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8 results for “mate-choice”
Social learning by mate-choice copying increases dispersal and reduces local adaptation
<p class="MsoPlainText">1. In heterogeneous environments, dispersal may be hampered not only by direct costs, but also because immigrants may be locally maladapted. While maladaptation affects both sexes, this cost may be modulated in females if they express mate preferences that are either adaptive or maladaptive in the new local population.</p> <p class="MsoPlainText">2. Dispersal costs under local adaptation may be mitigated if it is possible to switch to expressing traits of locally adapted residents. In a sexual selection context, immigrant females may learn to mate with locally favoured males. Mate-choice copying is a type of social learning, where individuals, usually females, update their mating preferences after observing others mate. If it allows immigrant females to switch from maladapted to locally adapted preferences, their dispersal costs are mitigated as mate choice helps them create locally adapted offspring.</p> <p class="MsoPlainText">3. To study if copying can promote the evolution of dispersal, we created an individual-based model to simulate the coevolution of four traits: copying, dispersal, a trait relevant for local adaptation, and female preference. We contrast two scenarios with copying — either unconditional, or conditional such that only dispersers copy — with a control scenario that lacks any copying.</p> <p class="MsoPlainText">4. We show copying to lead to higher dispersal, especially if copying is conditionally expressed. This leads to an increase in gene flow between patches and, consequently, a decrease in local adaptation and trait-preference correlations.</p> <p class="MsoPlainText">5. While our study is phrased with female preference as the learned trait, one may generally expect social learning to mitigate dispersal costs, with consequent feedback effects on the spatial dynamics of adaptation.</p>
Mate-choice copying accelerates species range expansion
<p>Mate-choice copying is a type of social learning in which females can change their mate preference after observing the choice of others. This behaviour can potentially affect population evolution and ecology, namely through increased dispersal and reduced local adaptation. Here, we simulated the effects of mate-choice copying in populations expanding across an environmental gradient to understand whether it can accelerate or retard the expansion process. Two mate-choice copying strategies were used: when females target a single individual, and when females target similar individuals. We also simulated cases where the male trait singled out by females with mate-choice maps perfectly onto their genotype or is influenced by genotype-by-environment interactions. These rules have different effects on the results. When a trait is determined by genotype alone, populations where copier females target all similar males expand faster, and the number of potential copiers increases. However, when preference is determined by genotype-by-environment interactions, populations where copier females target a single male have higher dispersal and also expand faster, but the potential number of copiers decreases. The results show that mate-choice copying can accelerate the expansion process, although its adaptiveness depends on the information animals use in different contexts.</p>
Mate-choice copying accelerates species range expansion
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Social learning by mate-choice copying increases dispersal and reduces local adaptation
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Data from: Cultural flies: conformist social learning in fruit flies predicts long-lasting mate-choice traditions
Despite theoretical justification for the evolution of animal culture, there is still scant empirical evidence for it beyond mammals and birds, and we still know little about the process of cultural inheritance. Here, we propose a mechanism-driven definition of animal culture and test it in the fruit fly. We found that fruit flies have five cognitive capacities that enable them to transmit mating preferences culturally across generations, potentially fostering persistent traditions (the main marker of culture) in mating preference. A transmission chain experiment validates a model of the emergence of local traditions indicating that such social transmission may lead initially neutral traits to become adaptive, hence strongly selecting for copying and conformity, a situation that, although suggested decades ago, still had little empirical support.
Bimodal acoustic calls used in mate-choice and aggression by red-eyed treefrogs
<p>Dataset in support of the manuscript entitled: Beyond sound: Bimodal acoustic calls used in mate-choice and aggression by red-eyed treefrogs.</p> <p>Included are results from bimodal, sound and vibration, playback trials with male and female red-eyed treefrogs (Agalychnis callidryas). Listed are trial type, whether the animal, if female, was collected in amplexus, and measures of its response to playback. These data may be reused freely.</p> <p>A description of the study follows.</p> <p>Airborne sound signals function as key mediators of mate-choice, aggression, and other social interactions in a wide range of vertebrate and invertebrate animals. Calling animals produce more than sound, however. When displaying on or near a solid substrate, such as vegetation or soil, they also unavoidably excite substrate vibrations due to the physics of sound production and of acoustic propagation, and these vibrations can propagate to receivers. Despite their near ubiquity, these vibrational signal components have received very little research attention, and in vertebrates it is completely unknown whether they are relevant to mate-choice, an important driver of evolutionary divergence. Here we show that female red-eyed treefrogs are more than twice as likely to choose a male mating call when airborne sound is paired with its corresponding substrate vibrations. Furthermore, males of the same species are more aggressive towards and display a greater range of aggressive behaviors in response to bimodal (sound and vibration) versus unimodal (sound or vibration alone) calls. In aggressive contexts, at least, air- and substrate-borne signal components function non-redundantly. These results are a clear demonstration that vibrations produced by a calling animal can function together with airborne sound to markedly enhance the function of a signal. If this phenomenon proves widespread, this finding has the potential to substantially influence our understanding of the function and evolution of acoustic signals.</p>
Data from: Cultural flies: conformist social learning in fruit flies predicts long-lasting mate-choice traditions
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Bimodal acoustic calls used in mate-choice and aggression by red-eyed treefrogs
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