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211 results for “mating system”
Data files for Competitive ability depends on mating system and ploidy level across Capsella species
<p>The three data files associated with the article:</p> <p>Competitive ability depends on mating system and ploidy level across Capsella species. Annals Of Botany 2022: doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcac044</p> <p>See README for details on each files</p>
Data from: Differential gene expression in relation to mating system in Peromyscine rodents
Behaviors that increase an individual's exposure to pathogens are expected to have important effects on immunoactivity. Because sexual reproduction typically requires close contact among conspecifics, mating systems provide an ideal opportunity to study the immunogenetic correlates of behaviors with high versus low risks of pathogen exposure. Despite logical links between polygynandrous mating behavior, increased pathogen exposure, and greater immunoactivity, these relationships have seldom been examined in nonhuman vertebrates. To explore interactions among these variables in a different lineage of mammals, we used RNAseq to study the gene expression profiles of liver tissue—a highly immunoactive organ—from sympatric populations of the monogamous California mouse (Peromyscus californicus) and two polygynandrous congeners (P. maniculatus and P. boylii). Differential expression and co‐expression analyses revealed distinct patterns of gene activity among species, with much of this variation associated with differences in mating system. This tendency was particularly pronounced for MHC genes, with multiple MHC Class I genes being upregulated in the two polygynandrous species, as expected if exposure to sexually transmitted pathogens varies with mating system. Our results underscore the role of mating behavior in influencing patterns of gene expression and highlight the use of emerging transcriptomic tools in behavioral studies of free‐living animals.
Data: Testing the mating system model of parasite complex life cycle evolution reveals demographically driven mixed mating
<p>Abstract: Many parasite species use multiple host species to complete development; however, empirical tests of models that seek to understand factors impacting evolutionary changes or maintenance of host number in parasite life cycles are scarce. Specifically, Brown et al.’s (2001) mating system model, which posits multi-host life cycles are an adaptation to prevent inbreeding in hermaphroditic parasites and thus, preclude inbreeding depression, remains untested. The model assumes loss of a host results in parasite inbreeding and predicts host loss can only evolve if there is no parasite inbreeding depression. <a name="_Hlk169780726"></a>We provide the first empirical tests of this model using a novel approach we developed for assessing inbreeding depression from field-collected, parasite samples. The method compares genetically-based, selfing-rate estimates to a demographic-based selfing rate, which was derived from the closed mating system experienced by endoparasites. Results from the hermaphroditic trematode <em>Alloglossidium renale</em>, which has a derived 2-host life cycle, supported both the assumption and prediction of the mating system model as this highly inbred species had no indication of inbreeding depression. Additionally, comparisons of genetic and demographic selfing rates revealed <a name="_Hlk169781073"></a>a mixed mating system that could be explained completely by the parasite’s demography, i.e., its infection intensities.</p>
Inbreeding depression, functional traits and phenotypic plasticity in an endangered tree species from Congo basin with a mixed mating system
<h3><span>Inbreeding depression, functional traits and phenotypic plasticity in an endangered tree species from Congo basin with a mixed mating system</span></h3> <h1><a name="_Hlk166486742"></a><strong><span>Abstract</span></strong></h1> <p><span><span>1. Most tree species can suffer from inbreeding depression (ID), which they escape by reproducing predominantly through outcrossing. A remarkable exception is <em>Pericopsis elata</em>, an African timber species naturally producing 54% of self-fertilized seeds in the eastern Congo Basin. This species is highly logged and suffers from a deficit of natural regeneration, so that silviculture is needed for its sustainable management. While selecting good genetic material can increase the value of plantations, we lack fundamental biological knowledge on the effect of inbreeding and competition on growth potential, variability in leaf traits and phenotypic plasticity. We hypothesize that ID in <em>P. elata</em> could result from the expression of deleterious mutations affecting functional traits, or from a reduction of adaptive phenotypic plasticity in inbred genotypes.</span></span></p> <p><span><span>2. To test our hypotheses, 540 <em>P. elata</em> seedlings were monitored for 4 years in a Nelder-type device located in the DRC, in which trees were planted along concentric circles to generate a density gradient. Nine leaf morphological traits (including specific leaf area, stomata density and size), eight leaf chemical traits, diameter, and total height were measured regularly, while paternity analyses allowed distinguishing inbred and outbred plants. To explain the observed ID on growth, we tested whether inbreeding affected leaf traits and/or their plasticity expressed across years, across the density gradient or across sunlight exposure. </span></span></p> <p><span><span>3. Outbred plants grew faster than inbred ones, demonstrating ID for each level of competition. Despite the significant correlation found between specific leaf area and growth, and the impact of planting density, plant age, and leaf exposure to sunlight on multiple traits, mean leaf trait values did not differ according to inbreeding. However, </span></span><span><span>a few leaf traits (chlorophyl content, </span></span><span><span>maximum stomatal water vapor conductance</span></span><span><span>, and leaf fresh mass) showed significantly higher plasticity in outbred than inbred plants. </span></span></p> <p><span><span>4. Synthesis: the observed ID on growth was not explained by a direct effect of inbreeding on the mean values of functional traits but possibly by a reduction of phenotypic plasticity with inbreeding. Additional studies on the interplay between ID, functional traits and plasticity should be conducted at the intra-specific level to identify general patterns<em>.</em></span></span></p> <p><span><strong><span>Key-words : </span></strong></span><span><span>Inbreeding depression, phenotypic plasticity, silviculture, functionals traits, <em>Pericopsis elata</em>, mating system, Nelder device.</span></span></p>
Figure 3. A in The scramble competition mating system of the sphecid wasp Palmodes praestans (Kohl)
Figure 3. A male (marked with a white dot on the thorax) mounted on a female of Palmodes praestans during a period when the pair was not copulating.
Figure 1 in The scramble competition mating system of the sphecid wasp Palmodes praestans (Kohl)
Figure 1. The total number of records of males of Palmodes praestans seen patrolling in an area roughly 15×40 m in the Usery Mountains, Arizona on two mornings in April 2004. Each sample was made over a 10-min period beginning at the time shown on the x-axis.
Figure 2 in The scramble competition mating system of the sphecid wasp Palmodes praestans (Kohl)
Figure 2. The number of times each of 17 different males was seen again within the observation site where he was captured initially and marked.
Differences in mating system and predicted parental conflict affect post-pollination reproductive isolation in a flowering plant
<p>Mating system shifts from outcrossing to selfing are frequent in plant evolution. Relative to outcrossing, selfing is associated with reduced parental conflict over seed provisioning, which may result in postzygotic, asymmetric, reproductive isolation in crosses between populations of different mating systems. To test the hypothesis that post-pollination reproductive isolation between populations increases with increasing differences in mating system and predicted parental conflict, we performed a crossing experiment involving all combinations of three self-compatible populations (with low outcrossing rates), and three self-incompatible populations (with high outcrossing rates) of the arctic-alpine herb Arabis alpina, assessing fitness-related seed and plant traits of the progeny. Predicted levels of parental conflict ("genome strength") were quantified based on strength of self-incompatibility and estimates of outcrossing rates. Crosses between self-compatible and self-incompatible populations yielded very small seeds of low viability, resulting in strong reproductive isolation. In 14 of 15 reciprocal between-population crosses, seeds were heavier when the paternal plant had the stronger genome, and seed mass differences between cross directions increased with an increased difference in parental conflict. Overall, our results suggest that, when sufficiently large, differences in mating system and hence in expected parental conflict may result in strong post-pollination reproductive barriers contributing to speciation.</p>
Data used in manuscript, "Context-dependent concordance between physiological divergence and phenotypic selection in sister taxa with contrasting phenology and mating systems"
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Differences in mating system and predicted parental conflict affect post-pollination reproductive isolation in a flowering plant
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Data from: Differential gene expression in relation to mating system in Peromyscine rodents
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Data from: Fruit resources shape sexual selection processes in a lek mating system
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Data from: Inbreeding depression affects the growth of seedlings of an African timber species with a mixed mating reproductive system, Pericopsis elata (Harms) Meeuwen
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Climate and mating systems as drivers of global diversity of parental care in frogs
<p><b>Aim</b></p> <p>Amphibians exhibit unusually diverse reproductive modes, including a wide array of parental care strategies. The evolutionary drivers of this diversity, however, remain unclear. Here we investigate three major factors which may predict interspecific variation in parental care strategies: climate, intrasexual selection and social environment. We hypothesise that some care forms evolved to cope with harsh conditions such as dry or unpredictable habitats. We contrast this prediction with the hypothesis that parental roles have coevolved with the social environment and mating systems. </p> <p><b>Location</b></p> <p>Global.</p> <p><b>Major taxa studied</b></p> <p>Frogs and toads (Anura, Amphibia).</p> <p><b>Time period</b></p> <p>Extant taxa that represent approximately 220 million years of evolutionary history</p> <p><b>Methods</b></p> <p>Using geographic and behavioural data for 971 species of frogs and toads that represent 45 anuran families, we quantify the global distribution of four forms of parenting separately for males and females: nest building, nest and/or tadpole attendance, carrying and nourishment. We use phylogenetic comparative analyses to investigate whether climate, social environment and mating systems predict interspecific variation in parental care.</p> <p><b>Results</b></p> <p>Our results show that climatic effects contribute to parental care diversity: under cool and humid climates males provide offspring attendance, while endotrophy, whereby the female provides all nutrients for the offspring until metamorphosis, occurs under predictable temperatures. In addition, we found other associations between mating systems and parental care forms: uniparental clutch attendance by males is present in species with territorial defence, while cooperative nest building co-occurs with sperm competition. The type of parental care is not associated with adult sex ratios.</p> <p><b>Main conclusions</b></p> <p>No specific form of care is associated with hostile environments; actually, some care forms occur under beneficial conditions, while others are used independently from the climate. Instead, parenting diversity has closely coevolved with mating systems in frogs.</p>
Density-dependent changes of mating system and family structure in Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii)
<p>A mating system is an important life history for animals dealing with changing environments. Population density affects the plasticity of a mating system and subsequently the family structure of animals, but its impacts on mating systems and social structures are rarely investigated by using molecular markers in field conditions. In this study, using microsatellite genetic markers, we examined the changes in the social and genetic mating system and family structure of Brandt's voles in the grassland of Inner Mongolia, China, under low-, medium-, and high-density enclosures (each enclosure 0.48-ha with 4 replicates.) We found, that with the increase in population density of the founder voles introduced into the enclosure in early spring, both sexes increased their number of genetic mating partners, while males increased their social partners, resulting in a more promiscuous mating system. The number of genetic fathers and mothers per family, the number of social offspring per founder male or female, and the proportion of extra-group offspring increased with increased density, indicating that the response of the family structure to density change which is consistent with the change in mating system observed in our study. Both male and female voles had multiple mates, but males had a larger number of social and genetic mates, the number of social and genetic offspring, and the number of social and genetic families. Our study highlights the significance of density-dependent plasticity of a mating system and family structure in affecting the population change of small mammals.</p>
Population genomic consequences of life history and mating system adaptation to a geothermal soil mosaic in yellow monkeyflowers (common garden phenotype data)
<p>Local selection can promote phenotypic divergence despite gene flow across habitat mosaics, but adaptation itself may generate substantial barriers to genetic exchange. In plants, life-history, phenology, and mating system divergence have been proposed to promote genetic differentiation in sympatry. In this study, we investigate phenotypic and genetic variation in <em>Mimulus guttatus</em> (yellow monkeyflowers) across a geothermal soil mosaic in Yellowstone National Park (YNP). Plants from thermal annual and nonthermal perennial habitats were heritably differentiated for life history and mating system traits, consistent with local adaptation to the ephemeral thermal-soil growing season. However, genome-wide genetic variation primarily clustered plants by geographic region, with little variation sorting by habitat. The one exception was an extreme thermal population also isolated by a 200m geographical gap of no intermediate habitat. Individual inbreeding coefficients (F<sub>IS</sub>) were higher (and predicted by trait variation) in annual plants and annual pairs showed greater isolation by distance at local (<1km) scales. Finally, YNP adaptation does not re-use a widespread inversion that underlies <em>M. guttatus</em> life-history ecotypes range-wide, suggesting a novel genetic mechanism. Overall, this work suggests that life history and mating system adaptation strong enough to shape individual mating patterns does not necessarily generate incipient speciation without geographical barriers.</p>
Data from: A low-latitude species pump: Peripheral isolation, parapatric speciation and mating-system evolution converge in a marine radiation
<p><span>Geologically recent radiation can shed light on speciation processes, but incomplete lineage sorting and introgressive gene flow render accurate evolutionary reconstruction and interpretation challenging. Independently evolving metapopulations of low-dispersal taxa may provide an additional level of phylogeographic information, given sufficiently broad sampling and genome-wide sequencing. Evolution in the marine brown algal genus </span><span>Fucus</span><span> in the south-eastern Atlantic was shaped by Quaternary climate-driven range shifts. Over this timescale, divergence and speciation occurred against a background of expansion-contraction cycles from multiple refugia, together with mating-system shifts from outcrossing (dioecy) to selfing hermaphroditism. We tested the hypothesis that peripheral isolation of range edge (dioecious) </span><span>F. vesiculosus</span><span> led to parapatric speciation and radiation of hermaphrodite lineages. Species tree methods using 876 single-copy nuclear genes and extensive geographic coverage produced conflicting topologies with respect to geographic clades of </span><span>F. vesiculosus</span><span>. All methods, however, revealed a new and early diverging hermaphrodite species, </span><span>Fucus macroguiryi</span><span> sp. Nov. Both the multispecies coalescent and polymorphism-aware models (in contrast to concatenation) support sequential paraphyly in </span><span>F. vesiculosus</span><span> resulting from distinct evolutionary processes. Our results support 1) peripheral isolation of the southern </span><span>F. vesiculosus</span><span> clade prior to parapatric speciation and radiation of hermaphrodite lineages – a "low latitude species pump". 2) Directional introgressive gene flow into </span><span>F. vesiculosus</span><span> around the present-day secondary contact zone (sympatric-allopatric boundary) between dioecious/hermaphrodite lineages as hermaphrodites expanded northwards, as supported by concordance analysis and statistical tests of introgression. Species boundaries in the extensive sympatric range are likely maintained by reproductive system (selfing in hermaphrodites) and reinforcement.</span></p>
A global analysis of aerial displays in passerines revealed an effect of habitat, mating system and migratory traits
<p><span>Aerial displaying is a flamboyant part of the sexual behaviour of several volant animal groups, including birds. Nevertheless, little attention has been focused on identifying correlates of large-scale diversity in this trait. In this study, we scored the presence and absence of aerial displays in males of 1,732 species of passerine birds (Passeriformes) and employed Bayesian phylogenetically informed mixed models to test for associations between aerial displays and a set of life-history and environmental predictors. Our multivariate models revealed that species with males that perform aerial displays inhabited open rather than closed (forested) habitats. These species also exhibited higher levels of polygyny, had more elongated wings, migrated over longer distances and bred at higher latitudes. When we included species where the sexual function of displays has not been explicitly described but is likely to occur, we found that aerial displaying was also associated with smaller body size and increased male plumage colouration. Our results suggest that both sexual selection and natural selection have been important sources of selection on aerial displays in passerines.</span></p>
Interactive effects of arrival date, territory quality and male polyterritorial behaviour on the mating system of the sedge warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus – a path analysis
<p>Classical models predict that male fitness is based on resources monopolized and invested in reproduction, and/or on individual quality providing offspring with sexually attractive traits or viable genes. However, these factors are frequently correlated, making their relative influence on male fitness difficult to describe and quantify. We analysed the relative influence of the main features of the sedge warbler's (<em>Acrocephalus schoenobaenus</em>) breeding system, i.e. age, arrival date, territory quality, male sexual activity (song and polyterritorial behaviour), on males' mating success, fledging success and local recruitment. Results show that this species' breeding system involves three main paths: (1) earlier-arriving males have higher mating success, regardless of territory quality, (2) the quality of territories pre-empted by earlier males directly influences recruitment, and (3) mating success is influenced by male sexual activity (polyterritorial behaviour), but an additional territory also affects recruitment directly. As arrival date plays a significant role in all the paths, the whole system seems to depend on male quality; although the benefits accruing to male fitness are obtained not only through sexual selection but also through resource monopolization.</p>
Data from: Molecular sibship reconstruction reveals a promiscuous mating system in brood parasitic little bronze-cuckoos (Chalcites minutillus)
<p>In theory, emancipation from parental care is expected to favour promiscuous mating systems. However, in avian brood parasites monogamy is surprisingly widespread and it has been proposed that this may be favoured by factors such as low population density and territoriality. Correspondingly, our previous research revealed that brood parasitic Horsfield's bronze-cuckoos (<em>Chalcites basalis)</em>, which occur at low population densities and defend territories, are monogamous. Here, we contrast this study with the mating system of the congeneric little bronze-cuckoo (<em>C. minutillus)</em>, an obligate brood parasite that exploits more concentrated hosts and is therefore likely to occur at higher population densities. We use single nucleotide polymorphisms to characterise the reproductive patterns of unsampled adults by inferring sibling relationships among 30 offspring. We show that 1) little bronze-cuckoos occurred at high densities, 2) polygamy was the most common mating pattern found in this study in both sexes, and 3) where multiple cuckoo eggs are laid in the same nest, they were unrelated. These results indicate that females do not defend exclusive territories and males do not defend multiple females (polygyny). Instead, little bronze-cuckoos appear to have a non-territorial, promiscuous mating system. Our results are consistent with theoretical predictions that polygamy is more likely to evolve in species that are emancipated from parental care, where there are plenty of available mates and where home ranges are not defended.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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