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255 results for “metabolic dependency”
Per capita sperm metabolism is density-dependent
<p>From bacteria to metazoans, higher-density populations have lower <em>per capita</em> metabolic rates than lower-density populations. This relationship between density and metabolism was actually first proposed 100 years ago and was focused on spermatozoa but contemporary studies of sperm metabolism specifically assume that sperm concentration has no effect on metabolism. We did a systematic review to estimate the relationship between sperm aerobic metabolism and sperm concentration, for 203 estimates spanning 49 species, from protostomes to humans from 89 studies. We found strong evidence that <em>per capita </em>metabolic rates are concentration-dependent: both within- and among-species, sperm have lower metabolisms in dense ejaculates but increase their metabolism when diluted. On average, a 10-fold decrease in sperm concentration increased <em>per capita</em> metabolic rate by ~60%. Metabolic plasticity in sperm may be an adaptive response but this requires further testing.</p>
Data_Figure1(A-D)_AKR1D1 knockout mice develop a sex dependent metabolic phenotype
<p>Data of Fig1 Pannel A-D, “AKR1D1 knockout mice develop a sex dependent metabolic phenotype”</p> <p>The Dataset contains the original figure 1 (Pannel A-D) as PNG-format (10.1530JOE-21-0280_Fig1A-D.PNG). Corresponding raw from LC-MS/MS measurements are provided as one file in CSV format (31003A-179400_10.1530_JOE-21-0280_AKR1D1_SS_DVK_4_Fig1.csv), all further experiment related information (meta-data) as one file in TXT format (31003A-179400_10.1530_JOE-21-0280_AKR1D1_SS_DVK_4_Fig1_M1.txt), one file in PDF format (31003A-179400_10.1530_JOE-21-0280_AKR1D1_SS_DVK_4_Fig1_M2.pdf) and one file as CSV format (31003A-179400_10.1530_JOE-21-0280_AKR1D1_SS_DVK_4_Fig1_M3.csv).</p>
Data from: Status-dependent metabolic effects of social interactions in a group-living fish
<p>Social interactions can sometimes be a source of stress, but social companions can also ameliorate and buffer against stress. Stress and metabolism are closely linked, but the degree to which social companions modulate metabolic responses during stressful situations—and whether such effects differ depending on social rank—is poorly understood. To investigate this question, we studied Neolamprologus pulcher, a group-living cichlid fish endemic to Lake Tanganyika, and measured the metabolic responses of dominant and subordinate individuals when they were either visible or concealed from one another. When individuals could see each other, subordinates had lower maximum metabolic rates and tended to take longer to recover following an exhaustive chase compared to dominants. In contrast, metabolic responses of dominants and subordinates did not differ when individuals could not see one another. These findings suggest that the presence of a dominant individual has negative metabolic consequences for subordinates, even in stable social groups with strong prosocial relationships.</p>
Data from: Status-dependent metabolic effects of social interactions in a group-living fish
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Per capita sperm metabolism is density-dependent
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Associations between metabolic traits and growth rate in brown trout (Salmo trutta) depend on thermal regime
<p class="academicstyle"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Metabolism defines the energetic cost of life, yet we still know relatively little about why intraspecific variation in metabolic rate arises and persists. Spatiotemporal variation in selection potentially maintains differences, but relationships between metabolic traits (standard metabolic rate (SMR), maximum metabolic rate (MMR), and aerobic scope) and fitness across contexts are unresolved. We show that associations between SMR, MMR, and growth rate (a key fitness-related trait) vary depending on thermal regime (a potential selective agent) in offspring of wild-sampled brown trout from two populations reared for ~15 months in either a cool or warm (+ 1.8°C) regime.<i> </i>SMR was positively related to growth in the cool, but negatively related in the warm regime. The opposite patterns were found for MMR and growth associations (positive in warm, negative in cool regime). Mean SMR, but not MMR, was lower in warm regimes within both populations (i.e., basal metabolic costs were reduced at higher temperatures), consistent with an adaptive acclimation response that optimises growth. Metabolic phenotypes thus exhibited a thermally sensitive metabolic 'floor' and a less flexible metabolic 'ceiling'. Our findings suggest a role for growth-related fluctuating selection in shaping patterns of metabolic variation that is likely important in adapting to climate change.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Intake-dependent Effect of Cocoa Flavanol Absorption, Metabolism and Excretion in Humans
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03201822. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
Context-dependent relationships between metabolism and behavior across temperature acclimations in sheepshead minnows (<em>Cyprinodon variegatus</em>)
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Human airway macrophages are metabolically reprogrammed by IFN-γ resulting in glycolysis-dependent functional plasticity
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Associations between metabolic traits and growth rate in brown trout (Salmo trutta) depend on thermal regime
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Data from: Quantifying liver-toxic responses from dose-dependent chemical exposures using a rat genome-scale metabolic model
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Gut microbial metabolites reveal diet-dependent metabolic changes induced by nicotine administration
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Data from: Fatty acid binding protein 7 plays an important modulatory sex-dependent role on brain THC metabolism
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Age-dependent modulation of bone metabolism in zebrafish scales as new model of male osteoporosis in lower vertebrates
<p>After middle age, in human bone, the resorption usually exceeds formation resulting in bone loss and increased risk of fractures in the aged population. Only few in vivo models in higher vertebrates are available for pathogenic and therapeutic studies about bone aging. Among these, male Danio rerio (zebrafish) can be successfully used as low vertebrate model to study degenerative alterations that affect the skeleton during aging, reducing the role of sex hormones.In this paper, we investigated the early bone aging mechanisms in male zebrafish (3, 6, 9 months old) scales evaluating the physiological changes and the effects of prednisolone, a pro-osteoporotic drug.The results evidentiated an age-dependent reduction of the mineralization rate in the fish scales, as highlighted by growing circle measurements. Indeed, the osteoblastic ALP activity at the matrix deposition site was found progressively downregulated.The higher TRAP activity was found in 63% of 9-month-old fish scales associated with resorption lacunae along the scale border. Gene expression analysis evidentiated that an increase of the tnfrsf1b (homolog of human rank) in aging scales may be responsible for resorption stimulation.Interestingly, prednisolone inhibited the physiological growth of the scale and induced in aged scales a more significant bone resorption compared with untreated fish (3.8% vs 1.02%). Bone markers analysis shown a significant reduction of ALP/TRAP ratio due to a prednisolone-dependent stimulation of tnfsf11 (homolog of human rankl) in scales of older fish.The results evidentiated for the first time the presence of a senile male osteoporosis in lower vertebrate. This new model could be helpful to identify the early mechanisms of bone aging and new therapeutic strategies to prevent age-related bone alterations in humans.</p>
Metabolic rate, context-dependent selection, and the competition-colonization trade-off
<p class="abstract_para">Metabolism is linked with the pace‐of‐life, co‐varying with survival, growth, and reproduction. Metabolic rates should therefore be under strong selection and, if heritable, become less variable over time. Yet intraspecific variation in metabolic rates is ubiquitous, even after accounting for body mass and temperature. Theory predicts variable selection maintains trait variation, but field estimates of how selection on metabolism varies are rare. We use a model marine invertebrate to estimate selection on metabolic rates in the wild under different competitive environments. Fitness landscapes varied among environments separated by a few centimeters: interspecific competition selected for higher metabolism, and a faster pace‐of‐life, relative to competition‐free environments. Populations experience a mosaic of competitive regimes; we find metabolism mediates a competition‐colonization trade‐off across these regimes. Although high metabolic phenotypes possess greater competitive ability, in the absence of competitors, low metabolic phenotypes are better colonizers. Spatial heterogeneity and the variable selection on metabolic rates that it generates is likely to maintain variation in metabolic rate, despite strong selection in any single environment.</p>
Data from: The metabolic costs of sexual signalling in the chirping katydid Plangia graminea (Serville) (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) are context dependent: cumulative costs add up fast
Katydids produce acoustic signals via stridulation which they use to attract conspecific females for mating. However, direct estimates of the metabolic costs of calling to date have produced diverse cost estimates and are limited to only a handful of insect species. In this study, we therefore investigated the metabolic cost of calling in a unstudied sub-Saharan katydid, Plangia graminea. Using wild-caught animals, we measured katydid metabolic rate using standard flow-through respirometry while simultaneously recording the number of calls produced. Overall, the metabolic rate during calling in P. graminea males was 59% higher than the resting metabolic rate (0.443±0.056 vs. 0.279±0.028 CO2 ml g−1 h−1) although highly variable among individuals. While individual call costs were relatively inexpensive (ranging from 0.02–5.4% increase in metabolic rate per call) the individuals with cheaper calls called more often and for longer than those with expensive calls resulting in the former group having significantly greater cumulative costs over a standard amount of time (9.5 h). The metabolic costs of calling are however context dependent since the amount of time spent calling greatly influenced these costs in our trials. A power law function described this relationship between cumulative cost and percentage increase per call (y=130.21x−1.068, R2=0.858); where y=cumulative cost, and x=percentage increase per call. The choice of metric employed for estimating energy costs (i.e. how costs are expressed) also affects the outcome and any interpretation of costs of sexual signalling. For example, the absolute, relative and cumulative metabolic costs of calling yield strongly divergent estimates and any fitness implications depend on the organism's energy budget and the potential trade-offs in allocation of resources that are made as a direct consequence of increased calling effort.
Data from: Habitat, latitude, and body mass influence the temperature dependence of metabolic rate
The sensitivity of metabolic rate to temperature constrains the climate in which ectotherms can function, yet the temperature dependence of metabolic rate may evolve in response to biotic and abiotic factors. We compiled a dataset on the temperature dependence of metabolic rate for heterotrophic ectotherms from studies that show a peak in metabolic rate at an optimal temperature (i.e., that describe the thermal performance curve for metabolic rate). We found that peak metabolic rates were lower in aquatic than terrestrial habitats and increased with body mass, latitude, and the optimal temperature. In addition, the optimal temperature decreased with latitude. These results support competing hypotheses about metabolic rate adaptation, with hotter being better in the tropics but colder being better toward the poles. Moreover, our results suggest that the temperature dependence of metabolic rate is more complex than previously suggested.
Vitamin B6 Dependence of One-Carbon Metabolism
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00877812. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 7.
The Influence of Probiotic Supplementation on Depressive Symptoms, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Parameters and Faecal Microbiota in Patients With Depression Depending on Metabolic Syndrome Comorb
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04756544. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 6.
Dietary Anthocyanins Improve Lipid Metabolism in a Dose - Dependent Manner
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03415503. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
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