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143 results for “mating success”
Data from: Variation in nuptial colour in relation to sex, individual quality and mating success in the sex-role reversed red phalarope (Phalaropus fulicarius)
<p>In most bird species, males are more ornamented and compete for females, who contribute more to offspring care. In a minority of species this pattern is reversed, with more colourful females competing for mates and males taking care of parental duties. In such sex-role reversed species, the links between colourful ornamentation, individual quality and mating success are not well established. The red phalarope (<em>Phalaropus fulicarius</em>) is a colourful sex-role reversed migratory shorebird with regular social polyandry, in which both sexes show considerable colour variation. Here, we describe sex differences in colour and quantify associations between colour variation and indicators of quality and mating success in both sexes. Using a large sample of photos collected across three consecutive years on the Arctic breeding grounds, we scored colour variation for four body parts (bill, crown, cheek and breast), and analysed scores separately and combined into an overall colour score. Females were more colourful and larger than males, and individuals could be unambiguously sexed by crown colour. Nevertheless, there was substantial variation within sexes and some overlap between males and females in bill, cheek, breast, and overall colour scores. Assortative mating by colour was only found for the bill. Colour variation did not correlate with plasma testosterone levels, except for male cheek colour. Females in better body condition had yellower bills and higher overall colour scores, while early-arriving birds had higher breast and overall scores. Phalaropes that bred locally were heavier than those that did not, but they did not have higher colour scores. Female colour variation did not predict the probability of local social polyandry nor variation in clutch size, and male coloration did not predict the probability of nest predation. In conclusion, phalarope colour variation showed modest correlations with individual quality and was unrelated to variation in local reproductive success. </p>
Fig. 1 in Exposure to tea tree oil enhances the mating success of male Mediterranean fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Fig. 1. Number of matings (mean ± SE) obtained per replicate by wild-like medfly males exposed to TTO (treated) or not exposed (control) for the 3 different TTO concentrations provided to the treated males (the 5% and 50% doses represent TTO concentration [v/v] in a hexane solution). Bar heights represent averages; whiskers represent 1 SE. Results of t-tests: 5% solution: t = 4.8, P <0.001; 50% solution: t = 3.4, P = 0.003; pure (100%): t = 3.8, P <0.001; N = 12 replicates at each concentration.
Fig. 1 in Yeast hydrolysate deprivation and the mating success of male melon flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Fig. 1. Relative mating success of treated Z. cucurbitae males in field tent experiments as a function of duration of yeast hydrolysate (YH)-deprivation and cue-lure (CL) exposure, where treated males were cue-lure-deprived in Experiment 1 (solid circles) and cue-lure-fed in Experiment 2 (open circles). Values are means + 1 SE; N = 10 replicates in all cases.
Fig. 2 in Yeast hydrolysate deprivation and the mating success of male melon flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Fig. 2. Wing-fanning activity of control and treated males in laboratory cages. Control males were fed yeast hydrolysate (YH) continuously (and deprived of cue-lure [CL]), while treated males were deprived of yeast hydrolysate for 1 or 7 d prior to testing and were either denied or given access to cue-lure 1 d before testing. Bar heights represent average (+ 1 SE) number of males wing-fanning per 1-min check over 45 min preceding sunset on 8 different d (N = 8) for each treatment category.
Female mate choice in an arachnid with exclusive paternal care: males in good condition have higher mating success, but only if they can advertise it
<p><strong>Female mate choice in an arachnid with exclusive paternal care: males in good condition have higher mating success, but only if they can advertise it</strong></p> <p>This repository contains the .csv files used for the statistical analyses of the study "Female mate choice in an arachnid with exclusive paternal care: males in good condition have higher mating success, but only if they can advertise it". In case of questions, please email Laís A. Grossel: <a href="mailto:laisgrossel@gmail.com">laisgrossel@gmail.com</a></p> <p><strong>Data files and structure</strong></p> <p>We have files for verifying the manipulation of males' body condition and a file to assess males' mating success.</p> <p>With the file <strong>morphometry.csv</strong> we determined the body density of all males included in our experiment, using the formula of the ellipsoid: Volume = 4/3 * π * BL/2 * BW/2 * BH/2. In this file, we have the headers:</p> <ul> <li><strong>maleID:</strong> identity of manipulated males</li> <li><strong>visit:</strong> visits to the field, with 7 levels</li> <li><strong>manipulation:</strong> the moment of taking the measures, with 2 levels: before manipulation and after manipulation</li> <li><strong>diet:</strong> diet experimental group, with 2 levels: good and poor</li> <li><strong>body_length:</strong> in mm</li> <li><strong>body_width:</strong> in mm</li> <li><strong>body_height:</strong> in mm</li> <li><strong>body_mass:</strong> to the nearest 0.001 g</li> </ul> <p>With the file <strong>diet_manipulation.csv</strong> we compared the body density of parental males before and after manipulation within each experimental group. In this file, we have the headers:</p> <ul> <li><strong>maleID:</strong> identity of manipulated males</li> <li><strong>diet:</strong> diet experimental group, with 2 levels: good and poor</li> <li><strong>density_before:</strong> body density before manipulation of diet</li> <li><strong>density_after:</strong> body density after manipulation of diet</li> </ul> <p>With the file <strong>density_difference.csv</strong> we compared the body density between males of the two experimental groups after manipulation. In this file, we have the headers:</p> <ul> <li><strong>diet:</strong> diet experimental group, with 2 levels: good and poor</li> <li><strong>body_density:</strong> after manipulation, in g/mm3</li> </ul> <p>With the file <strong>clutches.csv</strong> we analysed the mating success of the males in the experimental groups after manipulation. In this file, we have the headers:</p> <ul> <li><strong>maleID:</strong> identity of manipulated males</li> <li><strong>visit:</strong> visits to the field, with 7 levels</li> <li><strong>diet:</strong> diet experimental group, with 2 levels: good and poor</li> <li><strong>glands:</strong> glands experimental group, with 2 levels: blocked and unblocked</li> <li><strong>exp_group:</strong> experimental group combining the manipulation of diet and glands, with 4 levels: GCBG (good condition and blocked glands), GCUG (good condition and unblocked glands), PCBG (poor condition and blocked glands) and PCUB (poor condition and unblocked glands)</li> <li><strong>clutch:</strong> if the male received eggs from females 15 or 30 days after manipulation, with 2 levels: 0 if the male did not receive eggs and 1 if the male received eggs</li> <li><strong>eggs_number:</strong> number of eggs received from females 15 or 30 days after manipulation</li> </ul>
Figure 1 in Breeding behaviour and mating success of Phyllomedusa rohdei (Anura, Hylidae) in south-eastern Brazil
Figure 1. Female of Phyllomedusa rohdei folding a leaf with her arms and legs, before entering amplexus. At this moment, the leaf is not immediately glued (drawing from a photo).
Data from: Reproductive senescence and mating tactic interact and conflict to drive reproductive success in a passerine
<p>An understanding of the drivers of individual fitness is a fundamental component of evolutionary ecology and life-history theory. Reproductive senescence, mate and mating tactic choice, and latent heterogeneity in individual quality interact to affect individual fitness. We sought to disentangle the effects of these fitness drivers, where longitudinal data are required to understand their respective impacts. We used reproductive allocation and success data from a long-term (1989-2018) study of white-throated dippers (Cinclus cinclus) in Switzerland to simultaneously examine the effects of female and male age, mating tactic, nest initiation date, and individual heterogeneity on reproductive performance. We modeled quadratic and categorical effects of age on reproductive parameters. The probability of polygyny increased with age in both sexes before declining in older age classes. Similarly, hatching probability in monogamous pairs and the number of nestlings hatched in both monogamous and polygynous pairs increased with female age before declining later in life. As predicted, offspring survival in monogamous pairs increased with male age before declining in older age classes, but male age had no effect on offspring survival in polygynous nesting attempts. Our results demonstrate that parental age, mating tactic, and individual heterogeneity all affect reproductive success, and that the impacts of senescent decline are expressed across different demographic components as a function of sex-specific senescent decline and mating tactic.</p>
Data from: The role of male body size in mating success and male-male competition in a false widow spider
<p>In many animals, body size is correlated with reproductive success. Selection sometimes generates striking differences in body size between males and females (i.e., sexual size dimorphism, SSD). SSD is common in spiders (Araneae), and is typically explained by selection for larger, more fecund females, and rapidly maturing, and consequently smaller males. Within a species males and females also often vary in body size. In the false widow spider (<em>Steatoda grossa</em>), females are larger than males and males trade off body size for rapid development and early maturation. Moreover, males exhibit considerable variation in body size, suggesting that under certain conditions there may be advantages to large size. Here, we tested the role of male body size on mating success under non-competitive and competitive mating conditions (i.e., male-male competition) in <em>S. grossa</em>. We found that body size did not influence mating success or copulation duration under non-competitive conditions, but that larger males were more successful at obtaining access to females under competitive mating conditions. Additionally, we found that total copulation duration was significantly lower when a rival male was present. Our results show a large male advantage under male-male competition, which we suggest may contribute to the high variation in male body size observed in <em>S. grossa</em>. We further suggest that the reduced copulation duration observed under competitive mating conditions may have potential ramifications for male and female reproductive success, and discuss how patterns of selection acting on male body size might limit the extent of SSD in this species.</p>
Organizational effects of testosterone on the number of mating partners and reproductive success in females of a social rodent
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Data from: Reproductive senescence and mating tactic interact and conflict to drive reproductive success in a passerine
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Data from: The influence of temperature on courtship and mate choice in a wolf spider: Implications for mating success in variable environments
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Data from: Variation in nuptial colour in relation to sex, individual quality and mating success in the sex-role reversed red phalarope (Phalaropus fulicarius)
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Data from: The role of male body size in mating success and male-male competition in a false widow spider
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Data from: Development time mediates the effect of larval diet on ageing and mating success of male antler flies in the wild
<p class="western">High-quality developmental environments often improve individual performance into adulthood, but allocating toward early life traits, such as growth, development rate and reproduction, may lead to trade-offs with late-life performance. It is, therefore, uncertain how a rich developmental environment will affect the ageing process (senescence), particularly in wild insects. To investigate the effects of early life environmental quality on insect life-history traits, including senescence, we reared larval antler flies (<i>Protopiophila litigata</i>) on four diets of varying nutrient concentration, then recorded survival and mating success of adult males released in the wild. Declining diet quality was associated with slower development, but had no effect on other life-history traits once development time was accounted for. Fast-developing males were larger and lived longer, but experienced more rapid senescence in survival and lower average mating rate compared to slow developers. Ultimately, larval diet, development time and body size did not predict lifetime mating success. Thus, a rich environment led to a mixture of apparent benefits and costs, mediated by development time. Our results indicate that 'silver spoon' effects can be complex and that development time mediates the response of adult life-history traits to early life environmental quality.</p>
Data from: Infrapopulation size and mate availability influence reproductive success of a parasitic plant
1. Aggregated distributions of parasite individuals across host individuals are nearly ubiquitous among parasitic taxa. The size and sex ratio of the population of one parasite species infecting a single host (hereafter "infrapopulation") can influence parasite fitness through intraspecific competition, mate availability, and the ability to attract vectors for transmission of parasite propagules. Competition for both resources and for pollen and seed vector services may limit reproductive success (pollen receipt, fruit production, and seed dispersal) in large infrapopulations of parasitic plants, while mate limitation or reduced ability to attract vectors may limit this success in small infrapopulations. 2. Using a dioecious parasitic plant, desert mistletoe (Phoradendron californicum), we experimentally removed reproductive tissue from male parasites in whole infrapopulations to test for independent effects of infrapopulation size and within-host mate availability on female fitness. As desert mistletoe requires both pollen and seed vectors for successful reproduction, the species provides the opportunity to test how infrapopulation characteristics affect multiple components of parasite fitness. 3. We found that insect-mediated pollen receipt decreased for parasites on treated hosts, consistent with within-host mate limitation. Additionally, the relationship between mate availability and fruit production per flower ranged from neutral to positive depending on year of the experiment. 4. As expected if competition for host resources limits reproductive success more than mate availability in larger infrapopulations, the greater pollen receipt to females in large infrapopulations did not generally translate into increased mistletoe fruit production. Relationships between mistletoe fruit production per flower and infrapopulation size ranged from negative to neutral. 5. Both pollen receipt and pollinator visitation increased with infrapopulation size, indicating that larger populations can be more attractive to pollen vectors independent of mate availability. However, we found no relationship between infrapopulation size and fruit removal by dispersers and, thus, no evidence that attraction of seed dispersal vectors increases with infrapopulation size. 6. Synthesis: These results highlight the interactive roles of within-host processes (resource competition, mate availability, and vector attraction) in determining the fitness of biotically-transmitted parasite individuals.
Data from: Correlational selection on personality and social plasticity: morphology and social context determine behavioural effects on mating success
Despite a central line of research aimed at quantifying relationships between mating success and sexually dimorphic traits (e.g., ornaments), individual variation in sexually selected traits often explains only a modest portion of the variation in mating success. Another line of research suggests that a significant portion of the variation in mating success observed in animal populations could be explained by correlational selection, where the fitness advantage of a given trait depends on other components of an individual's phenotype and/or its environment. We tested the hypothesis that interactions between multiple traits within an individual (phenotype dependence) or between an individual's phenotype and its social environment (context dependence) can select for individual differences in behaviour (i.e., personality) and social plasticity. To quantify the importance of phenotype- and context-dependent selection on mating success, we repeatedly measured the behaviour, social environment and mating success of about 300 male stream water striders, Aquarius remigis. Rather than explaining individual differences in long-term mating success, we instead quantified how the combination of a male's phenotype interacted with the immediate social context to explain variation in hour-by-hour mating decisions. We suggest that this analysis captures more of the mechanisms leading to differences in mating success. Males differed consistently in activity, aggressiveness and social plasticity. The mating advantage of these behavioural traits depended on male morphology and varied with the number of rival males in the pool, suggesting mechanisms selecting for consistent differences in behaviour and social plasticity. Accounting for phenotype and context dependence improved the amount of variation in male mating success we explained statistically by 30–274%. Our analysis of the determinants of male mating success provides important insights into the evolutionary forces that shape phenotypic variation. In particular, our results suggest that sexual selection is likely to favour individual differences in behaviour, social plasticity (i.e., individuals adjusting their behaviour), niche preference (i.e., individuals dispersing to particular social conditions) or social niche construction (i.e., individuals modifying the social environment). The true effect of sexual traits can only be understood in interaction with the individual's phenotype and environment.
Data for: The suppression of a selfish genetic element increases a male's mating success in a fly
<p>X chromosome meiotic drive (XCMD) kills Y-bearing sperm during spermatogenesis, leading to the biased transmission of the selfish X chromosome. Despite this strong transmission, some natural XCMD systems remain at low and stable frequencies, rather than rapidly spreading through populations. The reason may be that male carriers can have reduced fitness, as they lose half of their sperm, only produce daughters, and may carry deleterious alleles associated with XCMD. Thus, females may benefit from avoiding mating with male carriers, yielding a further reduction in fitness. Genetic suppressors of XCMD, which block the killing of Y sperm and restore fair Mendelian inheritance, are also common and could prevent the spread of XCMD. However, whether suppressed males are as fit as a wild-type male remains an open question, and the effect that genetic suppressors may have on a male's mating success is rarely considered. Here, we investigate the mating ability of XCMD males and suppressed XCMD males in comparison to wild-type males in the fruit fly <em>Drosophila subobscura</em>, where drive remains at a stable frequency of 20% in wild populations where it occurs. We use both competitive and non-competitive mating trials to evaluate male mating success in this system. We found no evidence that unsuppressed XCMD males were discriminated against. Remarkably, however, their suppressed XCMD counterparts had a higher male mating success compared to wild-type controls. Unsuppressed XCMD males suffered 12% lower offspring production in comparison to wild-type males. This cost appears too weak to counter the transmission advantage of XCMD, and thus the factors preventing the spread of XCMD remain unclear.</p>
Behavioral estimates of mating success corroborate genetic evidence for pre-copulatory selection
<p>In promiscuous species, fitness estimates obtained from genetic parentage may often reflect both pre- and post-copulatory components of sexual selection. Directly observing copulations can help isolate the role of pre-copulatory selection, but such behavioral data are difficult to obtain in the wild and may also overlook post-copulatory factors that alter the relationship between mating success and reproductive success. To overcome these limitations, we combined genetic parentage analysis with behavioral estimates of size-specific mating in a wild population of brown anole lizards (<em>Anolis sagrei</em>). Males of this species are twice as large as females and multiple mating among females is common, suggesting the scope for both pre- and post-copulatory processes to shape sexual selection on male body size. Our genetic estimates of reproductive success revealed strong positive directional selection for male size, which was also strongly associated with the number of mates inferred from parentage. In contrast, a male's size was not associated with the fecundity of his mates or his competitive fertilization success. By simultaneously tracking copulations in the wild via the transfer of colored powder to females by males from different size quartiles, we independently confirmed that large males were more likely than small males to mate. We conclude that body size is primarily under pre-copulatory sexual selection in brown anoles, and that post-copulatory processes do not substantially alter this pre-copulatory selection. Our study also illustrates the utility of combining both behavioral and genetic methods to estimate mating success to disentangle pre- and post-copulatory processes in promiscuous species.</p>
Low toxicity crop fungicide (Fenbuconazole) impacts reproductive male quality signals leading to a reduction of mating success in a wild solitary bee
<p>Recent reports on bee health suggest that sub-lethal doses of pesticides have negative effects on wild bee reproduction and ultimately on their population growth.</p> <p>Females of the solitary horned mason bee, Osmia cornuta, evaluate thoracic vibrations and odours of males to assess male quality. When certain criteria are met, the female accepts the male and copulates. However, these signals were found to be modified by sub-lethal doses of pesticides in other hymenopterans. Here, we tested whether sub-lethal doses of a commonly used fungicide (Fenbuconazole) impact male quality signals and mating success in O. cornuta.</p> <p>Males exposed to Fenbuconazole exhibited reduced thoracic vibrations and an altered cuticular hydrocarbon profile compared to the control bees. Moreover, males exposed to the fungicide were less successful in mating than control males.</p> <p>Synthesis and applications: Our results indicate that a low toxicity fungicide can negatively affect male reproductive success by altering behavioural and chemical cues. This could explain the decreasing pollinator populations in a pesticide-polluted environment. This study highlights the need for a more comprehensive approach, including behaviour and chemical cues, when testing new pesticides and a more cautionary approach to the pesticides already used on crops.</p>
Data from: Increased signal complexity is associated with increased mating success
<p>The evolution of complex signaling has often been explored by testing multiple functional hypotheses that vary in their underlying assumptions about how independent signal components provide selective benefits to offset the costs of their production. In the present study, we take a different approach to exploring the function of complexity per se. We test the hypothesis that increased vibratory signal complexity – based on both proportional and temporal patterning - provides selective benefits to courting male <em>Schizocosa stridulans</em> wolf spiders. In support of this hypothesis, all of our quantified metrics of vibratory signal complexity predicted the copulation success of male <em>S. stridulans</em>. The rate of visual signaling, which is mechanistically tied to vibratory signal production, was also associated with mating success. We additionally found evidence that males can dynamically adjust the complexity of their signaling. Together, our results suggest that complexity per se may be a target of female choice.</p>
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