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19 results for “mating of trees”
Data from: An analysis of mating biases in trees
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Assortative mating is a deviation from random mating based on phenotypic similarity. As it is much better studied in animals than in plants, we investigate for trees whether kinship of realized mating pairs deviates from what is expected from the set of potential mates and use this information to infer mating biases that may result from kin recognition and/or assortative mating. Our analysis covers twenty species of trees for which microsatellite data is available for adult populations (potential mates) as well as seed arrays. We test whether mean relatedness of observed mating pairs deviates from null expectations that only take pollen dispersal distances into account (estimated from the same dataset). This allows to identify elevated as well as reduced kinship among realized mating pairs, indicative of positive and negative assortative mating, respectively. The test is also able to distinguish elevated biparental inbreeding that occurs solely as a result of related pairs growing closer to each other from further assortativeness.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Assortative mating in trees appears potentially common but not ubiquitous: nine data sets show mating bias with elevated inbreeding, nine do not deviate significantly from the null expectation, and two show mating bias with reduced inbreeding.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>While our datasets lack direct information on phenology, our investigation of the phenological literature for each species identifies flowering phenology as a potential driver of positive assortative mating (leading to elevated inbreeding) in trees. Since active kin recognition provides an alternative hypothesis for these patterns, we encourage further investigations on the processes and traits that influence mating patterns in trees.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Data and code for Scale-invariant random geometry from mating of trees: a numerical study
<p>This entry contains the source code, simulation data and data analysis notebooks for the paper</p> <p>T. Budd, A. Castro, "Scale-invariant random geometry from mating of trees: a numerical study." <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.05355">arXiv:2207.05355</a>.</p> <p>This work is part of START-UP 2018 programme with project number 740.018.017, which is financed by the Dutch Research Council (NWO).</p>
Fig. 1 in Exposure to tea tree oil enhances the mating success of male Mediterranean fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Fig. 1. Number of matings (mean ± SE) obtained per replicate by wild-like medfly males exposed to TTO (treated) or not exposed (control) for the 3 different TTO concentrations provided to the treated males (the 5% and 50% doses represent TTO concentration [v/v] in a hexane solution). Bar heights represent averages; whiskers represent 1 SE. Results of t-tests: 5% solution: t = 4.8, P <0.001; 50% solution: t = 3.4, P = 0.003; pure (100%): t = 3.8, P <0.001; N = 12 replicates at each concentration.
Inbreeding depression, functional traits and phenotypic plasticity in an endangered tree species from Congo basin with a mixed mating system
<h3><span>Inbreeding depression, functional traits and phenotypic plasticity in an endangered tree species from Congo basin with a mixed mating system</span></h3> <h1><a name="_Hlk166486742"></a><strong><span>Abstract</span></strong></h1> <p><span><span>1. Most tree species can suffer from inbreeding depression (ID), which they escape by reproducing predominantly through outcrossing. A remarkable exception is <em>Pericopsis elata</em>, an African timber species naturally producing 54% of self-fertilized seeds in the eastern Congo Basin. This species is highly logged and suffers from a deficit of natural regeneration, so that silviculture is needed for its sustainable management. While selecting good genetic material can increase the value of plantations, we lack fundamental biological knowledge on the effect of inbreeding and competition on growth potential, variability in leaf traits and phenotypic plasticity. We hypothesize that ID in <em>P. elata</em> could result from the expression of deleterious mutations affecting functional traits, or from a reduction of adaptive phenotypic plasticity in inbred genotypes.</span></span></p> <p><span><span>2. To test our hypotheses, 540 <em>P. elata</em> seedlings were monitored for 4 years in a Nelder-type device located in the DRC, in which trees were planted along concentric circles to generate a density gradient. Nine leaf morphological traits (including specific leaf area, stomata density and size), eight leaf chemical traits, diameter, and total height were measured regularly, while paternity analyses allowed distinguishing inbred and outbred plants. To explain the observed ID on growth, we tested whether inbreeding affected leaf traits and/or their plasticity expressed across years, across the density gradient or across sunlight exposure. </span></span></p> <p><span><span>3. Outbred plants grew faster than inbred ones, demonstrating ID for each level of competition. Despite the significant correlation found between specific leaf area and growth, and the impact of planting density, plant age, and leaf exposure to sunlight on multiple traits, mean leaf trait values did not differ according to inbreeding. However, </span></span><span><span>a few leaf traits (chlorophyl content, </span></span><span><span>maximum stomatal water vapor conductance</span></span><span><span>, and leaf fresh mass) showed significantly higher plasticity in outbred than inbred plants. </span></span></p> <p><span><span>4. Synthesis: the observed ID on growth was not explained by a direct effect of inbreeding on the mean values of functional traits but possibly by a reduction of phenotypic plasticity with inbreeding. Additional studies on the interplay between ID, functional traits and plasticity should be conducted at the intra-specific level to identify general patterns<em>.</em></span></span></p> <p><span><strong><span>Key-words : </span></strong></span><span><span>Inbreeding depression, phenotypic plasticity, silviculture, functionals traits, <em>Pericopsis elata</em>, mating system, Nelder device.</span></span></p>
Data from: An analysis of mating biases in trees
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Data from: Homing behavior of a tree lizard: influences of mating resource and habitat structure
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Data from: Effects of tree architecture on pollen dispersal and mating patterns in Abies pinsapo Boiss. (Pinaceae)
Plant architecture is crucial to pollination and mating in wind pollinated species. We investigate the effect of crown architecture on pollen dispersal, mating system and offspring quality, combining phenotypic and genotypic analyses in a low-density population of the endangered species Abies pinsapo. A total of 598 embryos from three relative crown height levels (bottom, middle, top) in five mother plants were genotyped using eleven nuclear microsatellite markers (nSSRs). Paternity analysis and mating system models were used to infer mating and pollen dispersal parameters. In addition, seeds were weighed (N = 16,110) and germinated (N = 736), and seedling vigour was measured to assess inbreeding depression. Overall, A. pinsapo shows a fat-tailed dispersal kernel, with an average pollen dispersal distance of 113–227 m, an immigration rate of 0.84–26.92%, and a number of effective pollen donors ranging between 3.5 and 11.9. We found an effect of tree height and relative crown height levels on mating parameters. A higher proportion of seeds with embryo (about 50%) and a higher rate of self-fertilization (about 60%) were found at the bottom level in comparison to the top level. Seed weight and seedling vigour are positively related. Nevertheless, no differences were found in seed weight or in seedling-related variables such as weight and length of aerial and subterranean parts among the different relative crown height levels, suggesting that seeds from the more strongly inbred bottom level are not affected by inbreeding depression. The different relative crown height levels also present a similar effective pollen dispersal distance and number of effective pollen donors, indicating vertical isotropy for outcross pollen. Our results thus suggest that self-pollen may compensate for the shortage of outcross pollen in low density populations.
Data from: Mating system and genetic diversity of progenies before and after logging: a case study of Bagassa guianensis (Moraceae), a low-density dioecious tree of the Amazonian forest
The logging of large trees in tropical forests causes a decrease in the density of reproductive individuals, which likely affects the pattern of pollen dispersal and the mating system of the remaining trees in the population. Here, we investigate the impact of logging on mating system and genetic diversity of the low-density, thrip-pollinated, dioecious tree Bagassa guianensis within a 500-ha plot at Tapajós National Forest, Pará State, Brazil. Mating system parameters of the logged population were estimated using mixed-mating model. Six microsatellite loci were used to genotype 232 seeds from ten remnant female trees over three seasons (2006, 2007, and 2008). The data were compared with the mating system of the unlogged population of B. guianensis (18 female trees, 488 seeds) in the same plot. The overall number of alleles found in the open-pollinated progenies decreased after logging (K = 71 before logging and K = 57 after logging, considering the three after logging seasons pooled), as well as the average number of alleles per locus (A = 11.8 and 9.5, respectively). Similarly, the number of private alleles, which is defined in the context of this study as the number of alleles observed in the population exclusively before or after logging, also decreased after logging (15 and 1, respectively). However, the average number of alleles per locus and the observed and expected heterozygosities were not significantly higher before logging than after logging. Logging also did not affect the inbreeding of progenies in the population. Somewhat unexpectedly, the effective number of pollen donors was consistently higher after (N ep = 14.5 in 2006, 8.1 in 2007, and 6.3 in 2008) than before logging (N ep = 3.4), suggesting that the loss of alleles in the population was compensated by the higher heterogeneity in the pollen pool after the removal of the largest trees by logging. Potential causes explaining the patterns found here include the maintenance of large patches of forest around the logged plot and the species' ability to perform long-distance pollination by airborne thrips. Maintenance of landscape integrity as logged and unlogged forests around the exploited areas is recommended to enhance pollen migration and to avoid long-term losses in genetic diversity.
Data from: Extensive seed and pollen dispersal and assortative mating in the rain forest tree Entandrophragma cylindricum (Meliaceae) inferred from indirect and direct analyses
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Data from: Mating system and genetic diversity of progenies before and after logging: a case study of Bagassa guianensis (Moraceae), a low-density dioecious tree of the Amazonian forest
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Data from: A novel method of comparing mating success and survival reveals similar sexual and viability selection for mobility traits in female tree crickets.
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Data from: Relationships between population density, fine-scale genetic structure, mating system and pollen dispersal in a timber tree from African rainforests.
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Data from: Primary pollinator exclusion has divergent consequences for pollen dispersal and mating in different populations of a bird-pollinated tree
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Data from: Effects of tree architecture on pollen dispersal and mating patterns in Abies pinsapo Boiss. (Pinaceae)
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Data from: Mating system and effective population size of the overexploited Neotropical tree (Myroxylon peruiferum L.f.) and their impact on seedling production
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Fig. 2 in Exposure to tea tree oil enhances the mating success of male Mediterranean fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Fig. 2. Number of matings (mean ± SE) obtained per replicate by wild-like medfly males exposed to TTO (treated) or not exposed (control) for 3 different post-exposure (pre-test) intervals for the treated males (exposed to 200 µL of 5% TTO on an uncovered wick for 1 h). Bar heights represent averages; whiskers represent 1 SE. Results of t-tests: 1 d: t = 4.8, P <0.001; 3 d: t = 2.4, P = 0.03; 5 d: t = 0.6, P = 0.53.
Fig. 3 in Exposure to tea tree oil enhances the mating success of male Mediterranean fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Fig. 3. Number of matings obtained per replicate by tsl males and wild-like males where tsl males were or were not exposed to TTO and tested either 1 d (A) or 3 d (B) afer exposure. Wild-like males were not exposed to the chemical in any trial. Bar heights represent averages; whiskers represent 1 SE. Results of t-tests: (A) 1 d post-exposure interval: treated tsl males t = 1.2, P = 0.24; nonexposed tsl males t = 6.8, P <0.001; (B) 3 d post-exposure interval: treated tsl males t = 7.4, P <0.001; non-exposed tsl males t = 6.6, P <0.001.
Data from: Tree crickets optimize the acoustics of baffles to exaggerate their mate-attraction signal
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Data from: Secondary compounds from exotic tree plantations change female mating preferences in the palmate newt (Lissotriton helveticus)
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