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17 results for “meadow restoration”
Ecology and restoration of montane meadows at Bunchgrass Ridge near the Andrews Experimental Forest, 1999-2013
In a region dominated by coniferous forests, montane meadows contribute greatly to landscape diversity, wildlife habitat, and other important ecological functions and societal values. Throughout the Pacific Northwest, suppression of fire and changes in climate and grazing pressure have led to rapid succession of meadow to forest. Faced by gradual loss of these habitats, land managers are experimenting with tree removal and prescribed fire as tools for restoration. Research at Bunchgrass Ridge explores the history of conifer encroachment, the consequences for meadow vegetation, and the potential to restore native meadows through tree removal and prescribed burning. Spatially explicit reconstructions of the invasion history provide the context for a large-scale restoration experiment testing the efficacy of tree removal, with or without prescribed fire. Measurements from the experimental plots include pre- and post-treatment data on plant species composition for subplots of known invasion history. Data from adjacent, uninvaded meadows serve as targets for assessing restoration success. Our ultimate goal is to determine whether tree removal is sufficient to reverse the effects of encroachment, whether fire is also necessary, and whether the duration or density of invasion pose barriers to meadow reassembly.
Long-term studies of secondary succession and community assembly in the prairie-forest ecotone of eastern Kansas, Hay meadow restoration experiment
Local and regional-scale processes interact to govern the assembly, diversity and functioning of ecological communities. Evaluating the interplay of these differently-scaled processes in the regulation of ecological systems is a challenging problem, but is crucial towards understanding and predicting the potential effects of accelerated human activity on biological diversity and ecosystem sustainability. Since 2000, two long-term field experiments have been underway in grasslands of eastern Kansas to investigate the interplay of soil resource availability, species interactions and regional processes governing plant secondary succession, community assembly, biodiversity, and ecosystem functioning. Both experiments involve manipulations of soil nutrients in permanent grassland study plots and employ multi-species seed addition treatments to evaluate the contribution of dispersal limitation and regional constraints on local species pools to the regulation of plant community dynamics. Hay meadow restoration experiment, previously funded by USDA, was established in 2000 in a section of the field that was left unplowed at the start of the experiment. Thus Experiment 2 was initiated in the context of secondary succession on recently abandoned cool-season hayfield where hay grass species were dominant at the start of the study. In this experiment we have been monitoring plant community change annually since 2001 in response to two aspects of hay management important in our area: annual fertilization and annual haying. The experimental design involves factorial manipulations of nutrient supply (two levels of NPK fertilization), annual haying (two levels: hayed; not hayed) and propagule input achieved by adding seeds of 41 native prairie species to half of the plots. Experiment 2 parallels Experiment 1 with manipulations of soil resources and species pools, but does so in the contexts of hay management and native prairie hay meadow restoration.
PIE LTER measurements of the two tallest Phragmites australis stems per five meter interval along transects at the Argilla Rd. salt marsh restoration site (Ipswich, MA) and Rough Meadows reference marsh (Rowley, MA – Stackyard Road area).
The file contains measurements of the two tallest Phragmites australis stems per five meter interval along transects at the Argilla Rd. salt marsh restoration site (Ipswich, MA) and Rough Meadows reference marsh (Rowley, MA – Stackyard Road area). The culvert feeding Argilla Marsh was enlarged in late November 1998, thus data from 1999 onward is considered as representing a hydrologically restored marsh. A long term study not directly part of the PIE LTER, but a companion study related to tidal restrictions and hydrological alterations of salt marshes in the Plum Island ecosystem.
PIE LTER plant species percent cover in quadrats along vegetation transects at the Argilla Rd. salt marsh restoration site (Ipswich) and Rough Meadows reference marsh (Rowley – Stackyard Road area), Massachusetts.
Plant species percent cover in quadrats along vegetation transects at the Argilla Rd. salt marsh restoration site (Ipswich) and Rough Meadows reference marsh (Rowley – Stackyard Road area), Massachusetts. A long term study not directly part of the PIE LTER, but a companion study related to tidal restrictions and hydrological alterations of salt marshes in the Plum Island ecosystem.
PIE LTER geographic information regarding vegetation transects set up at the Argilla Rd. Salt marsh restoration site in Ipswich and a reference marsh (Rough Meadows) in Rowley, Massachusetts.
A description of the vegetation transects set up at the Argilla Rd. Salt marsh restoration site in Ipswich, MA and a reference marsh (Rough Meadows) in Rowley, MA.
PIE LTER plant species presence along vegetation transects at the Argilla Rd. salt marsh restoration site (Ipswich) and Rough Meadows reference marsh (Rowley – Stackyard Road area), Massachusetts.
Plant species presence along vegetation transects at the Argilla Rd. salt marsh restoration site (Ipswich) and Rough Meadows reference marsh (Rowley – Stackyard Road area). A long term study not directly part of the PIE LTER, but a companion study related to tidal restrictions and hydrological alterations of salt marshes in the Plum Island ecosystem..
Oxygen Flux in a Restored Seagrass Meadow on the Coast of Virginia, 2011-2012
Oxygen flux was measured seasonally using the eddy correlation technique in a restored eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) meadow in the Virginia coastal bays (USA). In 5 intensive field campaigns, we covered seasonal variation in oxygen metabolism and biomass with overlap in late summer to observe interannual variability.
Dataset for "Structural complexity and benthic metabolism: resolving the links between carbon cycling and biodiversity in restored seagrass meadows"
<p>This dataset accompanies the article "Structural complexity and benthic metabolism: resolving the links between carbon cycling and biodiversity in restored seagrass meadows" accepted for publication in Biogeosciences (https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-173). The dataset includes benthic fluxes and biodiversity data in from bare sediments, restored <em>Zostera marina</em> and a natural <em>Z. marina</em> meadow collected in Gåsö, Sweden (58.2325, 11.3984) between July 05 - July 20, 2022. </p>
Data for Ferretto et al, 2021 "Naturally-detached fragments of the endangered seagrass Posidonia australis collected by citizen scientists can be used to successfully restore fragmented meadows"
<p>Please find attached the data for the manuscript "Ferretto et al, 2021" and a brief description of each file.</p>
Resistance and resilience of species composition: Thirty years of experimental mismanagement and subsequent restoration in a species rich meadow
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Data from: Estimation of metabolic dynamics of restored seagrass meadows in a Southeast Asia Islet: Insights from ex situ benthic incubation
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Evaluating the success of upland hay meadow restoration in the North Pennines, UK, using green hay transfer
<p>1. Traditionally managed mesotrophic species-rich upland hay meadows conforming to the National Vegetation Classification (NVC) MG3b, are one of the rarest grassland types in the UK, with substantial declines in botanical diversity over the last 50 years. Intensive spring grazing, earlier cut dates and increases in soil fertility causes a decline in characteristic positive indicator species in MG3b meadows, shifting communities from species-rich MG3b, to NVC MG6 meadows, and finally to species-poor NVC MG7 meadows. </p> <p>2. The North Pennines Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) Partnership's Hay Time project aimed to improve the knowledge of upland hay meadows, and to investigate the success of seed addition of key positive indicator species. A landscape-scale restoration programme was undertaken between 2006 and 2012, harvesting seed from 82 species-rich donor meadows and spreading seed onto 89 receptor meadows (2282ha). Seed was harvested as green hay, using two types of donors: an MG6 donor (classed as restoration, with species such as <em>Rhinanthus minor</em>), or using an MG3b donor (classed as enhancement, with species such as <em>Geranium sylvaticum</em>). All 89 meadows were monitored, with a baseline botanical survey, and a repeat survey three to five years after seed addition. In addition, 41 meadows that did not have seed addition were monitored (controls). </p> <p>3. Species-richness, diversity and floristic composition improved in 77 meadows three to five years after seed addition. Eighteen plant species had an increase in frequency in the receptor meadows but did not increase in frequency in the control meadows. The most successful were eight positive indicators which were annuals or fast-growing perennial plants (<em>Anthoxanthum odoratum</em>, <em>Euphrasia</em> spp., <em>Myosotis discolor</em>, <em>Plantago lanceolata</em>, <em>Ranunculus acris,</em> <em>R. minor</em>, <em>Trifolium dubium</em> and <em>Trifolium pratense</em>)<em>. </em>However, rarer characteristic MG3b plants such as <em>Alchemilla</em> spp., <em>G. sylvaticum</em>, and <em>Cirsium heterophyllum </em>showed little signs of establishing.</p> <p>4. Botanical evidence is demonstrating that seed addition using green hay is a successful way of restoring meadows to an MG6 community. What is now needed is an effective method to establish characteristic MG3b plants. Hand-collecting seeds and establishing plug plants, alongside seed addition and maintaining traditional management practises is one possible way forward.</p>
Microbial community from species rich meadow supports plant specialists during meadow restoration
<p>Soil properties and soil microbial communities can greatly affect plant communities, especially in disturbed ecosystems. However, their relative contribution to the final effect on plants has rarely been assessed.</p> <p>We manipulated the soil microbial community in microcosms by inoculating sterilized soils originating from preserved species-rich meadow and a restored meadow with a high and low diversity of microbial inoculum (manipulated by dilution of microbial community extract) from those soils in full factorial manner, yielding eight treatments (2 soil origins × 2 inoculum sources × 2 levels of inoculum diversity).</p> <p>In general, the biomass of plant meadow specialists (Filipendula vulgaris, Phleum phleoides, and Prunella grandiflora) was greater with the preserved meadow inoculum than with the restored meadow inoculum but tended to be greater in the restored meadow soil than in the preserved meadow soil. Two meadow generalists (Festuca rubra, and Centaurea jacea) were not significantly affected by soil origin, inoculum source, or inoculum diversity, but third generalist Plantago media produced greater biomass in the preserved meadow soil than in the restored meadow soil.</p> <p>Total aboveground biomass was not affected by the treatments, but total belowground biomass was greater with microbial inoculum from the preserved meadow than from the restored meadow, and this increase was greater in the restored meadow soil than in the preserved meadow soil.</p> <p>Our results indicate strong responses of the preserved meadow specialists to the soil microbial community, which may explain why they are rare in the meadows that were restored following agricultural use.</p>
Restoring function: positive responses of carbon and nitrogen to 20 years of hydrologic restoration in montane meadows
<p>Montane meadows are highly productive ecosystems that contain high densities of soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). However, anthropogenic disturbances that lead to channel incision and disconnected floodplain hydrology have altered the C balance of many meadows, converting them from net C sinks to net sources of C to the atmosphere. Restoration efforts designed to reconnect floodplain hydrology may slow rates of soil C loss from degraded meadows and restore conditions for C sequestration and N immobilization, yet questions remain about the long-term impact of such efforts. Here, we used a 22-year meadow restoration chronosequence to measure the decadal impact of hydrologic restoration on above- and belowground C and N stocks and concentrations. Increases in herbaceous vegetation biomass preceded changes in soil C stocks, with the largest gains occurring belowground. Root biomass (0-15 cm) increased at a rate of 270.3 g m<sup>-2</sup> y<sup>-1</sup> and soil C stocks (0-15 cm) increased by 232.9 g C m<sup>-2</sup> y<sup>-1</sup> across the chronosequence. Increases in soil C concentration (2.99 g C kg<sup>-1</sup> y<sup>-1</sup>) were tightly coupled with increases in soil N concentration (0.21 g N kg<sup>-1</sup> y<sup>-1</sup>) and soil C:N did not vary with time since restoration. Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy results show that the fraction of labile aliphatic C-H and carboxylate C-O (COO) compounds in the soil increased with age of restoration and were positively correlated with soil C and N concentration. Our results demonstrate that restoration of floodplain hydrology in montane meadows has significant impacts on belowground C and N stocks, soil C and N concentration, and soil C chemistry within the first two decades following restoration.</p>
Restoring function: positive responses of carbon and nitrogen to 20 years of hydrologic restoration in montane meadows
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Evaluating the success of upland hay meadow restoration in the North Pennines, UK, using green hay transfer
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Microbial community from species rich meadow supports plant specialists during meadow restoration
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