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F I G U R E 3 in Estimating multiple years, tributary-specific, and overall Atlantic salmon smolt abundance in a large Canadian catchment using capture-mark-recapture experiments

F I G U R E 3 (a) Posterior distribution of the difference between the true value and posterior distribution estimates (in percentage of the true value) of annual total smolt abundance obtained from DM (Dirichlet-multinomial) model M5 (simulation exercise). Each line is a year, and the 10 (one for each replicate) distributions are overlaid. The overall average difference is indicated in the left corner of the panel and represented by a red dashed vertical line. (b) C.V. of the posterior distributions of total abundance obtained from DM model M5. Each blue dot corresponds to the C.V. of a unique year/replicate, and each dashed blue horizontal line corresponds to the average C.V. of a replicate across years. The average C.V. across years and replicates (red dashed line) is also indicated in the top-right corner of the panel.

F I G U R E 4 in Estimating multiple years, tributary-specific, and overall Atlantic salmon smolt abundance in a large Canadian catchment using capture-mark-recapture experiments

F I G U R E 4 (a–c) Posterior distribution of the relative contribution of the smolt abundance associated with each upstream rotary screw trap (RST) and (d) posterior distribution of the relative contribution of the "rest" of the smolt abundance in relation to the total abundance for the DM (Dirichletmultinomial) model M5 (simulation exercise). The red dots correspond to the true values in the simulated dataset.

F I G U R E 1 in Estimating multiple years, tributary-specific, and overall Atlantic salmon smolt abundance in a large Canadian catchment using capture-mark-recapture experiments

F I G U R E 1 Restigouche River catchment map with main streams and lakes. Red dots indicate the location of the rotary screw traps (RST). Black polygons indicate subcatchments draining into upstream RSTs. Top-right panels: zoom on the location of the two downstream RSTs and example of a smolt with a streamer tag. Photo credit: Marie-Camille St-Amour.

F I G U R E 5 in Estimating multiple years, tributary-specific, and overall Atlantic salmon smolt abundance in a large Canadian catchment using capture-mark-recapture experiments

F I G U R E 5 (left panels, a–e) Posterior distributions of the estimated annual catchability θt,k at each rotary screw trap (RST), (middle panels, f– h) posterior distributions of the annual smolt abundance estimates associated with each upstream RST (Nmt,i), (i) the total smolt abundance for the Restigouche catchment (Nmtot), and (right panels, j–m) posterior distributions of the annual relative proportions of the total smolt abundance t of the Restigouche catchment estimated for each upstream RST and for the unsampled areas (rest, bottom-right panel) using the Restigouche dataset. In the catchability panels (a–e), the dashed gray line is the median, and the light and dark gray areas indicate the 2.5th–97.5th and 25th– 75th interquantile ranges, respectively, of the hyperparameter μθ, that is, the average catchability of each RST of the time series. In the relative k proportions panels (f–i) the thick dashed colored line in the top three panels indicates the average proportion of the total catchment abundance estimated at the upstream RST. The thick dashed gray lines indicate the proportions of the Restigouche catchment wetted areas of the subbasins sampled at the upstream RST(j–l) and the wetted area for the remainder of the Restigouche catchment not sampled by any upstream RST (m); the proportions for the rest of the catchment area change over years based on the specific upstream RSTs that operated in a given year. For all panels, the colored dot is the median, and the thin and thick vertical segments indicate the 2.5th–97.5th and 25th–75th interquantile ranges, respectively.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2022View details →

Supplementary Material 1: Original dataset collected during the tracking and mark-release-recapture study and R script used to analyse the data

The original dataset collected in northern Serbia during butterfly behavioural study on two species, Phengaris teleius and Polyommatus icarus. The dataset is provided in two separate CSV files for mark-release-recapture study and for butterfly tracking study. In addition, R script used to preopare the dataset and fit the models is given.

dryad40/100

Multi-surveyor capture-mark-recapture as a powerful tool for butterfly population monitoring in the pre-imaginal stage

For many elusive insect species, which are difficult to cover by standard monitoring schemes, innovative survey methods are needed to gain robust data on abundance and population trends. The recording of pre-imaginal butterfly life stages provides great potential for ecological studies and conservation monitoring. However, using counts of pre-imaginal stages for quantitative research requires detection probability to be determined. We tested different removal and capture-mark-recapture (CMR) approaches to determine the detection probability for overwintering larvae of the endangered nymphalid butterfly Limenitis reducta. Classical removal and CMR studies require movement of the organisms under study but in our approach, we replaced movement of the study organisms by random movement of multiple different surveyors. The study was conducted in three plots within a spruce clear-cut in the 'Alb-Donau' region, Germany. Our dataset provides detection data of nine/ten different surveyors per study plot. The surveyors differed in their experience ('experts' vs. 'novices'). In the R-scripts we present the analysis of the data using i) the removal method, ii) CMR approaches with varying personnel expenditure. In addition, we test the validity of our method by comparing observed and simulated detection frequencies. The results of our study indicate that multi-surveyor removal/CMR techniques are highly suitable for estimating abundance of overwintering L. reducta larvae and that the proposed methodology has several strengths: long survey period, estimates of the absolute population size accompanied by uncertainty measures, estimates of overwinter mortality. The methods from our study can be adapted and used for several different butterfly species, other insect taxa with specific immobile life-stages, and some sessile organisms, e.g. elusive plants, fungi, or corals.

opencc-zeroJul 2022View details →

dryad40/100

Evaluating the suitability of close-kin mark-recapture as a demographic modelling tool for a critically endangered elasmobranch population

Estimating the demographic parameters of contemporary populations is essential to the success of elasmobranch conservation programmes, and to understanding their recent evolutionary history. For benthic elasmobranchs such as skates, traditional fisheries-independent approaches are often unsuitable as the data may be subject to various sources of bias, whilst low recapture rates can render mark-recapture programmes ineffectual. Close-kin mark-recapture (CKMR), a novel demographic modelling approach based on the genetic identification of close relatives within a sample, represents a promising alternative approach as it does not require physical recaptures. We evaluated the suitability of CKMR as a demographic modelling tool for the critically endangered blue skate (Dipturus batis) in the Celtic Sea using samples collected during fisheries-dependent trammel-net surveys that ran from 2011 to 2017. We identified three full-sibling and 16 half-sibling pairs among 662 skates, which were genotyped across 6,291 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 15 of which were cross-cohort half-sibling pairs that were included in a CKMR model. Despite limitations owing to a lack of validated life-history trait parameters for the species, we produced the first estimates of adult breeding abundance, population growth rate, and annual adult survival rate for D. batis in the Celtic Sea. The results were compared to estimates of genetic diversity, effective population size (Ne), and catch per unit effort (CPUE) estimates from the trammel-net survey. Although each method was characterised by wide uncertainty bounds, together they suggested a stable population size across the time-series. Recommendations for the implementation of CKMR as a conservation tool for data-limited elasmobranchs are discussed. In addition, the spatio-temporal distribution of the 19 sibling pairs revealed a pattern of site-fidelity in D. batis, and supported field observations suggesting an area of critical habitat that could qualify for protection might occur near the Isles of Scilly.

opencc-zeroSep 2022View details →

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2017View details →

Figure 2 in Mark-Release-Recapture Experiments on the Effectiveness of Methyl Eugenol-Spinosad Male Annihilation Technique Against an Invading Population of Bactrocera dorsalis

Figure 2. Visual representation of the MAT-ME saturation hypothesis. Darker areas represent higher concentrations of attractant odor in the air column, represented from above. (A) A single sentinel trap baited with 6 ml of methyl eugenol under control conditions. A release of males around the center of the area would lead some of the males to find the plume and successfully follow it to the trap for capture. (B) A single sentinel trap with some MAT-ME spots (low rate). More attractant is available, but gradients to point sources are still clear; note that the MAT-ME spots have a lower overall concentration at the source. (C) A single sentinel trap with a high density of MAT-ME spots. A haze of attractant exists, making gradients shorter. The sentinel trap is still about as effective as before due to higher final concentration, but the less concentrated MAT-ME spots are harder to find.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2017View details →

Figure 1 in Mark-Release-Recapture Experiments on the Effectiveness of Methyl Eugenol-Spinosad Male Annihilation Technique Against an Invading Population of Bactrocera dorsalis

Figure 1. Mean proportion recaptured by treatment. Whiskers indicate standard errors. Letters indicate statistically significant differences at α = 0.05 via two-sample z-test (see text for details)

Fig. 12 in A Mark-Recapture Study Of A Dog-Faced Water Snake Cerberus Schneiderii (Colubridae: Homalopsidae) Population In Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve, Singapore

Fig. 12. Locations of Cerberus schneiderii individuals with PIT tags: a, #680A445; b, #680A2C9; c, #680A377; and d, #680CAD9. Each position was based on the GPS coordinates recorded from each capture. Number denotes the month of capture (i.e., 1=Jan., 2=Feb., 3=Mar., etc.).

Fig. 11 in A Mark-Recapture Study Of A Dog-Faced Water Snake Cerberus Schneiderii (Colubridae: Homalopsidae) Population In Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve, Singapore

Fig. 11. Locations of Cerberus schneiderii individuals with PIT tags: a, #6899BFE; b, #6328212; c, #682D1CF; and d, #680C298. Each position was based on the GPS coordinates recorded from each capture. Number denotes the month of capture (i.e., 1=Jan., 2=Feb.,

Fig. 10 in A Mark-Recapture Study Of A Dog-Faced Water Snake Cerberus Schneiderii (Colubridae: Homalopsidae) Population In Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve, Singapore

Fig. 10. Cerberus schneiderii. Percentage frequency of displacement distance, which was calculated as the shortest distance between two locations that an individual was captured and recaptured.

Fig. 6 in A Mark-Recapture Study Of A Dog-Faced Water Snake Cerberus Schneiderii (Colubridae: Homalopsidae) Population In Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve, Singapore

Fig. 6. Cerberus schneiderii. Scatterplots and fitted regression lines of: a, body mass; b, tail length; and c, head width against snout-vent length (SVL) for males (O, solid line) and females (+, dashed line). Variables were log10-transformed.