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4 results for “marine fish species richness”

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dryad36/100

Widespread sympatry in a species-rich clade of marine fishes (Carangoidei)

<p>A universal paradigm describing patterns of speciation across the tree of life has been debated for decades. In marine organisms, patterns of speciation are largely unknown due to the deficiency of species-level phylogenies and information on species' distributions, as well as conflicting relationships between species' dispersal, range size and co-occurrence. Most research on global patterns of marine fish speciation has focused on coral reef or pelagic species. Carangoidei is an ecologically important clade of marine fishes that utilize both coral reef and pelagic environments. We used sequence capture of 1314 ultraconserved elements (UCEs) from 154 taxa to generate a phylogeny of Carangoidei and its parent clade, Carangiformes. Age-range correlation analyses of the geographic distributions and divergence times of sister species pairs reveal widespread sympatry, with 73% of sister species pairs exhibiting a sympatric geographic distribution, regardless of node age, and most species pairs co-existing across large portions of their ranges. We also observe greater disparity in body size and water column depth utilization between sympatric than allopatric sister species. These and other ecological or behavioral attributes likely facilitate sympatry among the most closely related carangoids.</p>

opencc-zeroOct 2023View details →
dryad36/100

Widespread sympatry in a species-rich clade of marine fishes (Carangoidei)

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publicOct 2023View details →
dryad32/100

Alternating regimes of shallow and deep-sea diversification explain a species-richness paradox in marine fishes

<p>The deep sea contains a surprising diversity of life, including iconic fish groups such as anglerfishes and lanternfishes. Still, <span class="ins cts-1">&gt; 65%</span><span class="del cts-1"></span> of marine teleost fish species are restricted to the photic zone &lt; 200 m, which comprises less than 10% of the ocean's total volume. From a macroevolutionary perspective, this paradox may be explained by three hypotheses: 1) shallow-water lineages have had more time to diversify than <span class="PI"></span>deep-sea<span class="PI"></span> lineages, 2) shallow-water lineages have faster rates of speciation than <span class="PI"></span>deep-sea<span class="PI"></span> lineages, or 3) <span class="PI"></span>shallow-to-deep sea transition rates limit <span class="PI"></span>deep-sea<span class="PI"></span> richness. Here we use phylogenetic comparative methods to test among these three non<span class="ins cts-1">-</span>mutually exclusive hypotheses. While we found support for all hypotheses, the disparity in species richness is better described as the uneven outcome of alternating phases that favored shallow or deep diversification over the past 200 million y. Shallow marine teleosts became incredibly diverse 100 <span class="del cts-1">million years</span><span class="del cts-1"> ago</span> during a period of warm temperatures and high sea level, suggesting the importance of reefs and epicontinental settings. Conversely, <span class="PI"></span>deep-sea<span class="PI"></span> colonization and speciation were favored during brief episodes when cooling temperatures increased the efficiency of the ocean's carbon pump. Finally, <span class="PI"></span>time-variable<span class="PI"></span> ecological <span class="PI"></span>filters limited shallow-to-deep colonization for much of teleost history, which helped maintain higher shallow richness. A pelagic lifestyle and large jaws were associated with early <span class="PI"></span>deep-sea<span class="PI"></span> colonists, while a demersal lifestyle and a tapered body plan were typical of later colonists. Therefore, we also suggest that some hallmark characteristics of <span class="PI"></span>deep-sea<span class="PI"></span> fishes evolved prior to colonizing the deep sea.</p>

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →
dryad32/100

Alternating regimes of shallow and deep-sea diversification explain a species-richness paradox in marine fishes

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publicOct 2022View details →

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