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33 results for “metal pollution”
Fig. 2 in Accumulation Of Heavy Metals By Small Mammals The Background And Polluted Territories Of The Urals
Fig. 2. The dendrogram is obtained for element analysis (Cu+Zn+Cd) in small mammals from natural populations in the background zone (Bcg) and polluted territories (Imp). The results of cluster analysis confirmed the statistically significant differences in heavy metals total accumulation in three species of small mammals.
Figure 5 in Determination of oxidative, genotoxic, and histopathologic effects of metal pollution on the fish fauna inhabiting Karasu River, Turkey
Figure 5. Pathological damages in A. mossulensis A) separation from the granular layer (black arrow), hyperemia (orange arrows) and infiltration (red arrow) in the cerebellum, B) separation in pia mater (black arrow), congestion and damage in vein (orange arrow), degeneration in periventricular layer (green arrow) and axonopathy (circle) C) dilatation (orange arrow) and vacuolization (yellow arrows) in the cortex H & E.
Figure 4 in Determination of oxidative, genotoxic, and histopathologic effects of metal pollution on the fish fauna inhabiting Karasu River, Turkey
Figure 4. Pathological damages in brain of C. capoeta A) vascular dilatation (orange arrow), degeneration (red arrow) and dilatation (black arrow), B) vacuolization (yellow arrows) and infiltration (blue arrow) in the Purkinje layer, C) vascular dilatation with congestion (orange arrow) H & E.
Figure 1 in Determination of oxidative, genotoxic, and histopathologic effects of metal pollution on the fish fauna inhabiting Karasu River, Turkey
Figure 1. Sampling stations; Station 1: Dumlu, Station 2: Ilıca, Station 3: Aşkale I, Station 4: Aşkale II.
Figure 2 in Determination of oxidative, genotoxic, and histopathologic effects of metal pollution on the fish fauna inhabiting Karasu River, Turkey
Figure 2. The erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities determined in the three fish species A) micronucleus (arrow) in C. capoeta, B) notched nucleus (arrow) in C. capoeta, C) binucleated nucleus (arrow) in A. mossulensis, D) kidney shaped nucleus (black arrows) and bud nucleus (red arrow) in A. mossulensis, E) lobed nucleus (arrow) in S. cephalus, F) Bud nucleus (arrow) in S. cephalus Giemsa.
Figure 2 in Hematological status of avian species along a metal pollution gradient at Sialkot, Pakistan
Figure 2. Maps showing concentrations of metal (ug/g) in blood samples on different sampling sites of Sialkot.
Figure 1 in Hematological status of avian species along a metal pollution gradient at Sialkot, Pakistan
Figure 1. Maps showing concentrations of metal (ug/g) in feather samples on different sampling sites of Sialkot.
Data for: Heavy metal pollution impacts soil bacterial community structure and antimicrobial resistance at the Birmingham 35th Avenue Superfund Site
<p>The data in this archive are the results of a study on the impact of heavy metals (HMs) on the soil microbiota of an urban Superfund site in Alabama. HMs are known to modify bacterial communities both in the laboratory and in situ. Consequently, soils in HM-contaminated sites such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Superfund sites are predicted to have altered ecosystem functioning, with potential ramifications for the health of organisms, including humans, that live nearby. Further, several studies have shown that heavy metal-resistant (HMR) bacteria often also display antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and therefore HM-contaminated soils could potentially act as reservoirs that could disseminate AMR genes into human-associated pathogenic bacteria. To explore this possibility, topsoil samples were collected from six public locations in the zip code 35207 (the home of the North Birmingham 35th Avenue Superfund Site) and in six public areas in the neighboring zip code, 35214. 35027 soils had significantly elevated levels of the HMs As, Mn, Pb, and Zn, and sequencing of the V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene revealed that elevated HM concentrations correlated with reduced microbial diversity and altered community structure. While there was no difference between zip codes in the proportion of total culturable HMR bacteria, bacterial isolates with HMR almost always also exhibited AMR. Metagenomes inferred using PICRUSt2 also predicted significantly higher mean relative frequencies in 35207 for several AMR genes related to both specific and broad-spectrum AMR phenotypes. Together, these results support the hypothesis that chronic HM pollution alters the soil bacterial community structure in ecologically meaningful ways and may also select for bacteria with increased potential to contribute to AMR in human disease.</p>
Data for: Heavy metal pollution impacts soil bacterial community structure and antimicrobial resistance at the Birmingham 35th Avenue Superfund Site
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Data from: The rainfall effect onto solidification and stabilization of heavy metal-polluted sediments
Rainfall makes impacts on process of solidification/stabilization and the long-term safety of solidified matrix. In this study, the effect of rainfall on solidification/stabilization process was investigated by rainfall test. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) were adopted to characterize the properties of S/S sediments before and after rainfall test. The samples cured for 28 days were subjected to semi-dynamic leaching tests with a simulated acidic leachant prepared at pH of 2.0, 4.0 and 7.0. Effectiveness of S/S treatment was evaluated by diffusion coefficient (D_e) and leachability index (LX). The results indicated that UCS decreased at maximum deterioration rate of 34.29% of the compressive strength after 7 days of curing, along with minimum rate of 7.89% after 28 days by rainfall, with >14 days referred. The rainfall had little effect on the leaching characteristics of heavy metals during the curing process. The simulated acid rain could make significant impacts on the leaching behavior of the heavy metals in the S/S materials. All cumulative fraction of leached heavy metals were less than 2.0 % which showed the good stabilization of cement. Furthermore, the calculated diffusion coefficient (D_e) for Cu was 1.28×10-11〖cm〗^2/s, indicating that its mobility was relatively low of heavy in S/S sediments. The calculated diffusion coefficient (Di) for Cd, Cu and Pb were 7.44×10-11, 8.18×10-12 and 7.85×10-12〖cm〗^2/s respectively, indicating that its mobility was relatively low of heavy metal in S/S sediments.
Data for: Can heavy metal pollution induce soil bacterial community resistance to antibiotics in boreal forests?
<p>The emergence of microbial antibiotic resistance is a central threat to global health, food security, and development. It has been shown that heavy metal pollution can give rise to microbial resistance to antibiotics, but how wide-spread this phenomenon is remains an open question that urgently needs filling to enable appropriate environmental risk assessments. Here, we determined whether long-term differences in heavy metal pollution in boreal forests had affected soil microbial communities such that they had increased microbial resistance to antibiotics. First, we assessed variation in metal concentrations in samples collected across a distance trajectory from the pollution source, and also the microbial rates and levels of bacterial community resistance to the heavy metal Cu and the antibiotics tetracycline and vancomycin in those samples. Second, we tested if the exposure to Cu or tetracycline could increase bacterial community resistance to Cu and to antibiotics in soils with high versus low background levels of metal contamination. Metal pollution had affected microbial community structures and suppressed decomposer functioning. Importantly, bacterial community Cu resistance increased with higher metal concentrations, which coincided with an induced bacterial community resistance to tetracycline, but not to vancomycin. Laboratory experiments revealed that bacterial community Cu resistance could be further induced in both the low and high end of the pollution gradient, but also that these short-term inductions of community metal tolerance did not coincide with enhanced antibiotic resistance. This yielded a surprising negative correlation between long-term and short-term effects by metals on microbial metal and antibiotic resistances. One mechanism that could provide protection against both metal cations and tetracycline is the small multidrug resistance (SMR) family, which is an energy demanding physiological mechanism that may take time to confer protection. This may explain the different microbial responses to long-term gradients and metal addition experiments. Policy implications. We show that metal pollution in boreal forests will promote antibiotic resistance in soil bacterial communities, revealing an overlooked reservoir of antibiotic resistance. We recommend that environmental risk assessments for any activity giving rise to increased soil metal concentrations need to also consider the induction of microbial antibiotic resistance.</p>
Heavy metal pollution exposure affects egg coloration but not male provisioning effort in the pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca
<p>Heavy metal pollution is known to negatively affect numerous traits in birds, including foraging, metabolism, immunity, and reproductive success. In this study, our primary aim was to assess the impact of metal pollution exposure on the visual appearance of the pied flycatcher (<em>Ficedula hypoleuca</em>) eggs. Specifically, we focused on blue-green biliverdin-based coloration, a trait expected to function as a signal of female quality to males. In line with the sexually selected egg coloration (SSEC) hypothesis, which posits that males respond to more intensely colored eggs by increasing their provisioning effort, our second objective was to investigate whether metal pollution exposure affects this specific signaling mechanism and subsequent male behavior. Our results showed that although coloration did not correlate with female quality or male provisioning effort, egg blue-green coloration decreased in polluted areas compared to non-polluted control areas. Our analysis of reflectance data revealed that this difference was due to an increased ultraviolet reflectance of eggs from polluted areas, likely caused by changes in eggshell microstructure (e.g. porosity). We therefore propose that metal pollution exposure may compromise crucial color signals of bird eggs. Avian visual modeling indicated that eggs laid by different flycatcher females are generally very similar, making discrimination by males challenging and perhaps impossible especially in dark cavities. Overall, our results suggest that the SSEC hypothesis may lack adaptive relevance for the pied flycatcher in Northern Europe, even in environments influenced by anthropogenic activities.</p>
Figure 3 in Determination of oxidative, genotoxic, and histopathologic effects of metal pollution on the fish fauna inhabiting Karasu River, Turkey
Figure 3. Pyramidal neurons (circles) in normal fish brain section (A. mossulensis) H & E.
Heavy metal pollution exposure affects egg coloration but not male provisioning effort in the pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca
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Data from: Global soil pollution by toxic metals threatens agriculture and human health
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Data for: Can heavy metal pollution induce soil bacterial community resistance to antibiotics in boreal forests?
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Heavy metal pollution enhances pathogen resistance of an invasive plant species over its native congener
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Data from: The rainfall effect onto solidification and stabilization of heavy metal-polluted sediments
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Data from: Data for: Variation in animal personality traits across a metal pollution gradient in a free-living songbird
Anthropogenic contaminants could alter traits central to animal behavioral types, or personalities, including aggressiveness, boldness and activity level. Lead and other toxic metals are persistent inorganic pollutants that affect organisms worldwide. Metal exposure can alter behavior by affecting neurology, endocrinology, and health. However, the direction and magnitude of the behavioral effects of metal exposure remain equivocal. Moreover, the degree to which metal exposure simultaneously affects suites of correlated behavioral traits (behavioral syndromes) that are controlled by common mechanisms remains unclear, with most studies focusing on single behaviors. Using a model species for personality variation, the great tit (Parus major), we explored differences in multiple behavioral traits across a pollution gradient where levels of metals, especially lead and cadmium, are elevated close to a smelter. We employed the novel environment exploration test, a proxy for variation in personality type, and also measured territorial aggressiveness and nest defense behavior. At polluted sites birds of both sexes displayed slower exploration behavior, which could reflect impaired neurological or physiological function. Territorial aggression and nest defense behavior were individually consistent, but did not vary with proximity to the smelter, suggesting that metal exposure does not concurrently affect exploration and aggression. Rather, exploration behavior appears more sensitive to metal pollution. Effects of metal pollution on exploration behavior, a key animal personality trait, could have critical effects on fitness.
Data from: Personality and plasticity in neophobia levels vary with anthropogenic disturbance but not toxic metal exposure in urban great tits: urban disturbance, metal pollution and neophobia
Animal personalities, as defined by repeatable among individual differences in behavior, can vary across urbanization gradients. However, how urbanization affects personalities remains incompletely understood, especially because different urban stressors could affect personality traits in opposing ways, whereas most previous studies have considered only one urban disturbance factor. For instance, novel habitat features could favor reduced neophobia, whereas exposure to pollutants could increase risk sensitivity through neurotoxic or hormonal effects. To address this contingency, we studied object neophobia in four urban populations of great tits (Parus major) that vary in exposure to metal pollution and anthropogenic disturbance, as quantified by proximity to roads and pathways. We measured the return latency of incubating females when flushed from the nest and presented with up to two different novel objects, allowing quantification of behavioral repeatability and plasticity. To separate neophobia from sensitivity to disturbance, we also conducted baseline trials, in which females were flushed but no object was presented. We additionally measured exploration behavior and aggression (hissing) during nest defense, to explore whether suites of behaviors covary with urbanization, and examined whether neophobia affects reproductive success. Sensitivity to disturbance and neophobia were repeatable, and thus represent personality traits. Moreover, females occupying territories near roads and pathways had shorter return latencies during novel object but not baseline trials, suggesting a specific reduction in neophobia in disturbed areas. Plasticity in neophobia also increased with disturbance level. In contrast, metal exposure did not affect neophobia or sensitivity to disturbance, despite negatively correlating with exploration behavior. Neophobia correlated with exploration behavior, but not aggression or reproductive success. Results suggest that shifts in personality types in urbanized areas might involve specific reductions in neophobia, rather than general reductions in sensitivity to disturbance, and unexpectedly indicate no effect of toxic metals on risk sensitivity.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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