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13 results for “mate limitation”
Data from: Sexual selection and mate limitation shape evolution of species’ range limits
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Mate-finding dispersal reduces local mate limitation and sex bias in dispersal
<p>1. Sex-biased dispersal (SBD) often skews the local sex ratio in a population. This can result in a shortage of mates for individuals of the less-dispersive sex. Such mate limitation can lead to Allee effects in populations that are small or undergoing range expansion, consequently affecting their survival, growth, stability and invasion speed.</p> <p>2. Theory predicts that mate shortage can lead to either an increase or a decrease in the dispersal of the less-dispersive sex. However, neither of these predictions have been empirically validated.</p> <p>3. To investigate how SBD-induced mate limitation affects dispersal of the less-dispersive sex, we used Drosophila melanogaster populations with varying dispersal propensities. To rule out any mate-independent density effects, we examined the behavioral plasticity of dispersal in presence of mates as well as same-sex individuals with differential dispersal capabilities.</p> <p>4. In the presence of high-dispersive mates, the dispersal of both male and female individuals was significantly increased. However, the magnitude of this increase was much larger in males than in females, indicating that the former show greater mate-finding dispersal. Moreover, the dispersal of either sex did not change when dispersing alongside high- or low-dispersive individuals of the same sex. This suggested that the observed plasticity in dispersal was indeed due to mate-finding dispersal, and not mate-independent density effects.</p> <p>5. Strong mate-finding dispersal can diminish the magnitude of sex bias in dispersal. This can modulate the evolutionary processes that shape range expansions and invasions, depending on the population size. In small populations, mate-finding dispersal can ameliorate Allee effects. However, in large populations, it can dilute the effects of spatial sorting. 28-May-2020</p>
Data from: Species recognition limits mating between hybridizing ant species
<p><span>Identifying mechanisms limiting hybridization is a central goal of speciation research. Here, we studied pre-mating and post-mating barriers to hybridization between two ant species, <em>Formica selysi</em> and <em>Formica cinerea</em>. These species hybridize in the Rhône valley in Switzerland, where they form a mosaic hybrid zone, with limited introgression from <em>F. selysi</em> into <em>F</em>. <em>cinerea</em>. There was no sign of temporal isolation between the two species in the production of queens and males. With choice experiments, we showed that queens and males strongly prefer to mate with conspecifics. Yet we did not detect post-mating barriers caused by genetic incompatibilities. Specifically, hybrids of all sexes and castes were found in the field and F1 hybrid workers did not show reduced viability compared to non-hybrid workers. To gain insights into the cues involved in species recognition, we analyzed the cuticular hydrocarbons of queens, males and workers and staged dyadic encounters between workers. Cuticular hydrocarbon profiles differed markedly between species, but were similar in <em>F. cinerea</em> and hybrids. Accordingly, workers also discriminated species, but they did not discriminate <em>F. cinerea</em> and hybrids. We discuss how the CHC-based recognition system of ants may facilitate the establishment of pre-mating barriers to hybridization, independent of hybridization costs.</span></p>
Data: Female-limited responses in remating rate and mating duration in the experimental evolution of a beetle Callosobruchus chinensis
<p><span>Mating rate optima often differ between the sexes: males may increase their fitness by multiple mating, but for females, multiple mating confers little benefit and can often be costly (especially in taxa without nuptial gifts or mala parental care). Sexually antagonistic evolution is thus expected in traits related to mating rates under sexual selection. This prediction has been tested by multiple studies that applied the experimental evolution technique, which is a powerful tool to directly examine the evolutionary consequences of selection. Yet, the results so far only partly support the prediction. Here we provide another example of experimental evolution of sexual selection, by applying it for the first time to the mating behavior of a seed beetle <em>Callsorobruchus</em> <em>chinensis</em>. We found a lower remating rate in polygamy-line females than in monogamy-line (i.e. no sexual selection) females after 21 generations of selection. Polygamy-line females also showed a longer duration of first mating than monogamy-line females. We found no effect of male evolutionary lines on the remating rate or first mating duration. Though not consistent with the original prediction, the current and previous studies collectively suggest that the observed female-limited responses may be a norm, which is also consistent with the conceptual advances in the last two decades of the advantages and limitations of the experimental evolution technique.</span></p>
Data: Female-limited responses in remating rate and mating duration in the experimental evolution of a beetle Callosobruchus chinensis
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Mate-finding dispersal reduces local mate limitation and sex bias in dispersal
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Data from: Species recognition limits mating between hybridizing ant species
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Data and code for: Male-male contest limits the expression of assortative mate preferences in a polymorphic poison frog
<p>Co-divergence of sexual traits and mate preferences can lead to assortative mating and subsequently reproductive isolation. However, mate choice rarely operates without intrasexual competition, and the effects of the latter on speciation are often overlooked. Maintaining trait polymorphisms despite gene flow and limiting assortative female preferences for less-competitive male phenotypes are two important roles that male-male competition may play in the speciation process. Both roles rely on the assumption that male-male competition limits the expression of divergent female preferences. We tested this assumption in the highly color-polymorphic strawberry poison frog (<i>Oophaga pumilio</i>). Females prefer males of the local color, suggesting that reproductive isolation may be evolving among color morphs. However, this inference does not account for male-male competition, which is also color-mediated. We housed females with two differently-colored males, and compared reproductive patterns when the more attractive male was the territory holder <i>versus</i> when he was the non-territorial male. Females mated primarily with the territory winner, regardless of coloration, suggesting that when a choice must be made between the two, male territoriality overrides female preferences for male coloration<i>.</i> Our results highlight the importance of considering the combined effects of mate choice and intrasexual competition in shaping phenotypic divergence and speciation.</p>
Data and code for: Male-male contest limits the expression of assortative mate preferences in a polymorphic poison frog
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Data from: Strong assortative mating by diet, color, size, and morphology but limited progress toward sympatric speciation in a classic example: Cameroon crater lake cichlids
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Data from: Mixed mating system are regulated by fecundity in Shorea curtisii (Dipterocarpaceae) as revealed by comparison under different pollen limited conditions
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Code from: The effects of intersexual interactions on survival can drive the evolution of female ornaments in the absence of mate limitation
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Data from: The effect of pollen limitation on the evolution of mating system and seed size in hermaphroditic plants
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