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52 results for “mate change”
Data and code to reproduce analysis in Sacchi et al. 2023: Sex-specific fitness consequences of mate change in Scopoli's shearwaters (Calonectris diomedea)
<p>This data package contains data and code needed to reproduce the analysis reported in <strong>Sex-specific fitness consequences of mate change in Scopoli’s shearwaters (Calonectris diomedea), doi </strong>10.1016/j.anbehav.2023.05.017</p> <p>Included are:</p> <p>1) Readme file - description of all other files and variables described in datasets</p> <p>2) Appendix.Rmd = R code file containing all the analysis reported in the paper</p> <p>3) breed.txt = this data table contains data for the analysis of fitness/breeding success</p> <p>4) skip.txt = this data table contains data for the analysis of skipping behaviour</p> <p>5) females.txt = this file contains data in headed format to build CR models for the female population. Covariate indicates if an individual's life history started with event 1 (partner known, first partner) or with event 3 (partner unknown).</p> <p>6) males.txt = this file contains data in headed format to build CR models for the male population. Covariate indicates if an individual's life history started with event 1 (partner known, first partner) or with event 3 (partner unknown).</p> <p>7) gepat.pat = this file contains the matrix design necessary to run CR models with e-surge (version 2.2.3)</p> <p> </p>
Neural, genetic, and developmental changes underlie evolving butterfly mate preference
<p>Many studies have linked genetic variation to behavior, but the links between that variation and the neural circuits that drive behavior remain elusive. We investigated the architecture of mate choice behavior in <em>Heliconius</em> butterflies, which use vision to identify preferred mates based on wing color patterns. We found that <em>Heliconius</em> <em>cydno</em> mate preference is associated with inter-photoreceptor inhibition of ultraviolet-sensitive photoreceptors (PRs) by long-wavelength sensitive PRs; identified a small number of genetic loci associated with preference variation; and began to link these multiple layers of behavior variation together through analyses of developmental gene networks. Our results support the idea that altered peripheral neural computations, driven by changes to underlying developmental genetic processes, can significantly and rapidly alter essential behaviors. </p> <p>This dataset contains processed data, scripts, and notebooks that were used to analyze the RNA-seq data presented in the associated publication. </p>
Genetic, developmental and neural changes underlying evolving butterfly mate preference
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Data from: Individual differences are consistent across changes in mating status and mediated by biogenic amines
Although aspects of an individual's state are well-known to influence the expression of behavior, it is still unclear how elements of state affect consistent among-individual differences in behavior. With binary, irreversible elements of state, such as mating status, there may be optimal behavioral phenotypes before and after mating, with individuals often prioritizing mate acquisition before and resource acquisition after. Yet, limited plasticity may prevent optimal behavior in both contexts. Additionally, it remains largely unknown if some consistencies in neural or physiological traits may limit the ability of the organism to respond to state changes. In this study, we investigated how changes in a binary state variable, mating status, affected both the mean expression and among-individual variation in behavior and web structure of the redback spider, Latrodectus hasselti. Furthermore, we explored the role of biogenic amines in potentially mediating individual differences in behavior and web structure. We found that mated females were overall more aggressive than virgin females and also built webs structured primarily for capturing prey rather than safety. We also found that individual differences in behavior and web structure were maintained across mating statuses, which indicates the stability of these traits and may drive personality-specific state-dependent fitness trade-offs. Finally, we found that aggressive spiders had higher central nervous system dopamine levels. Interestingly, web structure was often correlated with a catabolite of tyramine (N-acetyltyramine), suggesting that variation in amine catabolism, and not the concentrations of the amines themselves, may drive individual differences in some traits.
Data from: Personality traits change after an opportunity to mate
<p>There is growing evidence that personality traits can change throughout the life course in humans and nonhuman animals. However, the proximate and ultimate causes of personality trait change are largely unknown, especially in adults. In a controlled, longitudinal experiment, we tested whether a key life event for adults – mating – can cause personality traits to change in female threespine sticklebacks. We confirmed that there are consistent individual differences in activity, sociability and risk taking, and then compared these personality traits among three groups of females: 1) control females; 2) females that physically mated; 3) females that socially experienced courtship but did not mate. Both the physical experience of mating and the social experience of courtship caused females to become less willing to take risks and less social. To understand the proximate mechanisms underlying these changes, we measured levels of excreted steroids. Both the physical experience of mating and the social experience of courtship caused levels of dihydroxyprogesterone (<span>17α,20β-P)</span> to increase, and females with higher <span>17α,20β-P </span>were less willing to take risks and less social. These results provide experimental evidence that personality traits and their underlying neuroendocrine correlates are influenced by formative social and life-history experiences well into adulthood.</p>
Density-dependent changes of mating system and family structure in Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii)
<p>A mating system is an important life history for animals dealing with changing environments. Population density affects the plasticity of a mating system and subsequently the family structure of animals, but its impacts on mating systems and social structures are rarely investigated by using molecular markers in field conditions. In this study, using microsatellite genetic markers, we examined the changes in the social and genetic mating system and family structure of Brandt's voles in the grassland of Inner Mongolia, China, under low-, medium-, and high-density enclosures (each enclosure 0.48-ha with 4 replicates.) We found, that with the increase in population density of the founder voles introduced into the enclosure in early spring, both sexes increased their number of genetic mating partners, while males increased their social partners, resulting in a more promiscuous mating system. The number of genetic fathers and mothers per family, the number of social offspring per founder male or female, and the proportion of extra-group offspring increased with increased density, indicating that the response of the family structure to density change which is consistent with the change in mating system observed in our study. Both male and female voles had multiple mates, but males had a larger number of social and genetic mates, the number of social and genetic offspring, and the number of social and genetic families. Our study highlights the significance of density-dependent plasticity of a mating system and family structure in affecting the population change of small mammals.</p>
Data from: Climate change is associated with increased allocation to potential outcrossing in a common mixed mating species
<p><strong>Premise:</strong> The balance between cross- and self-fertilization is driven by the environment. Yet no long-term study has documented whether anthropogenic climate change is affecting reproductive strategy allocation in species with mixed mating systems. Here, we test whether the common blue violet (<em>Viola sororia</em>; Violaceae) has altered relative allocation to the production of potentially outcrossing flowers as the climate has changed across the 20th century.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> Using herbarium records spanning 1875 to 2015 from the central United States, we quantified production of obligately selfing cleistogamous (CL) flowers and potentially outcrossing chasmogamous (CH) flowers by <em>V. sororia</em>, coupled these records with historic temperature and precipitation data, and tested whether changes to the proportion of CL flowers correlate with temporal climate trends.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> We find that <em>V. sororia</em> progressively produced lower proportions of CL flowers across the past century and in environments with lower mean annual temperature and higher total annual precipitation. We also find that both CL and CH flower phenology has advanced across this time period.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Our results suggest that <em>V. sororia</em> has responded to lower temperatures and greater water availability by shifting reproductive strategy allocation away from selfing and toward potential outcrossing. This provides the first long term study of how climate change may affect relative allocation to potential outcrossing in species with mixed mating systems. By revealing that CL flowering is associated with low water availability and high temperature, our results suggest the production of obligately selfing flowers is favored in water limited environments.</p>
Data from: Climate change consequences for differential adult survival and the mating system of a temperate breeding shorebird
<p>Managing for the effects of climate change on species whose populations are currently imperiled requires detailed knowledge of the relationship between their demographic rates and climate variables. We sought this information for the West Coast breeding population of snowy plover (<em>Charadrius nivosus</em>), which was federally listed as threatened in 1993 due to substantial declines in the numbers of plovers breeding along the coast and in the number of sites occupied for breeding. Snowy plovers employ a serially polygamous breeding system in which the male typically tends chicks to independence. This unusual breeding system is favored by male-biased sex ratios in local populations. As part of a multi-species study of the effect of climate change on population growth, we used mark-capture models to examine climate drivers of adult survival for 1,219 snowy plovers banded at Monterey Bay over 38 years and known to overwinter on the surrounding north-central California outer coast. Non-climate variables, including sex and unmeasured annual mortality risks (e.g., predator abundance) were the primary factors affecting adult survival. However, there is evidence that cold weather, particularly extended cold snaps with daily low temperatures below 2˚C and daily high temperatures below 10˚C, decreases overwinter survival. Exceptionally cold winters had a particularly strong effect on adult female plovers, contributing to the male-biased adult sex ratios. Future winter climate on the north-central California coast is projected to be generally warmer with fewer and shorter cold snaps. Reduced mortality from cold winter weather may mitigate other threats faced by plovers, such as anthropogenically enhanced predator populations, habitat loss, and accelerated sea level rise, while altering the adult sex ratio and potentially shifting the evolutionary landscape maintaining the plover's unusual breeding system.</p>
Data from: Individual differences are consistent across changes in mating status and mediated by biogenic amines
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Density-dependent changes of mating system and family structure in Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii)
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Data from: Climate change consequences for differential adult survival and the mating system of a temperate breeding shorebird
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Data from: Climate change is associated with increased allocation to potential outcrossing in a common mixed mating species
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Data from: Personality traits change after an opportunity to mate
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Data from: The ecological stage changes benefits of mate choice and drives preference divergence
<p>Preference divergence is thought to contribute to reproductive isolation. Ecology can alter the way selection acts on female preferences, making them most likely to diverge when ecological conditions vary among populations. We present a novel mechanism for ecologically dependent sexual selection, termed 'the ecological stage' to highlight its ecological dependence. Our hypothesized mechanism emphasizes that males and females interact over mating in a specific ecological context, and different ecological conditions change the costs and benefits of mating interactions, selecting for different preferences in distinct environments and different male traits, especially when traits are condition dependent. We test key predictions of this mechanism in a sympatric threespine stickleback species pair. We used a maternal half-sib split-clutch design for both species, mating females to attractive and unattractive males, and raising progeny on alternate diets that mimic the specialized diets of the species in nature. We estimated the benefits of mate choice for an indicator trait (male nuptial color) by measuring many fitness components across the lifetimes of both sons and daughters from these crosses. We analyzed fitness data using a combination of aster and mixed models. We found that many benefits of mating with high color males depended on both species and diet. These results support the ecological stage hypothesis for stickleback. Finally, we discuss the potential role of this mechanism for other taxa and highlight its ability to enhance reproductive isolation as speciation proceeds, thus facilitating the evolution of strong reproductive isolation.</p>
Fig. 2 in Morphological Changes in Reproductive Organs and Neuroendocrine Centers Related to Nesting, Mating, and Larvicide Behavior in Eurysternus mexicanus Harold (Scarabaeinae: Eurysternini)
Fig. 2. Variations in neurosecretion content in pars intercerebralis A cells in Eurysternus mexicanus males and females. a, minimum amount indicating that cells are active and producing neurosecretions (+); b, moderate amount being secreted by cells (++); c, maximum amount when cells are inactive and no longer producing neurosecretions (+++).
Fig. 3 in Morphological Changes in Reproductive Organs and Neuroendocrine Centers Related to Nesting, Mating, and Larvicide Behavior in Eurysternus mexicanus Harold (Scarabaeinae: Eurysternini)
Fig. 3. Modifications in the accessory gland reservoir of Eurysternus mexicanus males in accordance with the different behaviors studied: a, before emergence; b, before copulating; c, after copulating; d, after copulating and committing larvicide. ag 5 accessory gland base; gd 5 glandular duct; gs 5 glandular secretions.
Fig. 1 in Morphological Changes in Reproductive Organs and Neuroendocrine Centers Related to Nesting, Mating, and Larvicide Behavior in Eurysternus mexicanus Harold (Scarabaeinae: Eurysternini)
Fig. 1. Modifications in the ovary of Eurysternus mexicanus females. A. during prenesting: a, at emergence; b, before first copulation; c, after first copulation; d, before first mature oocyte is laid, B. during provisional nesting: e, after larvicide of first instars; f, after larvicide of second instars, C. during definitive nesting: g, at beginning of nest care, h, halfway through nest care; i, during late nest care. bo 5 basal oocyte; g 5 germarium; mo 5 mature basal oocyte; ov 5 oviduct; ro 5 oocyte being reabsorbed.
Figure 10 in An imperfect imago? Post-mating loss of iridescent scales in Cheimas butterflies may change female from attractive to cryptic (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)
Figure 10. Transition of upper cloud forests and paramo at 3400 m in El Baho (Cordillera de Mérida) with bamboo clumps growing more than 2 m high, the Cheimas opalinus larval host plant (in the left upper corner in the foreground) (photo: B. Benedek, 28 January 2009).
Figure 8 in An imperfect imago? Post-mating loss of iridescent scales in Cheimas butterflies may change female from attractive to cryptic (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)
Figure 8. Cheimas opalinus spectra showing reflectivity of hind wing dorsal wing surface in the discal area for various populations and individuals. (a) C. o. opalinus males (158–159, 180–181) and female (159) with blue-green patch; (b) C. o rosalinus males (162–163) and female (160) with bluegreen patch. (c) C. o. opalinus (165) and C. o. rosalinus (161) females without blue patch.
Figure 6 in An imperfect imago? Post-mating loss of iridescent scales in Cheimas butterflies may change female from attractive to cryptic (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)
Figure 6. Scaling of Cheimas opalinus. (a) C. opalinus opalinus female hind wing dorsal surface showing the edge of the structural colour patch; the folded apices of the colour-generating scales are well visible, as well as the flat ordinary scales with brown coloration; (b) female ventral hind wing surface discal area showing that there are no hairs; (c) male ventral hind wing discal area showing dense hairiness; (d) lateral view of the male wing membrane showing the short hairs more or less perpendicular to the ventral wing surface (upper surface) and the longer hairs of the wing dorsal surface (lower surface) (scale, 1 mm).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.