><br> <div>To generate YOLO format dataset run</div> <div> <pre><code>from geo2ml.scripts.data import create_yolo_dataset raster_path = '<path_to_raster>' outpath = '<path_to_save_the_dataset>' poly_path = '<path_to_gpkg>' layer = '<date_of_raster>' create_yolo_dataset(raster_path=raster_path, polygon_path=poly_path, target_column='id', gpkg_layer=layer, outpath=outpath, save_grid=False, gridsize_x=320, gridsize_y=320, ann_format='box', min_bbox_area=0)</code></pre> </div> </div>
Genetic diversity of a marine foundation species, Laminaria hyperborea (Phaeophyceae Laminariales), along the coast of Ireland
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Worldwide, kelp populations are stressed by warming, increased storms and other man-driven disturbances<i>. </i>Marine population distributions are projected to retreat poleward with climate change if they cannot adapt to changing conditions, which would potentially lead to a regime shift in subtidal habitats. In Northern Europe, <i>Laminaria hyperborea</i>is a subtidal ecosystem engineer whose distribution has shifted over millennia, leaving predicted areas of high genetic diversity from the last glacial maximum (LGM) near its southern distribution limit in the Iberian Peninsula. In Ireland, <i>L. hyperborea </i>structures communities by supporting diverse faunal assemblages and producing large quantities of organic carbon throughout the year. We investigated the genetic diversity of eight populations ranging from the southern coast to the northwest of Ireland using nine microsatellite loci. Diversity was found to be highest in Lough Hyne, a Special Area of Conservation (SAC), near the predicted climate refugium. We found evidence of isolation by distance, with high connectivity between populations that were geographically close, likely driven by short range dispersal of <i>L. hyperborea</i>propagules. Genetic diversity (measured as expected heterozygosity and allelic richness) was highest at Lough Hyne, and decreased northwards, as predicted from past range shifts. Expected heterozygosity was highest at Lough Hyne (0.706) and decreased northward, with the lowest value at Bridges of Ross (0.283). Based on these patterns, further fine-scale investigation into population diversity, dispersal and potential resilience in Irish kelp forests are necessary as warming and non-native species are observed more and more frequently.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Fig. 6 in Two New Species of Free-living Marine Nematodes (Nematoda: Axonolaimidae and Tripyloididae) from the Coast of Antarctica
Fig. 6. Parabathylaimus jare sp. nov. A, malformed spicule and gubernaculum (ICHUM 5376); B, spicule and gubernaculum (ICHUM 5377); C, female body (ICHUM 5493); D, female head (ICHUM 5493); E, female posterior region (ICHUM 5493); F, vaginal region (ICHUM 5493). Scale bars: A, B, 10 µm; C, 500 µm; D, 20 µm; E, F, 100 µm.
Fig. 2 in Two New Species of Free-living Marine Nematodes (Nematoda: Axonolaimidae and Tripyloididae) from the Coast of Antarctica
Fig. 2. Odontophora odontophoroides sp. nov. A, B, E–J, differential interference contrast photomicrographs; C, D, SEM images. A, inner view of head (holotype); B, amphid and odontia (holotype); C, mouth opening with odontia (non-type male); D, amphidial aperture (nontype male); E, distal end of spicule with spine-like structures (holotype); F, ventral view of left spicule (white arrowheads) and gubernacula (black arrowheads) (dissected non-type); G, gubernaculum (holotype); H, precloacal pore (holotype); I, precloacal supplement (black arrowhead) (holotype); J, contents of testis (holotype); K, sperms in seminal vesicle (holotype). Scale bars: A–G, J, K, 10 µm; H, I, 5 µm.
Fig. 4 in Two New Species of Free-living Marine Nematodes (Nematoda: Axonolaimidae and Tripyloididae) from the Coast of Antarctica
Fig. 4. Parabathylaimus jare sp. nov. A, male body (holotype); B, male anterior region (holotype); C, male head, dorso-lateral view (holotype); D, male head, lateral view (ICHUM 5377); E, male posterior region (holotype); F, male posterior region (ICHUM 5377); G, spicule and gubernaculum (holotype). Abbreviations: a.t., anterior testis; s.v., seminal vesicle; v.d., vas deferens. Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B, E, F, 100 µm; C, D, 20 µm; G, 10 µm.
Fig. 1 in Two New Species of Free-living Marine Nematodes (Nematoda: Axonolaimidae and Tripyloididae) from the Coast of Antarctica
Fig. 1. Odontophora odontophoroides sp. nov. A, male body (holotype); B, male anterior region (holotype); C, male head with closed mouth (holotype); D, male posterior region (holotype); E, male genital apparatus (holotype); F, G, spicule and gubernaculum (ICHUM 5486 and 5488, respectively). Abbreviations: a.t., anterior testis; e.g., ejaculatory glands; p.p., precloacal pore; p.s., precloacal supplement; p.t., posterior testis; s.v., seminal vesicle; v.d., vas deferens. Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B, D, 100 µm; C, 20 µm; E–G, 10 µm.
Fig. 1. A in Some New Records Of Marine Gastropod From The Iraqi Coast
Fig. 1. A — Turritella cochlea Reeve, 1849; B — Rhinoclavis fasciata (Bruguière, 1792); C — Semiricinula
Figs 22–27 in Two new marine species of Cocconeis (Bacillariophyceae) from the west coast of Sweden
Figs 22–27. SEM images of C. magnoareolata Al-Handal, Riaux-Gob., R.Jahn & A.K.Wulff sp. nov. (BGBM, slide B 40 0043104). 22, 25–26. External view of the outline and stria density of the RV. 23–24. Internal view of the RV exhibiting the slightly raised central area and the submarginal rim. 27. Enlarged part of the external face of raphe valve showing RV hymenes with a row of short marginal slits (arrow).
Figs 16–21 in Two new marine species of Cocconeis (Bacillariophyceae) from the west coast of Sweden
Figs 16–21. SEM images of C. magnoareolata Al-Handal, Riaux-Gob., R.Jahn & A.K.Wulff sp. nov. (BGBM, slide B 40 0043104). 16. Internal view of the SV. 17-18. External view of the SV, showing subquadrangular areolae. 19. Hymenes of the SV arranged as slits on the margin of the areolae (arrows). 20. Abvalvar side of the SV valvocopulae with short fimbriae (arrow). 21. Open valvocopulae of the SV with numerous serrate fimbriae.
Figs 10–15 in Two new marine species of Cocconeis (Bacillariophyceae) from the west coast of Sweden
Figs 10–15. SEM images of Cocconeis vrangoensis Al-Handal & Riaux-Gob. sp. nov. (BGBM, slide B 40 0043105). 10–12. SV. 13–15. Internal side of the RV, showing variations in valves size and outline. Scale bar: 10 µm.
Figs 37–45 in Two new marine species of Cocconeis (Bacillariophyceae) from the west coast of Sweden
Figs 37–45. SEM images of C. vrangoensis Al-Handal & Riaux-Gob. sp. nov. (BGBM, slide B 40 0043105). 37–39. External RV side showing uniseriate striae on valve face and bi- to triseriate striae on valve margin, as well as variation in valve outline, arrow on Fig. 36 points to the marginal hyaline area. 40–42. Internal RV side showing submarginal rim and marginal areolae, arrow on Fig. 41 points to the folded mantle. 43. Areolae with radiate marginal perforations of the hymens (arrow). 44. Abvalvar side of the valvocopulae showing shape of fimbriae, with intervalary short fimbriae (arrow). 45. Enlarged part of the abvalvar side of the valvocopula with an oblong papillae (arrow).
Figs 2–9 in Two new marine species of Cocconeis (Bacillariophyceae) from the west coast of Sweden
Figs 2–9. LM images. 2–4. RV of C. magnoareolata Al-Handal, Riaux-Gob., R.Jahn & A.K.Wulff sp. nov., showing variations in size and valve outline (BGBM, slide B 40 0043104). 5–7. SV of C. magnoareolata sp. nov. (BGBM, slide B 40 0043104). 8–9. SV and RV of C. arenicola Ryznik (ANSP, slide no. 62634). Scale bars: 10 µm.
Figs 28–36 in Two new marine species of Cocconeis (Bacillariophyceae) from the west coast of Sweden
Figs 28–36. SEM images of C. vrangoensis Al-Handal & Riaux-Gob. sp. nov. (BGBM, slide B 40 0043105). 28–29. Internal view of the SV. 30. External view of the SV. 31. Enlarged section of the marginal part of showing areola structure. 32. Areolae occluded by hymenes, internal side. 33. Radial arrangement of areolae, external side. 34. Advalvar side of the valvocopula showing shape of fimbria. 35. Abvalvar side of valvocopula. 36. Closed and strong valvocopula with fimbriae.
Fig. 1 in Two new marine species of Cocconeis (Bacillariophyceae) from the west coast of Sweden
Fig. 1. Map of the west coast of Sweden and location of sampling site, Vrångö Island (black circle).
Fig. 2 in Re-description of two marine sponge species (Demospongiae: Haplosclerida) from the coast of Karachi, Pakistan, Northern Arabian Sea
Fig. 2 — (a) Specimen of Haliclona (Soestella) hornelli (Dendy, 1916) in a rock pool, (b) Preserved specimen of H. (S.) hornelli, (c) Light microscopic image of internal skeletal structure, (d) Scanning electron microscopic image of oxeas (scale = 20 µm), (e) Histological section of ectosomal and choanosomal skeleton (scale = 500 µm), and (f) Spicules (oxeas) in tangential section
Fig. 3 in Re-description of two marine sponge species (Demospongiae: Haplosclerida) from the coast of Karachi, Pakistan, Northern Arabian Sea
Fig. 3 — (a) Specimen of Callyspongia (Cladochalina) fibrosa (Ridley and Dendy, 1886), (b) Light microscopic image of tangential skeleton shows tufted spongin network (scale = 20 µm), (c) Light microscopic image of microtome-section showing spiculo-fibres, and (d) Scanning electron microscopic image of siliceous spicules (scale = 5 µm)
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.