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12 results for “mesofauna”
Mesofauna community influences litter chemical trajectories during early-stage litter decay in compost
Decomposition of organic material is a fundamental ecosystem process, the rate of which is moderated by both litter chemistry and decomposer communities. Because litter chemistry changes throughout decomposition, we would expect the decomposer food web to interact with these changes in their basal resource to alter the trajectories of chemical changes during decay. To investigate how decomposer mesofauna influence patterns of litter chemical change throughout early stages of decay, we tracked mass loss, macro- and micronutrient elements, and fiber chemistry dynamics in Arizona sycamore (Platanus wrightii) leaves decomposed under optimal decay conditions in a biotically diverse compost pile. By using litterbags of two different mesh sizes to manipulate the mesofauna gaining access to the litter, we record how the complexity of the soil mesofauna community changes the trajectory of litter chemistry.
Below-ground pitfall traps for standardised monitoring of soil mesofauna: Design and comparison to Berlese/Tullgren funnels
<p>The attached CSV file supports the article <em>Below-ground pitfall traps for standardised monitoring of soil mesofauna: Design and comparison to Berlese/Tullgren funnels </em>(Pedobiologia, Volume 101, 2023, 150911, ISSN 0031-4056, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2023.150911)">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2023.150911)</a> relative to its comparison part. It presents the specimen count of the deployed pitfall traps and Berlese/Tullgren extractions across five environments at different positions along transects. </p>
Data from: Soil mesofauna may buffer the negative effects of drought on alien plant invasion
<p>Although many studies have tested the direct effects of drought on alien plant invasion, less is known about whether drought affects alien plant invasion indirectly via interactions of plants with other groups of organisms such as soil mesofauna.</p> <p>To test for such indirect effects, we grew single plants of nine naturalized alien target species in pot-mesocosms with a community of five native grassland species under four combinations of two drought (well-watered vs drought) and two soil-mesofauna-inoculation (with vs without) treatments.</p> <p>We found that drought decreased the absolute and the relative biomass production of the alien plants, and thus reduced their competitive strength in the native community. Drought also decreased the abundance of soil mesofauna, particularly soil mites, but did not affect the abundance and richness of soil herbivores. Soil-fauna inoculation did not affect biomass of the alien plants but increased biomass of the native plant community, and thereby decreased the relative biomass production of the alien plants. This increased invasion resistance due to soil fauna, however, tended (p = 0.09) to be stronger for plants growing under well-watered conditions than under drought.</p> <p>Synthesis. Our multispecies experiment thus shows that soil fauna might help native communities to resist alien plant invasions, but that this effect might be weakened under drought. In other words, soil mesofauna may buffer the negative effects of drought on alien plant invasions.</p>
Figure 1 in Soil mineral nitrogen content is increased by soil mesofauna and nematodes - a meta-analysis
Figure 1. Overall effect of the presence of soil (micro- and/or meso) fauna ('All', purple), as well as differentiated by size classes (blue: microfauna, red: mesofauna, orange: micro- and mesofauna) on soil mineral nitrogen compounds. Shown are the mean effect sizes (logarithm of the response ratio), 95 % confidence intervals, and the number of observations (within parentheses). Asterisks indicate levels of significance (* P = 0.05, ** P = 0.01, *** P <0.001).
Mesofauna and macrofauna densities at species/group level from 2008 to 2020 in three regions in Germany
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Data from: Soil mesofauna may buffer the negative effects of drought on alien plant invasion
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Below-ground pitfall traps for standardised monitoring of soil mesofauna: Design and comparison to Berlese/Tullgren funnels
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Removing invasive stream macrofauna shifts non-target invertebrate mesofauna through facilitation
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Data from: Belowground community responses to fire: meta-analysis reveals contrasting responses of soil microorganisms and mesofauna
Global fire regimes are shifting due to climate and land use changes. Understanding the responses of belowground communities to fire is key to predicting changes in the ecosystem processes they regulate. We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of 1634 observations from 131 empirical studies to investigate the effect of fire on soil microorganisms and mesofauna. Fire had a strong negative effect on soil biota biomass, abundance, richness, evenness, and diversity. Fire reduced microorganism biomass and abundance by up to 96%. Bacteria were more resistant to fire than fungi. Fire reduced nematode abundance by 88% but had no significant effect on soil arthropods. Fire reduced richness, evenness and diversity of soil microorganisms and mesofauna by up to 99%. We found little evidence of temporal trends towards recovery within 10 years post-disturbance suggesting little resilience of the soil community to fire. Interactions between biome, fire type, and depth explained few of these negative trends. Future research at the intersection of fire ecology and soil biology should aim to integrate soil community structure with the ecosystem processes they mediate under changing global fire regimes.
Data from: Metabarcoding and mitochondrial metagenomics of endogean arthropods to unveil the mesofauna of the soil
Biological communities inhabiting the soil are among the most diversified, complex and yet most poorly studied terrestrial ecosystems. The greatest knowledge gaps apply to the arthropod mesofauna (0·1–2 mm body size) because conventional morphological and molecular approaches are in many cases insufficient for the characterisation of these complex communities. The development of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) methodologies is required to solve current impediments and to further advance our understanding of below-ground biodiversity. We propose a flotation–Berlese–flotation (FBF) protocol for sampling and specimen processing to obtain 'clean' DNA extractions of arthropod mesofauna from the soil. In addition, we developed and tested HTS protocols for the characterisation of arthropod communities from these bulk DNA extractions using cox1 metabarcoding and shotgun metagenomic sequencing on the MiSeq Illumina platform. The FBF protocol provided DNA of soil arthropods from sufficiently large volumes of soil and free from contaminating bacteria and inhibitors. Metabarcoding and metagenomic sequencing on two deep soil samples from Iberian grasslands revealed >100 species of Acari and Collembola from 28 families. Genome assembly straight from shotgun sequencing of bulk specimens produced partial and full mitogenomes for 54 species with average length of >6000 bp. Metabarcoding and metagenomic sequencing resulted in closely congruent OTUs, but species numbers were highest with metabarcoding, while ∼73% of species were confirmed by matching shotgun sequence reads and ∼48% by contig assembly from those shotgun reads. In combination, the FBF protocol together with the PCR-based and shotgun sequencing pipelines addressed most of the challenges of studying soil arthropod mesofauna on the MiSeq Illumina platform. They are powerful, cost-efficient tools for characterising soil diversity in a phylogenetic and community ecology context. These methodological developments of HTS approaches for the study of mesofauna will accelerate ecological and evolutionary studies, biomonitoring of soil arthropods, and progress in both theoretical and applied soil science.
Data from: Belowground community responses to fire: meta-analysis reveals contrasting responses of soil microorganisms and mesofauna
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Data from: Metabarcoding and mitochondrial metagenomics of endogean arthropods to unveil the mesofauna of the soil
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