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41 results for “mass mortality”
Mass mortality among colony-breeding seabirds in the German Wadden Sea in 2022 due to distinct genotypes of HPAIV H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b: data sets on phylogeographic analyses
<p>Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) of clade 2.3.4.4b of the H5 goose/Guangdong (gs/GD) lineage have repeatedly emerged in Germany since 2016. Both poultry holdings and wild birds have been heavily hit but the 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 HPAI winter seasons exceeded all previously recorded epizootics in Germany in terms of number of wild bird cases recorded, genetic diversity of viruses, and duration of virus activity. In past seasons regional massing of wild bird cases were seen at the German coasts of the Baltic and North Sea, but species mainly affected varied from season to season. In 2022 a new and, in Europe, unprecedented aspect was observed when several cormorant and seabird breeding colonies became affected since May at the Baltic Sea coast and in the Wadden Sea, respectively by HPAI H5N1 viruses.</p> <p> </p>
Datasets used on the analysis of Mediterranean Mass mortality events during the 2015-2019 period
<p>This upload contains three datasets in CSV files and a PDF file with the specific description of the CSV files. These data was used for the analysis of the mass mortality events reported during the period 2015-2019 across the Mediterranean.</p> <p>The datasets are 1) a CSV file with the data used for the description of the spatial-temporal, depth and biological patterns of mortality observed in the Mediterranean Sea in the 2015-2019 period; 2) a CSV file with the data used to conduct the analyses on the relationship between marine heatwaves (MHW) days found on the surface (averaged per monitored area and year) and the corresponding mass mortality incidence of benthic organisms; 3) a CSV file with the data used to conduct the analyses on the relationship between in-situ MHW days (averaged per monitored area, depth and year) and the corresponding mass mortality incidence. </p> <p>Data were obtained through benthic community field surveys conducted by 33 research teams from 11 Mediterranean countries. Surveys covered thousands of kms of coastline, spanning 13º of latitude (32 °S to 45 °N) and 40º of longitude (-5°W to 35°E) in the Mediterranean Sea. The dataset provides the most updated inventory of mass mortality events records for benthic species between 2015-2019 in the region. The surveys were conducted in 142 monitoring areas. Monitoring areas were considered as geographic areas (10-25 km coastline, e.g., a marine protected area and the nearby coast) sharing common environmental features. </p> <p>In situ temperature conditions datasets base consists of high frequency (hourly) time series obtained using HOBO data loggers (accuracy ± 0.21°C) set-up at standard depths along rocky walls by divers, generally every 5 m from the surface to 40 m depth.This dataset as in the case of the mortality was assembled under the T-MEDNet initiative (<a href="http://www.t-mednet.org/">www.t-mednet.org</a>).</p> <p>Satellite derived sea surface temperature (SST) across the Mediterranean Sea was obtained from CMEMS (https://resources.marine.copernicus.eu/?option=com_csw&view=details&product_id=SST_MED_SST_L4_REP_OBSERVATIONS_010_021). The data consists of daily (night-time), gap free, optimally interpolated foundation SST at ~4 km resolution from AVHRR with improved accuracy and stability over the 1982-2019 period</p>
Data from: Local environment and coral composition affect recovery and determine long-term coral responses to recurrent mass mortalities in the Lakshadweep Archipelago
<p>A quarter century after the first global coral bleaching event in 1998, reports differ on the relative importance of anthropogenic influences, local environment and bleaching recurrence in determining the resilience of coral reefs. While life history traits largely determine how corals respond to temperature anomalies, it is unclear if these traits also determine how corals fare over time. From 1998 to 2022, we tracked compositional changes in reefs across the Lakshadweep Archipelago to explore how global El Niño events, and local environment (wave climate and depth) influenced coral responses to repeated mass bleaching. From the 1998 to the 2016 bleaching event, the magnitude of coral mortality reduced overall, particularly at deeper reefs (shallow: -38% to -3%; deep: -18% to -0.45%). Post-bleaching recovery correlated positively with higher wave exposure, linked to the creation of stable structures for coral settlement and survival. Across bleaching phases, recovery was initially slow (6-7 years post-mortality), but, given time, showed a much steeper increase, led by space-occupying genera like <em>Acropora</em>. However, recurring mass bleaching maintained coral cover low (~15% across all sites). These broad trends mask dynamic compositional patterns. Genera such as <em>Porites</em>, <em>Pocillopora</em>, and <em>Favia</em> declined less through time compared to <em>Acanthastrea</em>, <em>Turbinaria</em>, <em>Psammocora</em> and <em>Plesiastrea </em>among others. We identified six community clusters that describe contrasting long-term responses to local and global factors, mediated by depth and wave exposure. Interestingly, genera with different functional traits cluster together indicating that bleaching susceptibility interacts with depth and exposure, creating a spatial mosaic of coral assemblages. These clusters serve as a predictive, site-specific framework to understand the dynamically shifting but declining assemblage of Lakshadweep reefs. While local management could help maintain this changing composition, urgent global action is needed to secure the long-term ecological integrity of tropical reefs.</p>
Data from: Local environment and coral composition affect recovery and determine long-term coral responses to recurrent mass mortalities in the Lakshadweep Archipelago
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Disease-driven mass mortality event leads to widespread extirpation and variable recovery potential of a marine predator across the eastern Pacific
<p>The prevalence of disease-driven mass mortality events is increasing, but our understanding of spatial variation in their magnitude, timing, and triggers are often poorly resolved. Here, we use a novel range-wide dataset comprised of 48,810 surveys to quantify how Sea Star Wasting Disease affected <i>Pycnopodia</i> <i>helianthoides</i>, the sunflower sea star, across its range from Baja California, Mexico to the Aleutian Islands, USA. We found that the outbreak occurred more rapidly, killed a greater percentage of the population, and left fewer survivors in the southern half of the species' range. <i>Pycnopodia</i> now appears to be functionally extinct (> 99.2% declines) from Baja California, Mexico to Cape Flattery, Washington, USA and exhibited severe declines (> 87.8%) from the Salish Sea to the Gulf of Alaska. The importance of temperature in predicting <i>Pycnopodia</i> distribution rose 450% after the outbreak, suggesting these latitudinal gradients may stem from an interaction between disease severity and warmer waters. We found no evidence of population recovery in the years since the outbreak. Natural recovery in the southern half of the range is unlikely over the short-term and assisted recovery will likely be required for recovery in the southern half of the range on ecologically-relevant time scales.</p>
Episodes of high recruitment buffer against climate-driven mass mortality events in a North Pacific seabird population
<p>Longitudinal studies of marked animals provide an opportunity to assess the relative contributions of survival and reproductive output to population dynamics and change. Cassin's auklets are a long-lived seabird that maximizes annual reproductive effort in resource-rich years through a behavior called double brooding, the initiation of a second breeding attempt following the success of the first during the same season. Our objective was to explore whether double brooding influenced population change by contributing a greater number of future recruits. We fit temporal symmetry models to 32-years of mark-recapture data of Cassin's auklets to infer the mechanisms underlying the observed variability in per capita recruitment rates. We found that periodic peaks in recruitment were explained by an increase in available nest sites, the proportion of the population double brooding 4 years prior, and spring upwelling conditions. Estimates of population change suggests a relatively stable population throughout the time series, attributable to a "floating" demographic class of sexually mature individuals excluded from breeding by competition which quickly fill vacant sites following periods of low adult survival. Our results highlight the importance of recruitment in maintaining the population of a long-lived seabird periodically impacted by adverse environmental conditions. </p>
Figure 1 in Short Communication Mass mortality of Giant Water Bug Lethocerus indicus (Lepeletiler & Serville, 1825) [Heteroptera: Belostomatidae] in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala State, South India
Figure 1. The dead specimens of Lethocerus indicus (Lepeletiler & Serville, 1825).
Data from: Mortality and morphology in egg masses of unisexual and Jefferson Salamanders
<p><span>Unisexual <i>Ambystoma </i>salamander egg masses have often been observed to exhibit very high rates of embryo mortality. The ecological consequences and underlying mechanisms are of great concern to researchers and managers studying these and other members of the species complex, all of which are listed as rare species throughout much of their range. Substantial embryo mortality is commonly used by field ecologists as an indicator that unisexual salamanders are present in a pond; egg masses of unisexual salamanders appear otherwise very similar to those of <i>A. jeffersonianum</i> (Jefferson Salamander). Early researchers suggested that elevated mortality among unisexual salamanders was due to lack of fertilization caused by sperm limitation. However, recent work has suggested that embryo failure is due to genetic errors particular to the unisexual salamander lineage. Our goals in this study were to (1) identify when during development embryonic mortality occurs in unisexual salamanders, and (2) to develop a morphological metric to distinguish egg masses of unisexual and Jefferson salamanders. Collecting from sites across western Massachusetts, we reared 356 eggs from 11 egg masses of known species identity in the laboratory, examined field photographs of 96 egg masses of known species identity (based on mitochondrial sequencing and 6 microsatellite alleles), and examined 757 field photographs of egg masses of unknown species identity. We developed a simple, scale-independent metric to distinguish Jefferson Salamander egg masses from those of co-occurring unisexual salamanders. Among developing embryos beyond the earliest stages, we found no difference in mortality rates between unisexual salamanders and Jefferson Salamanders. However, we observed a large pulse of embryo mortality in the earliest stages of development, followed by a trickle of additional mortality at later stages. Our results suggest that the primary cause of embryo mortality in Massachusetts populations of unisexual salamanders involves failure of embryos to initiate development.</span></p>
Data for Sea urchin mass mortalities 40 years apart further threaten Caribbean coral reefs
<p>In 1983-1984, a mass mortality caused a Caribbean-wide, >95% population reduction of the echinoid grazer, Diadema antillarum. This led to blooms of algae contributing to the devastation of scleractinian coral populations. Since then, D. antillarum exhibited only limited and patchy population recovery in shallow water, and in 2022 was struck by a second mass mortality reported over many regions in the Caribbean. Half a century of time-series analyses of populations of this sea urchin from St. John, US Virgin Islands, reveal that the 2022 event has reduced population densities by 98.00% compared to 2021, and by 99.96% compared to 1983. In 2021, coral cover throughout the Caribbean was approaching the lowest values recorded in modern times. However, prior to 2022, locations with small aggregations of D. antillarum produced grazing halos in which weedy corals were able to successfully recruit and become the dominant coral taxa. The 2022 mortality has eliminated these halos on St. John and perhaps many other regions, thereby increasing the risk that these reefs will further transition into coral-free communities.</p>
Experimental manipulation of scavenger and herbivore functional role and their effects on plant communities following mass mortality events
<p>We designed an experiment to measure the relative importance of bottom-up forces (nutrient addition) and top-down forces (impairment of obligate scavenger and herbivore functional roles) generated by experimental carrion deployment to simulate mass mortality events on the local plant community. In our experimental plots, we measured changes in plant functional groups before and for three years after experimental carrion deployment. Additionally, we monitored cherrybark oak (<em>Quercus pagoda</em>) seedlings' growth and survival three years after being transplanted in the experimental plots. </p>
Central obesity, body mass index, metabolic syndrome and mortality in Mediterranean breast cancer patients
<p>Importance: Obesity and metabolic disorders have been associated with an increased risk of cancer and with poorer outcomes in many cohorts of breast cancer (BC) patients, with poor evidence from Mediterranean cohorts. <br> Objective: To investigate the prognostic potential of anthropometric variables, namely body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), as well as Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and its components, in early BC patients living in a Southern Mediterranean region of Italy.<br> Design: Prospective cohort study enrolling consecutive early BC patients who were treated between January 2009 and December 2013 in Southern Italy. Median follow-up was 11.8 years and ended on June 15th 2022. Physicians who measured the study variables were blinded to patient groupings.<br> Setting: Multicenter study enrolling consecutive, early BC patients referred to specialized cancer centers.<br> Participants: A total of 955 early BC patients consecutively treated at the Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, “G. Pascale” and at the Policlinico University Hospital “Federico II”, Naples, Italy, were enrolled. All study subjects provided written informed consent to participate. <br> Intervention(s) (for clinical trials) and exposure (for observational studies): Anthropometric measurements and indices (BMI, hip circumference and WC) were collected. MetS was defined according to NCEP-ATP III criteria. MetS components were categorized as 0, 1-2 or ≥3. <br> Main Outcomes and Measures: Overall survival and BC-specific survival. <br> Results: Mean age was 55.3 years (±12.5 years); 61% of patients were post-menopausal. At the end of follow-up, 208 (22%) patients had died, 131 (14%) of whom from BC. Obesity (BMI≥30 kg/m2) was found in 29% of enrolled patients (14% in pre- and 38% in post-menopause); 24% of patients met the criteria for a diagnosis of MetS (7% in pre- and 36% in post-menopause), whereas 1-2 MetS criteria were found in 53% of patients<br> High WC or WHR were associated with a moderately increased risk of all-cause mortality (WC ≥ 88 cm, HR=1.39, 95%CI: 1.00-1.94; WHR > 0.85, HR=1.62, 95%CI: 1.12-2.37). Furthermore, an increased risk of all-cause mortality was observed with the presence of MetS (HR=1.61, 95%CI: 1.12-2.32). An increased BC-specific mortality risk was found in obese patients (BMI≥30 kg/m2, HR=1.72, 95%CI: 1.06-2.78) and in those with WC ≥88 (HR=1.71, 95%CI: 1.12-2.61). High WHR was also associated with increased risk of BC-specific mortality, both when evaluated as a categorical variable (WHR>0.85, HR=1.80, 95%CI: 1.13-2.86) and as a continuous variable (for each 0.1-U increase in WHR, HR=1.33, 95%CI: 1.08-1.63). The presence of MetS was associated with an 81% increased risk of BC-specific mortality (HR=1.81, 95%CI: 1.51-2.85). <br> These associations varied according to menopausal status. In particular, in pre-menopausal patients higher BMI was associated with an increased risk of both all-cause and BC-specific mortality (HR=1.43 and HR=1.58, respectively). In post-menopausal women an increased risk of all-cause mortality was found only in the presence of ≥3 MetS components (HR=2.77, 95%CI: 1.09-7.06). The associations among anthropometric variables and all-cause and BC-specific mortality also varied according to BC subtype. Triple negative BC was the only disease subtype that wasn’t independently associated with BMI, WC, WHR or MetS or all-cause and BC-specific mortality.<br> Conclusions and Relevance: Central obesity and metabolic disorders result in a highly increased risk of BC death. The magnitude of this effect suggests that obesity may nullify the benefit of effective BC therapies. Active lifestyle interventions to maintain optimal body weight and to prevent MetS should be recommended for several expected beneficial effects, including a potential reduction in BC-specific mortality.</p>
Dataset and images illustrating the 2022 gorgonian mass mortality event in the Calanques National Park
<p><strong>gorgonian_population_2012.JPG</strong>: A healthy gorgonian population in the Calanques National Park in 2012</p> <p><strong>gorgonian_population_2022.JPG:</strong> The same gorgonian population after the 2022 mass mortality event. The colonies show denuded axis</p> <p><strong>Marseille_Monitoring_Mortality_2022.xlsx:</strong> Raw data acquired during the survey of the health of red gorgonian and red coral populations in the Calanques National Park during late summer and autumn 2022</p>
Data for Sea urchin mass mortalities 40 years apart further threaten Caribbean coral reefs
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Disease-driven mass mortality event leads to widespread extirpation and variable recovery potential of a marine predator across the eastern Pacific
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Episodes of high recruitment buffer against climate-driven mass mortality events in a North Pacific seabird population
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Mortality and morphology in egg masses of unisexual and Jefferson Salamanders
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Experimental manipulation of scavenger and herbivore functional role and their effects on plant communities following mass mortality events
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Do newborn adders suffer mass mortality or do they venture in a collective hide-and-seek game?
In long-lived snakes estimates of survival rates in the immature age classes are notoriously difficult to obtain because the small, secretive juveniles are rarely caught in field studies. Hence, it is assumed that in many species juveniles suffer high mortality. An alternative view holds that the youngest life stages are so elusive as if they "disappear" temporarily from the population. We conducted a long-term (2000-2016) mark-recapture study in a large population of European adders and obtained demographic data for large numbers of immature and newborn snakes. Estimates obtained by the Cormack-Jolly-Seber (CJS) method revealed dramatic age-related differences in yearly capture probabilities: they were much lower in the immature classes than in the adults. Concurrently , we found no evidence for age-dependent differences in survival rates. Hence, our inability to capture large numbers of immature snakes should therefore be attributed to their low detection probabilities, not because they would suffer high post-natal mortality. At least three traits contribute to the poor detectability of the immature snakes: (1) their small body size, (2) their lower thermal requirements, and (3) their non-permanent emigration to the "summer" or foraging habitats, which possess a greater food supply than the "winter" habitats.
Data from: Aging in an herbaceous plant: increases in mortality and decreases in physiology and seed mass
1. Little is known about plant age-dependent trait expression and how environmental conditions might affect aging in the wild. This study evaluates age variation in multiple traits of a short-lived perennial herb using a manipulative field experimental design. 2. Two different-aged cohorts were followed in a field plot for over a year to evaluate trait expression in response to a competition treatment and seasonal stress. Traits measured included size, mortality, reproduction, and physiology, including photosynthetic efficiency and chlorophyll content (SPAD). We hypothesized that the stress of competition and seasonal changes would accentuate age-dependent trait declines in older plants. 3. The results highlight consistent age differences in plant size, mortality, and seed size with older plants being smaller, more likely to die, and producing smaller seeds. Some of the aging declines were sensitive to environmental conditions such that it was only during certain seasons when older plants had higher mortality, lower photosynthetic efficiency, and lower chlorophyll content than young plants. Age-dependent trait expression also varied in response to competition such that age differences in size were only present in the 'no competition treatment,' and old individuals in the competition treatment had a higher mortality than all other age-environment combinations. 4. Synthesis. These findings show that aging in plants is a complex phenotype where declines in traits are uncoordinated and can be, but are not always, sensitive to environmental conditions. This study shows age-dependent maternal effects on offspring quality which, together with the decline in performance of older individuals, may have impacts on an individual's fitness and on natural population demography.
Data from: Microwear-mesowear congruence and mortality bias in rhinoceros mass death assemblages
Although we do not know the cause of death of most fossils, mortality is often associated with ecological stress due to seasonality and other stochastic events (storms, volcanism) that may have caused shifts in feeding ecology preceding death. In these instances, dental microwear, which reflects feeding ecology in a narrow window of time, may provide a biased view of diet. Mesowear, another dental wear proxy based on the morphology of worn cusps, requires macroscopic amounts of dental wear and reflects diet for a longer interval and may be less prone to bias from near-death ecological stress. We compared congruence between microwear and mesowear of North American fossil rhinocerotid mass death assemblages and hunted collections of modern rhinocerotids to test the hypothesis that fossil assemblages yield more incongruous microwear and mesowear results as a result of near-death ecological disturbances. In extant rhinos, both microwear and mesowear are associated with diet and height of the feeding environment. Mesowear and microwear in the modern rhinocerotid collections are statistically correlated with strong relationships between average mesowear scores and labially distributed dental microwear. In contrast, a statistical relationship between mesowear and microwear was not observed among the fossil rhinocerotid assemblages. Mesowear suggests the fossil rhinos had low abrasion diets, suggesting they fed from clean, possibly tall vegetation. Some, but not all mass death assemblages produce microwear data with excessive scratches and/or pits compared to expectations based on mesowear results, suggesting that dental microwear was altered shortly before death in some but not all of the fossil assemblages. The dental wear proxies available to paleoecologists provide a mosaic of dietary evidence reflecting diet over long (mesowear) and more abbreviated (microwear) periods of time that, together, provide a richer understanding of feeding ecology and its relationship to environment, seasonal change, and other ecological disturbances.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.