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24 results for “maternal hormones”
Data from: Maternal deposition of hormones and contaminants shape the gonadal transcriptome in American alligators
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Dataset of maternal thyroid hormones transfer in Pied flycatchers
<p>This is the dataset of an experiment conducted on Pied flycatchers (<em>Ficedula hypoleuca</em>) in which we manipulated thyroid hormones in the mother's circulation. This dataset contains all the responses measured in this experiment.</p>
Maternally-transferred thyroid hormones and life-history variation in birds
<p><span>1. In vertebrates, thyroid hormones (THs) play an important role in the regulation of growth, development, metabolism, photoperiodic responses and migration. Maternally transferred THs are important for normal early-phase embryonic development when embryos are not able to produce endogenous THs. Previous studies have shown that variation in maternal THs within the physiological range can influence offspring phenotype.</span></p> <p><span>2. Given the essential functions of maternal THs in development and metabolism, THs may be a mediator of life-history variation across species. </span></p> <p><span>3. We tested the hypothesis that differences in life histories are associated with differences in maternal TH transfer across species. Using birds as a model, we specifically tested whether maternally transferred yolk THs co-vary with migratory status, developmental mode, and traits related to pace-of-life (e.g. basal metabolic rate, maximum lifespan).</span></p> <p><span>4. We collected un-incubated eggs (n = 1-21 eggs per species, median = 7) from 34 wild and captive bird species across 17 families and 6 orders to measure yolk THs (both triiodothyronine, T3 and thyroxine, T4), compiled life-history trait data from the literature, and used Bayesian phylogenetic mixed models to test our hypotheses.</span></p> <p><span>5. Our models indicated that both concentrations and total amounts of the two main forms of THs (T3 and T4) were higher in the eggs of migratory species compared to resident species, and total amounts were higher in the eggs of precocial species, which have longer prenatal developmental periods, than in those of altricial species. However, maternal yolk THs did not show clear associations with pace-of-life related traits, such as fecundity, basal metabolic rate, or maximum lifespan.</span></p> <p><span>6. We quantified interspecific variation in maternal yolk THs in birds and our findings suggest higher maternal TH transfer is associated with the precocial mode of development and migratory status. Whether maternal THs represent a part of the mechanism underlying the evolution of precocial development and migration or a consequence of such life histories is currently unclear. We therefore encourage further studies to explore the physiological mechanisms and evolutionary processes underlying these patterns.</span></p>
Maternally-transferred thyroid hormones and life-history variation in birds
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Data from: Forecasting the future? Differential allocation of maternal hormones in function of experimentally manipulated social contexts in blue tits Cyanistes caeruleus
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Data from: Between- and within-individual variation of maternal thyroid hormone deposition in wild great tits (Parus major)
Maternal hormones are often considered a mediator of anticipatory maternal effects, namely mothers adjust maternal hormone transfer to prepare the offspring for the anticipated environment. The flexibility for mothers to adjust hormone transfer is therefore a prerequisite for such anticipatory maternal effects. Nevertheless, previous studies have only focused on the average differences of maternal hormone transfer between groups and neglected the substantial individual variation, despite that individual plasticity in maternal hormone transfer is actually the central assumption. In this study, we studied the between- and within-individual variation of maternal thyroid hormones (THs) in egg yolk of wild great tits (Parus major) and estimated the individual plasticity of maternal yolk THs across environmental temperature, clutch initiation dates and egg laying order using linear mixed-effects models. Interestingly, our models provide statistical evidence that the two main THs – the main biologically active hormone T3, and T4, which is mostly considered as a prohormone – exhibited different variation patterns. Yolk T3 showed significant between-individual variation on the average levels, in line with its previously reported moderate heritability. Yolk T4, however, showed significant between-clutch variation in the pattern over the laying sequence, suggesting a great within-individual plasticity. Our findings suggest that the role and function of the hormone within the endocrine axis likely influences its flexibility to respond to environmental change. Whether the flexibility of T4 deposition brings fitness advantage should be examined along with its potential effects on offspring, which remains to be further investigated.
Data from: The development of individual differences in cooperative behaviour: maternal glucocorticoid hormones alter helping behaviour of offspring in wild meerkats
The phenotype of parents can have long-lasting effects on the development of offspring as well as on their behaviour, physiology and morphology as adults. In some cases, these changes may increase offspring fitness but, in others, they can elevate parental fitness at a cost to the fitness of their offspring. We show that in Kalahari meerkats (Suricata suricatta), the circulating glucocorticoid (GC) hormones of pregnant females affect the growth and cooperative behaviour of their offspring. We performed a 3-year experiment in wild meerkats to test the hypothesis that GC-mediated maternal effects reduce the potential for offspring to reproduce directly and therefore cause them to exhibit more cooperative behaviour. Daughters (but not sons) born to mothers treated with cortisol during pregnancy grew more slowly early in life and exhibited significantly more of two types of cooperative behaviour (pup rearing and feeding) once they were adults compared to offspring from control mothers. They also had lower measures of GCs as they aged, which could explain the observed increases in cooperative behaviour. Because early life growth is a crucial determinant of fitness in female meerkats, our results indicate that GC-mediated maternal effects may reduce the fitness of offspring, but may elevate parental fitness as a consequence of increasing the cooperative behaviour of their daughters.
Maternal and Umbilical Cord Hormone Concentrations in Twin and Singleton Pregnancies
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00341263. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Data from: The development of individual differences in cooperative behaviour: maternal glucocorticoid hormones alter helping behaviour of offspring in wild meerkats
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Data from: Transient growth-enhancing effects of elevated maternal thyroid hormones at no apparent oxidative cost during early postnatal period
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Data from: Between- and within-individual variation of maternal thyroid hormone deposition in wild great tits (Parus major)
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Data from: Maternal egg hormones in the mating context: the effect of pair personality
Animal personality traits emerge developmentally from the interaction of genetic and early environmental factors. Maternal hormones, such as androgens (testosterone, T and androstenedione, A4), transferred to embryos and egg yolks may simultaneously organize multiple behavioural and physiological traits. Whereas previous studies demonstrated an association between the mother's personality and yolk androgen levels, the independent effects of the male partner's personality and pair combination are unknown. We test this association using an ecological model species for personality research, the great tit (Parus major) using multiple approaches: 1) a wild population, 2) a randomly-mated captive population, and 3) an experimental study with (dis)assortatively mated pairs from lines selected for fast exploration/boldness or slow exploration/shyness. Egg androgen concentrations were associated with variation in female personality traits, and the experimental data suggested that this is independent of male personality: experimental females from slow-shy line tended to have higher egg T concentrations than females from the fast-bold line, with no effect of male personality. Shy females from the wild population had higher egg A4 concentration than bold females. However, in the correlative data yolk hormones were linked with male personality, as well as the interaction between female and male traits and yolk androgen levels: Male handling responsiveness correlated negatively with egg A4 concentration in wild birds. In randomly-mated birds, pairs that were mated assortatively for personality had lower egg T concentrations than disassortatively mated pairs. Given that egg androgens are known mediators of avian personality, our results suggest that maternal hormones might contribute to the heritability of personality, may be sensitive to the social context of mating, and act as key drivers of individual differences.
Data from: Experimental evidence for genetic heritability of maternal hormone transfer to offspring
In many animal species, embryos are exposed to maternal hormones that affect their development. Maternal hormone transfer varies with environmental conditions of the mother and is often interpreted as being shaped by natural selection to adjust the offspring to prevailing environmental conditions. Such hormone transfer requires genetic variability which has not yet been experimentally demonstrated. Our study reports direct evidence for additive genetic variance of maternal androgens through a bi-directional selection on yolk testosterone (T) levels in Japanese quail. Lines selected for high (HET) and low (LET) egg T concentration differed in yolk levels of this androgen resulting in high realised heritability (h2 = 0.42). Correlated responses to selection on other gonadal hormones indicate that selection specifically targeted biological active androgens. Eggs of HET quail contained higher androstenedione and lower estradiol concentrations than those of LET quail, with no line differences in yolk progesterone. Plasma T concentrations of adult females were not affected by selection, seriously challenging the hypothesis that transfer of maternal hormones to offspring is constrained by hormone levels in a mother's circulation. Our results suggest that transfer of maternal T represents an indirect genetic effect with important consequences for the evolution of traits in offspring.
Data from: Heritable variation in maternally-derived yolk androgens, thyroid hormones and immune factors
Maternal reproductive investment can critically influence offspring phenotype, and thus these maternal effects are expected to be under strong natural selection. Knowledge on the extent of heritable variation in the physiological mechanisms underlying maternal effects is however limited. In birds, resource allocation to eggs is a key mechanism for mothers to affect their offspring and different components of the egg may or may not be independently adjusted. We studied the heritability of egg components and their genetic and phenotypic covariation in great tits (Parus major), using captive-bred full siblings of wild origin. Egg mass, testosterone (T) and androstenedione (A4) hormone concentrations showed moderate heritability, in agreement with earlier findings. Interestingly, yolk triiodothyronine hormone (T3), but not its precursor, thyroxine hormone (T4), concentration was heritable. An immune factor, albumen lysozyme, showed moderate heritability, but yolk immunoglobulins (IgY) did not. The genetic correlation estimates were moderate but statistically nonsignificant; a trend for a positive genetic correlation was found between A4 and egg mass, T and lysozyme and IgY and lysozyme, respectively. Interestingly, phenotypic correlations were found only between A4 and T, and T4 and T3, respectively. Given that these egg components are associated with fitness-related traits in the offspring (and mother), and that we show that some components are heritable, it opens the possibility that natural selection may shape the rate and direction of phenotypic change via egg composition.
Data from: Maternal egg hormones in the mating context: the effect of pair personality
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Data from: Experimental evidence for genetic heritability of maternal hormone transfer to offspring
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Data from: Heritable variation in maternally-derived yolk androgens, thyroid hormones and immune factors
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Trans-generational adaptation to maternal climate through hormone transport in plants
GEO Series GSE278759. Arabidopsis thaliana. 12 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Trans-generational adaptation to maternal climate through hormone transport in plants [scRNA-seq]
GEO Series GSE280705. Arabidopsis thaliana. 6 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Trans-generational adaptation to maternal climate through hormone transport in plants [bulk RNA-seq]
GEO Series GSE278833. Arabidopsis thaliana. 12 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.