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108 results for “melanism”
MELAN-A EXPRESSION RELATED TO APOPTOSIS OF MELANOCYTES IN SEGMENTAL AND NONSEGMENTAL VITILIGO
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p><strong>Background: </strong>Vitiligo is a progressive depigmentation of the skin with unclear etiology. Cell-mediated immunity has been suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo’s progression. Melan-A has a high affinity for specific CD8+ T cells and is one of the critical markers for detecting damage to melanocytes. </p> <p><strong>Aim: </strong>Our study aims to demonstrate the differences of Melan-A expression associated with apoptosis of melanocytes in patients with segmental vitiligo (SV) and those with non-segmental vitiligo (NSV). </p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> The subjects consisted of 64 patients diagnosed with vitiligo, of whom 33 were with NSV and 31 with SV. Skin biopsy and direct immunofluorescence were used to examine Melan-A, and the TUNEL method was performed to examine melanocyte apoptosis in both groups. Group comparisons were conducted using appropriate statistical methods. </p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>Melan-A expression was significantly higher in the NSV group than in the SV group, and there was a significant difference between two groups (p = 0.001). The median of melanocyte apoptosis in the NSV group was relatively higher than in the SV group, and a significant difference was found between the two groups (p = 0.001). The Spearman’s rank correlation test between Melan-A expression and melanocyte apoptosis in the NSV group was 0.767 (76.7%) and showed a significant relationship (p <0.05). The same test in the SV group was 0.583 (58.3%) and showed a significant relationship (p <0.05). In both groups, the higher the Melan-A expression, the higher the melanocyte apoptosis. </p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Melan-A expression and melanocyte apoptosis are correlated. The higher Melan-A expression and melanocyte apoptosis in NSV indicates more severe vitiligo disease compared to SV. </p>
Figs 1-16 in Notes on the genus Psychonotis (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from Western New Guinea (Papua and Papua Barat), with description of a new subspecies of P. melane (Joicey & Talbot, 1916)
Figs 1-16. Psychonotis caelius plateni (Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1896) [all in CSSK]. Fig. 1. ♂, upperside, Waigeo, no date; Fig. 2. underside; Fig. 2a. Hindwing showing the green metallic lunules and white marginal streaks; Fig. 3. ♂, upperside, Waigeo, x.2009; Fig. 4. underside; Fig. 5. ♂, upperside, Nabire, Kaladiri vill., xii.2013; Fig. 6. underside; Fig. 7. ♀, upperside, Sorong, i.2012; Fig. 8. underside; Fig. 9. ♀, upperside, Timika, vi.2001; Fig. 10. underside; Fig. 10a. Hindwing with reduced marginal streaks; Fig. 11. ♀, upperside, Yapen, Ambaidiru, iii.2006; Fig. 12. underside; Fig. 13. ♂, upperside, Bulolo, vi.2001; Fig. 14. underside; Fig. 15. ♂, upperside, Madang, Tokan vill., vi.2001; Fig. 16a. Hindwing with well developed marginal streaks. [scale for set specimens = 1cm]
Figs 17-22 in Notes on the genus Psychonotis (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from Western New Guinea (Papua and Papua Barat), with description of a new subspecies of P. melane (Joicey & Talbot, 1916)
Figs 17-22. Psychonotis caelius cf. plateni (Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1896). Fig. 17. ♂, upperside, Arfak Mountains., ix.2013, CSSK; Fig. 18. underside; Fig. 19. ♀, upperside, Arfak Mountains., Duebei, 1200m, i.2011, CSSK; Fig. 20. underside; Fig. 21. ♂, upperside, Peg. Bintang, Batimban, Dau River, vii.2003, KSP12091; Fig. 22. Underside; Fig. 23. Psychonotis caelius dissimilis (Joicey & Talbot, 1916), ♂ upperside, Supiori Isl., viii.-ix.2006, CSSK; Fig. 24. underside; Fig. 25. Psychonotis eudocia Druce & Bethune-Baker, 1893, ♂, upperside, Bacan, Labuha, ix.2015, CSSK; Fig. 26. Underside (note the short yellowish streak at the forewing base); Fig. 27. Psychonotis melane melane (Joicey & Talbot, 1916), ♂, upperside, Wissel Lake, Tuguwai, xii.1980, KSP11926; Fig. 28. underside; Fig. 29. Psychonotis melane astra subsp. nov., ♂, paratype, upperside, Star Mountains, Peg. Bintang, Mabilabol, ii.2005, KSP 11928; Fig. 30. underside; Fig. 31. Psychonotis melane astra subsp. nov., ♂, holotype, upperside, Star Mountains, Peg. Bintang, Mabilabol, ii.2005, KSP11930; Fig. 32. underside; Fig. 33. Psychonotis melane melane (Joicey & Talbot, 1916), ♂, left valva, KSP11924. Fig. 34. Psychonotis melane astra subsp. nov., ♂, left valva (note the more rectangular outline and the slightly stronger teeth), KSP11928. [scale for set specimens = 1cm]
Figure 17 in The dark side of birds: melanism-facts and fiction
Figure 17. Chukar Alectoris chukar (NHMUK 1939.12.9.3715), same mutation as in Fig. 16. (Harry Taylor, © Natural History Museum, London)
Figure 22 in The dark side of birds: melanism-facts and fiction
Figure 22. Forms of melanism (C and D) in Asian Blue Quail Synoicus chinensis that affect female plumage much more than male plumage (Pieter van den Hooven)
Figure 24 in The dark side of birds: melanism-facts and fiction
Figure 24 (facing page). Pl. 15 in A. B. Meyer (1887) Unser Auer-, Rackel- und Birkwild und seine Abarten showing what Meyer believed to be Black Grouse Lyrurus tetrix × ptarmigan Lagopus sp. hybrids; however, these birds are aberrant-coloured female Black Grouse (cf. Figs. 25–26) (Hein van Grouw, © Natural History Museum, London)
Figure 18 in The dark side of birds: melanism-facts and fiction
Figure 18. Hazel Grouse Tetrastes bonasia (NHMUK 1987.24.122) with a form of melanism that has altered the typical pattern and markings, resulting in a paler appearance (Harry Taylor, © Natural History Museum, London)
Figure 16 in The dark side of birds: melanism-facts and fiction
Figure 16. Specimen of Red-legged Partridge Alectoris rufa with a form of melanism that has changed the usual pattern and markings (left, NHMUK 1923.1.29.1) and a normal-coloured individual (right, NHMUK 1907.12.20.7); due to a mutation, the black head and throat markings are altered and the solid-coloured back, shoulders and wing feathers (based mainly on eumelanin) now exhibit distinctive patterns based on both melanin types, and some parts resemble the flanks plumage (Harry Taylor, © Natural History Museum, London)
Figure 5 in The dark side of birds: melanism-facts and fiction
Figure 5. 'Yellow' is a dominant mutation of the agouti gene in Common Quail Coturnix coturnix (NHMUK 1996.41.441, England) resulting in a coloration based on mainly phaeomelanin (Harry Taylor, © Natural History Museum, London) Figure 6.. Hooded Crow Corvus corone cornix (left, NHMUK 1965.M.19466), Carrion Crow C. c. corone (right, NHMUK 2013.5.13) and their hybrid offspring, with in centre a first-generation hybrid (NHMUK 1965.M.19463), left of it a backcross Hooded Crow (NHMUK 1879.3.7.1) and right a backcross Carrion Crow (NHMUK 1925.2.12.1); both the Hooded Crow and all of the hybrids display many patterned feathers with black centres and grey fringes (Harry Taylor, © Natural History Museum, London)
Figure 15 in The dark side of birds: melanism-facts and fiction
Figure 15. Feral Pigeons Columba livia with phaeomelanised plumage (ash-red) but different wing patterns: (A) Barred (the white primaries and head feathers are the product of leucism), (B) Chequer and (C) T-pattern chequer, Leiden, the Netherlands, 19 August 2007 (Hein van Grouw)
Figure 20 in The dark side of birds: melanism-facts and fiction
Figure 20. Normal-coloured and black-shouldered female Indian Peafowls Pavo cristatus; the 'black-shoulder' mutation has a major effect on female plumage (Hein van Grouw)
Figure 3 in The dark side of birds: melanism-facts and fiction
Figure 3. Common Woodpigeon Columba palumbus specimens (NHMUK 1930.8.14.1, NHMUK 2000.11.1, NHMUK 1923.3.8.1); the phaeomelanised plumage is probably the product of a similar mutation as 'recessive red' in Feral Pigeon C. livia (cf. Fig. 2D) (Harry Taylor, © Natural History Museum, London) Figure 4. 'Perdix montana', the phaeomelanistic variety of Grey Partridge P. perdix, NHMUK 1939.12.9.3717, Nasavad, Slovakia, 10 November 1932 (at left) and NHMUK 1939.12.9.3716, Norfolk, England, October 1911; the gene for this recessive mutation is present throughout the range of the species and is therefore a frequently recurring variety on the borderline of being recognised as a morph (Harry Taylor, © Natural History Museum, London)
Figure 14A in The dark side of birds: melanism-facts and fiction
Figure 14A. Melanistic Tawny Owl Strix aluco, Switzerland, April 2015 (Bertrand Ducret); (B) melanistic morph of Ural Owl Strix uralensis, southern Poland, May 2008 (Chris van Rijswijk)
Figure 10. Melanistic White Wagtail Motacilla a in The dark side of birds: melanism-facts and fiction
Figure 10. Melanistic White Wagtail Motacilla a. alba, Ardivachar, South Uist, Outer Hebrides, Scotland, September 2015; the normal black head markings have overrun their boundaries, whilst the rest of the plumage is darker as well (John Kemp) Figure 11. Melanistic Great Tit Parus major, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, November 2008; the normal black head and breast markings have overrun their boundaries, whilst the rest of the plumage is darker as well (Harvey van Diek)
Figure 19 in The dark side of birds: melanism-facts and fiction
Figure 19. Normal-coloured and black-shouldered male Indian Peafowls Pavo cristatus; apart from parts of the wing and shoulders, this mutation does not affect the rest of male plumage (Hein van Grouw)
Figure 21. A in The dark side of birds: melanism-facts and fiction
Figure 21. A form of melanism in Mallard Anas platyrhynchos that affects female plumage much more than male plumage (Hein van Grouw)
Figure 9 in The dark side of birds: melanism-facts and fiction
Figure 9. Common Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs, Utö Island, Finland, 13 April 2013, with increased phaeomelanin resulting in predominantly reddish-brown plumage (Jorma Tenovuo)
Figure 7 in The dark side of birds: melanism-facts and fiction
Figure 7. Melanistic Water Rail Rallus aquaticus (NHMUK 1939.12.9.3699, Ireland, 13 November 1902), with increased eumelanin, resulting in almost solid black plumage (Harry Taylor, © Natural History Museum, London) Figure 8A. Melanistic Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago (NHMUK 1939.12.9.3643, Ireland), the same form as was previously described as Sabine's Snipe Scolopax sabinii Vigors, 1825; (B) Melanistic Common Quail Coturnix coturnix (NHMUK 1996.41.442, England, 1895), the same form as was previously described as Verreaux's Quail Synoicus lodoisiae Verreaux & des Murs, 1862 (Harry Taylor, © Natural History Museum, London)
Figure 27 in The dark side of birds: melanism-facts and fiction
Figure 27. Depiction in Schaaning (1921) of another form of melanism in Black Grouse Lyrurus tetrix that changes the pattern and markings, resulting in a paler appearance than normal (Hein van Grouw, © Natural History Museum, London)
Figure 2 in The dark side of birds: melanism-facts and fiction
Figure 2. Feral Pigeons Columba livia: (A) wild phenotype, Leiden, the Netherlands, 19 August 2007; the grey wing-coverts and black wingbars are the result of different distribution of the same quantity of black melanin granules (Hein van Grouw); (B) T-pattern chequer, Leiden, the Netherlands, 19 August 2007; as a result of a dominant mutation of the pattern gene, the pigmentation over almost the entire wings is distributed as usually found only in the black wingbars, resulting in a blackish appearance, but the rump, tail and underparts are unaffected (Hein van Grouw); (C) Black, Leiden, the Netherlands, 19 August 2007; due to a dominant mutation known as 'spread', all pigment granules are equally spread, resulting in black plumage throughout (Hein van Grouw); (D) Recessive red, Pismo, California, USA; due to a recessive mutation of the extension gene that inactivates MC1R, phaeomelanin alone is produced (Robert Shriner)
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.