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23 results for “marine plastic”
Marine plastics alter the organic matter composition of the air-sea boundary layer, with influences on CO2 exchange: a large-scale analysis method to explore future ocean scenarios
<p>Microplastics are substrates for microbial activity and can influence biomass production. This has potentially important implications in the sea-surface microlayer, the marine boundary layer that controls gas exchange with the atmosphere and where biologically produced organic compounds can accumulate. In the present study, we used six large scale mesocosms to simulate future ocean scenarios of high plastic concentration. Each mesocosm was filled with 3 m3 of seawater from the oligotrophic Sea of Crete, in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. A known amount of standard polystyrene microbeads of 30 μm diameter was added to three replicate mesocosms, while maintaining the remaining three as plastic-free controls. Over the course of a 12-day experiment, we explored microbial organic matter dynamics in the sea-surface microlayer in the presence and absence of microplastic contamination of the underlying water. Our study shows that microplastics increased both biomass production and enrichment of carbohydrate-like and proteinaceous marine gel compounds in the sea-surface microlayer. Importantly, this resulted in a 3 % reduction in the concentration of dissolved CO2 in the underlying water. This reduction was associated to both direct and indirect impacts of microplastic pollution on the uptake of CO2 within the marine carbon cycle, by modifying the biogenic composition of the sea's boundary layer with the atmosphere.</p>
SeaPaCS graphic elaboration of the Protocol for marine micro-plastic collection and monitoring in citizen science and for building a L.A.D.I. trawling tool
<p>This is a graphic elaboration (in Italian) of the protocol "SeaPaCS deliverable - protocol for plastic monitoring in citizen science" in English and Italian is a deliverable of the SeaPaCS project (Participatory Citizen Science Against Marine Pollution), funded by IMPETUS (project ID 101058677). The protocol and the visual elaboration has been freely adapted from "<i>LADI and the Trawl</i>" by Coco Coyle with Melissa Novaceski, Emily Wells and Max Liboiron, as published by the Civic Laboratory for Environmental Action Research, August 2016. The graphic elaboration (as the protocol) in both languages, consists of three parts: 1) how to build a DIY low cost manta trawl device (LADI - Low-Tech Aquatic Detection Debris Instrument) to monitor plastic pollution, adjusted to materials availability and costs in Italy; 2) how to monitor (the sampling itself and towing procedure); and 3) how to categorize plastic debris back on land. </p>
DeepPlastic: An Open Source Image Dataset for Epipelagic Marine Plastic Detection
<p>Deep Plastic</p> <ul> <li>Enhanced Object Detection for Epipelagic Plastic.</li> <li>This repository contains source code for the method developed in <a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.01882.pdf">DeepPlastic: Identifying Marine Plastic In The Epipelagic Zone using Computer Vision and Deep Learning</a></li> <li> <p>Information:</p> </li> <li>Paper: [Coming Soon]</li> <li>YouTube video of Results: <a href="https://youtu.be/8zBdFxaK4Os">https://youtu.be/8zBdFxaK4Os</a></li> <li> <p>Object Detection Model</p> </li> <li>Four models: YOLOv4, YOLOv5, MobileSSD, Faster RCNN Inception V2</li> <li>Small efficient and high precision models can be used for real-time object detection.</li> <li>Model architecture and implementation details: <a href="https://arxiv.org/">https://arxiv.org/</a></li> <li>Weights for YOLOv4 and YOLOv5 are provided in the model/ <ul> <li>YOLOv4: best. weights; use <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YOTtZ2cHbqgxHukzLp01OVsUoa2CwwXs/view?usp=sharing">best.weights</a></li> <li>YOLOv5: best.pt; use <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/14mBOhtLrE2d3hudqjwBZmawKAvTF4zxS/view?usp=sharing">best.pt</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <p>Google Colab Links</p> <p>Note: Click on File and Save Copy in Drive. If you try to edit my file it'll ask you for permission and send me an email. Please make your own copy.</p> </li> <li>YOLOv5: <a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1_qzbpBWkNfxQ0ny-DvsKicCeM0aFU4eW?usp=sharing">https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1_qzbpBWkNfxQ0ny-DvsKicCeM0aFU4eW?usp=sharing</a></li> <li> <p>DeepTrash DataSet</p> </li> <li>1900 training images, 637 test images, 637 validation images (60, 20, 20 split)</li> <li>Field images taken from Lake Tahoe, San Francisco Bay and Bodega Bay in CA.</li> <li>Deep Sea images are from JAMSTEK JEDI dataset: <a href="http://www.godac.jamstec.go.jp/">http://www.godac.jamstec.go.jp/</a></li> </ul>
Plastic pollution within "The Gully" Marine Protected Area of the Scotian Shelf, Northwest Atlantic
<p>This dataset contains information on plastic particle densities, characteristics (colour, morphology), size, and polymer types collected from seawater in "The Gully" Marine Protected Area between 1990 and 2019. Also included are the characteristics, sizes, and polymer types of ingested debris removed from the stomachs of two Endangered northern bottlenose whales (<em>Hyperoodon ampullatus</em>) stranded in Canada in 2019 and 2021. These data appear across 4 tabs in a single .xlsx file, connected by a SampleID column. </p> <p>Please see the following publication for full details: </p> <p>Kelly, N.E., Feyrer, L., Gavel, H., Trela, O., Ledwell, W., Breeze, H., Marotte, E.C., McConney, L. and Whitehead, H., 2023. <em>Long term trends in floating plastic pollution within a marine protected area identifies threats for Endangered northern bottlenose whales</em>. Environmental Research, 227, p.115686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2023.115686. </p> <p> </p>
Data from: Removing plastic benefits marine ecosystems: Evidence from four decades of endangered seal entanglement
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Data from: Complex interactions between local adaptation, phenotypic plasticity, and sex affect vulnerability to warming in a widespread marine copepod
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Spatial-temporal growth, distribution, and diffusion of marine microplastic research and national plastic policies
<p>Plastic accounts for 80% of material waste in the ocean. The field of marine microplastic research is relatively new and is growing rapidly, in terms of published papers as well as institutions and countries conducting research. To combat plastic pollution, there is sufficient evidence that policies can lead to reduced plastic production and consumption both locally and globally. We aim to understand how marine plastics research and policies have grown and spread. Specifically, we used scientometric and spatial diffusion methods to best explain how ideas (in this case science and policy) clustered and spread geographically through time. We performed systematic literature searches to determine the spatial and temporal growth of marine microplastic publications and national plastic policies from 1900-2019. We found that more countries adopted national plastic policies than those that have conducted marine plastic research. Doubling times of each temporal growth rate analyzed (research paper, institution, country, and national policy) ranged from 1.1 – 4.05 years. Further, each temporal growth rate had a break point where doubling time changed significantly. Marine microplastic research has grown exponentially since 2006, and the topics of inquiry have increased steadily. Marine microplastic publication spread at the institution level is best explained by a hybrid of expansion and relocation diffusion while national plastic policy spread is best explained by expansion diffusion. Marine microplastic research activity was not a good indicator of a country's resources or motivation toward national plastic policies.</p>
Data from: Adaptation to heat stress reduces phenotypic and transcriptional plasticity in a marine copepod
Organisms may respond to changing environments through phenotypic plasticity or adaptive evolution. These two processes are not mutually exclusive and may either dampen or strengthen each other's effects, depending on the genetic correlation between trait values and the slopes of their norms of reaction. To examine the effect of adaptation to heat stress on the plasticity of heat tolerance, we hybridized populations of the crustacean Tigriopus californicus that show divergent phenotypes for heat tolerance. We then selected for increased heat tolerance in hybrids and measured heat tolerance and the phenotypic plasticity of heat tolerance in both selected lines and unselected controls. To test whether the changes in phenotypic plasticity were associated with changes in the plasticity of gene expression, we also sequenced transcriptomes of selected and unselected lines, both under heat shock and at ambient temperatures. We observed increased heat tolerance in selected lines, but also lower phenotypic and transcriptional plasticity in response to heat stress. The plastic response to heat stress was highly enriched for hydrolytic and catalytic activities, suggesting a prominent role for degradation of misfolded proteins. Our findings have important implications for biological responses to climate change: if adaptation to environmental stress reduces plasticity, then plasticity and adaptive evolution will make overlapping, rather than additive contributions to buffering populations from environmental change.
In a comfort zone and beyond – ecological plasticity of key marine mediators
<p>Copepods of the genus Calanus are the key components of zooplankton. Understanding their response to a changing climate is crucial to predict the functioning of future warmer high-latitude ecosystems. Although specific Calanus species are morphologically very similar, they have different life strategies and roles in ecosystems. In this study, C. finmarchicus and C. glacialis were thoroughly studied with regard to their plasticity in morphology and ecology both in their preferred original water mass (Atlantic vs. Arctic side of the Polar Front) and in suboptimal conditions (due to, e.g., temperature, turbidity, and competition in Hornsund fjord). Our observations show that 'at the same place and time', both species can reach different sizes, take on different pigmentation, be in different states of population development, utilize different reproductive vs. lipid accumulation strategies, and thrive on different foods. Size was proven to be a very mutable morphological trait, especially with regard to reduced length of C. glacialis. Both species exhibited pronounced red pigmentation when inhabiting their preferred water mass. In other domains, C. finmarchicus individuals tended to be paler than C. glacialis individuals. Gonad maturation and population development indicated mixed reproductive strategies, although a surprisingly similar population age structure of the two co-occurring species in the fjord was observed. Lipid accumulation was high and not species-specific, and its variability was due to diet differences of the populations. According to the stable isotope composition, both species had a more herbivorous diatom-based diet in their original water masses. While the diet of C. glacialis was rather consistent among the domains studied, C. finmarchicus exhibited much higher variability in its feeding history (based on lipid composition). Our results show that the plasticity of both Calanus species is indeed impressive and may be regulated differently, depending on whether they live in their 'comfort zone' or beyond it.</p>
Supporting data and code for "A new look at the potential role of marine plastic debris as a global vector of toxic benthic algae".
<p>R code and dataset for: Leite I.P., Menegotto A., Lana P.C. & Mafra Jr LL. 2022. A new look at the potential role of marine plastic debris as a global vector of toxic benthic algae. Science of the Total Environment, 838, 156262.</p>
Data and code for: Heat tolerance and its plasticity in freshwater and marine fishes are linked to their thermal regimes (v0.1).
<p>Data and code for: Heat tolerance and its plasticity in freshwater and marine fishes are linked to their thermal regimes (v0.1).</p>
Negative relationship between thermal tolerance and plasticity in tolerance emerges during experimental evolution in a widespread marine invertebrate
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Whether populations can adapt to predicted climate change conditions, and how rapidly, are critical questions for the management of natural systems. Experimental evolution has become an important tool to answer these questions. In order to provide useful, realistic insights into the adaptive response of populations to climate change, there needs to be careful consideration of how genetic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity interact to generate observed phenotypic changes. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>We exposed three populations of the widespread copepod <i>Acartia tonsa </i>(Crustacea) to chronic, sub-lethal temperature selection for 15 generations. We generated thermal survivorship curves at regular intervals both during and after this period of selection to track the evolution of thermal tolerance. Using reciprocal transplants between ambient and warming conditions, we also tracked changes in the strength of phenotypic plasticity in thermal tolerance. We observed significant increases in thermal tolerance in the warming lineages, while plasticity in thermal tolerance was strongly reduced. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Mapping Marine Plastic Pollution
<p>This dataset contains images of plastic objects placed over coastal areas. This is the organization of the folders:</p> <ul> <li>Source data (ASC and TIFF) / Simulated data (DART): Simulations built on the Discrete Anisotropic Radiative Transfer (DART) model using spectral databases provided by Garaba and Dierssen (doi:10.21232/C27H34, doi:10.21232/r7gg- yv83 and doi:10.21232/ex5j-0z25)</li> <li>Source data (ASC and TIFF) / Observed data (USGS): Clippings on regions of interest of images acquired in PLPs 2019 (https://zenodo.org/record/3752719) and 2021 (https://zenodo.org/ record/7085112) atmospherically corrected by the Acolite algorithm (https://github.com/acolite/acolite/releases/tag/20220222.0);</li> <li>Compiled datasets (CSVs): Source data compiled by Python script available at https://github.com/ufrgs-rescue/plastic_map</li> </ul>
Negative relationship between thermal tolerance and plasticity in tolerance emerges during experimental evolution in a widespread marine invertebrate
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Data from: Adaptation to heat stress reduces phenotypic and transcriptional plasticity in a marine copepod
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Spatial-temporal growth, distribution, and diffusion of marine microplastic research and national plastic policies
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Data from: Marine plastic pollution in waters around Australia: characteristics, concentrations, and pathways
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In a comfort zone and beyond – ecological plasticity of key marine mediators
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Plastic adjustments of biparental care behaviour across embryonic development under elevated temperature in a marine ectotherm
<p>Phenotypic plasticity in parental care investment allows organisms to promptly respond to rapid environmental changes by potentially benefiting offspring survival and thus parental fitness. To date, a knowledge gap exists on whether plasticity in parental care behaviours can mediate responses to climate change in marine ectotherms. Here, we assessed the plasticity of parental care investment under elevated temperatures in a gonochoric marine annelid with bi-parental care, Ophryotrocha labronica, and investigated its role in maintaining the reproductive success of this species in a warming ocean. We measured the time individuals spent carrying out parental care activities across three phases of embryonic development, as well as the hatching success of the offspring as a proxy for reproductive success, at control (24°C) and elevated (27°C) temperature conditions. Under elevated temperature we observed: (i) a significant decrease in total parental care activity, underpinned by a decreased in male and simultaneous parental care activity, in the late stage of embryonic development; and ii) a reduction of hatching success, that was however not significantly related to changes in parental-care activity levels. These findings, along with the observed unaltered somatic growth of parents and decreased brood size, suggest that potential cost-benefit trade-offs between offspring survival (i.e. immediate fitness) and parents somatic condition (i.e. longer-term fitness potential) may occur under ongoing ocean warming. Finally, our results suggest that plasticity in parental care behaviour is a mechanism able to partially mitigate the negative effects of temperature-dependent impacts.</p>
Data from: Plasticity predicts evolution in a marine alga
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.