Find research datasets worth reusing
Search datasets from major research repositories and use ShareScore to quickly assess how well each record supports discovery, access, and reuse.
59
datasets available to search
ShareScore release 0.9.0
Dataset results
59 results for “microbial nitrogen”
Physical and microbial processing of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) (Salinity Experiment) along an oligotrophic marsh/mangrove/estuary ecotone (Taylor Slough and Florida Bay) for August 2003 in Everglades National Park (FCE), South Florida, USA
A better understanding of the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients entering Florida Bay is a key issue regarding the restoration of the Everglades. In addition to precipitation, the other major source of freshwater to Florida Bay is from Taylor Slough and the C-111 Basin in the northeast section of the Bay. While it is known that these areas deliver significant amounts of N to the Bay, a significant portion of this is in the form of dissolved organic N (DON). The sources, environmental fate and bioavailability to microorganisms of this DON are however, not known. Should this DON be readily available, any increased load as a function of restoration changes might have an impact on internal phytoplankton bloom dynamics. No significant flocculation or precipitation of DOM occurred with increase in salinity, meaning that terrestrial DOM does not get trapped in the sediments but stays in the water column where it subjected to photolysis and advective transport. Sunlight has a significant effect on the chemical characteristics of DOM. While the DOC levels did not change significantly during photo-exposure, the optical characteristics of the DOM were modified. The environmental implications of this are conflicting: photo-induced polymerization may stabilize the DOM by reducing its bioavailability while photolysis may make the DOM more labile. Overall, DON bioavailability was relatively low in this region. Even though the amount of DON loaded to the bay may be significant, the fraction of DON available for microbial cycling is much smaller. The amount of N supplied by recycling may be a significant portion of the total DIN pool. All this must be considered in context with the proposed CERP modifications to flows. As of the latest initial Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Project (CERP) update, the flows to Taylor Slough and C-111/Panhandle Basis are not predicted to change very much from base conditions. Therefore we do not expect any great increases in TN loading in this
Physical and microbial processing of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) (Photodegradation Experiment) along an oligotrophic marsh/mangrove/estuary ecotone (Taylor Slough and Florida Bay) for August 2003 in Everglades National Park (FCE), South Florida, USA
A better understanding of the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients entering Florida Bay is a key issue regarding the restoration of the Everglades. In addition to precipitation, the other major source of freshwater to Florida Bay is from Taylor Slough and the C-111 Basin in the northeast section of the Bay. While it is known that these areas deliver significant amounts of N to the Bay, a significant portion of this is in the form of dissolved organic N (DON). The sources, environmental fate and bioavailability to microorganisms of this DON are however, not known. Should this DON be readily available, any increased load as a function of restoration changes might have an impact on internal phytoplankton bloom dynamics. No significant flocculation or precipitation of DOM occurred with increase in salinity, meaning that terrestrial DOM does not get trapped in the sediments but stays in the water column where it subjected to photolysis and advective transport. Sunlight has a significant effect on the chemical characteristics of DOM. While the DOC levels did not change significantly during photo-exposure, the optical characteristics of the DOM were modified. The environmental implications of this are conflicting: photo-induced polymerization may stabilize the DOM by reducing its bioavailability while photolysis may make the DOM more labile. Overall, DON bioavailability was relatively low in this region. Even though the amount of DON loaded to the bay may be significant, the fraction of DON available for microbial cycling is much smaller. The amount of N supplied by recycling may be a significant portion of the total DIN pool. All this must be considered in context with the proposed CERP modifications to flows. As of the latest initial Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Project (CERP) update, the flows to Taylor Slough and C-111/Panhandle Basis are not predicted to change very much from base conditions. Therefore we do not expect any great increases in TN loading in this
Hubbard Brook Nitrogen Oligotrophication (HBNO): Microbial Biomass and Activity, 2021-2023
The goal of this project is to test the overarching hypothesis that positive feedback mechanisms involving changes in seasonal cycles that diminish N availability to plants such that plant N demand is not met by soil N availability in northern forests. Specifically, we hypothesize that increasing N demand by plants (induced by increasing temperatures, longer growing seasons, and other environmental changes) leads to greater N resorption by trees in autumn, increased C:N in litter, and greater net immobilization of N by soil microbes in the following spring. However, the timing of snowmelt and soil freezing in spring may further affect net mineralization and N availability for plants. These hypotheses are being tested with a combination of observational, experimental, and modeling approaches at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire: 1) measurements at 14 previously established sites along an elevation/aspect climate gradient; 2) litter and snow manipulation experiments at six sites along the climate gradient to create variation in soil climate conditions and microbial N immobilization during spring. We leveraged 14 sites previously established along an elevation and aspect-driven climate gradient at Hubbard Brook as a “natural climate experiment" to test our hypothesis that a positive feedback between N cycling during fall senescence and spring contributes to declining N availability in northern forests. This elevation gradient encompasses variation in mean annual air temperature of ~2.5 °C that is similar to the change projected to occur with climate change over the next 50–100 years in the northeastern U.S. There is relatively little variation in soils along the gradient. We are utilizing three sites at higher elevation (~550-660 m, north facing) and three sites at lower elevation (~375-500 m, south facing) for the litter and snow manipulation experiments to maximize the differences in temperature among the 14 sites. Litterbox manipulation: The objecti
Data and code from "Water availability is a stronger driver of soil microbial processing of organic nitrogen than tree species composition"
<p>#### Data description<br> Data from large scale, long-term tree diversity experiment in southwestern France (<a href="https://sites.google.com/view/orpheeexperiment/home">ORPHEE</a>), additionally manipulating water contraint. Variables presented are soil nitrogen cycling rates measured using isotope pool dilutions.</p> <p>Companion paper is found here:</p> <p>Maxwell TL, Augusto L, Tian Y, Wanek W & Fanin N (2023). Water availability is a stronger driver of soil microbial processing of organic nitrogen than tree species composition. <em>European Journal of Soil Science</em>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.13350">https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.13350</a></p> <p>#### Metadata<br> Soil sampling: July 2020<br> Maxwell_ShortComm_Data.csv data description</p> <p>ID: unique identifier per sample<br> Block: numbered 1-6. Blocks 1,3,6 are control (unirrigated), Blocks, 2,4,5 are irrigated<br> Plot: numbered plot according to the ORPHEE design. Plot 1 = BP, Plot 5 = PP, Plot 9 = BP_PP<br> Espece: species ID. BP = pure birch (<em>Betula pendula</em>), PP = pure pine (<em>Pinus pinaster</em>), BP_PP (50% mixed birch-pine)<br> Rep: sample replicate, 3 replicates per plot<br> Sample name: long unique identifier per sample. Concatenation of Block, Plot, and Espece<br> PD: gross protein depolymerization rates (micrograms nitrogen per grams dry soil per day = µg N g-1 d-1)<br> AAU: gross free amino acid uptake rates (µg N g-1 d-1)<br> Cmicrobial_ug_g: microbial biomass carbon (µg C g-1)<br> Nmicrobial_ug_g: microbial biomass nitrogen (µg N g-1)<br> MRT_FAA_hrs: mean residence time of free amino acids (hours)<br> FAA_ugN_g: free amino acids (µg N g-1)<br> Moisture_percent: soil moisture percent (%)<br> N_nonfumige_ug_g: nitrogen from non fumigated soils, i.e. extractable N (µg N g-1)<br> C_nonfumige_ug_g: nitrogen from non fumigated soils, i.e. extractableC (µg C g-1)</p>
Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Litter and Soil Decomposition: Cumulative Microbial Respiration
The influence of inorganic nitrogen (N) inputs on decomposition is poorly understood. Some prior studies suggest that N may reduce the decomposition of substrates with high concentrations of lignin via inhibitory effects on the activity of lignin-degrading enzymes, although such inhibition has not always been demonstrated. The purpose of E145 was to study the effects of nitrogen (N) addition on decomposition of seven substrates ranging in initial lignin concentrations (from 7.4 - 25.6%) over five years in eight different grassland and forest sites in central Minnesota.
Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Litter and Soil Decomposition: Daily Microbial Respiration
The influence of inorganic nitrogen (N) inputs on decomposition is poorly understood. Some prior studies suggest that N may reduce the decomposition of substrates with high concentrations of lignin via inhibitory effects on the activity of lignin-degrading enzymes, although such inhibition has not always been demonstrated. The purpose of E145 was to study the effects of nitrogen (N) addition on decomposition of seven substrates ranging in initial lignin concentrations (from 7.4 - 25.6%) over five years in eight different grassland and forest sites in central Minnesota.
Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Litter and Soil Decomposition: Microbial Biomass
The influence of inorganic nitrogen (N) inputs on decomposition is poorly understood. Some prior studies suggest that N may reduce the decomposition of substrates with high concentrations of lignin via inhibitory effects on the activity of lignin-degrading enzymes, although such inhibition has not always been demonstrated. The purpose of E145 was to study the effects of nitrogen (N) addition on decomposition of seven substrates ranging in initial lignin concentrations (from 7.4 - 25.6%) over five years in eight different grassland and forest sites in central Minnesota.
MRCE/LTER Soil and Microbial Biomass Nitrogen
The data reported here are only for tabonuco forest at El Verde. Following plot setup and one year of pre-treatment measurements, Hurricane Hugo struck before the first planned fertilization. Because a year and a half of annual above ground litter inputs of phosphorus were dropped onto the forest floor in the form of leaf litter, we added a debris removal treatment to the original two, fertilized and control.These data were used to determine the pools of readily available nitrogen in soil solution in debris removal and fertilizer treatments applied to tabonuco forest at El Verde immediately after Hurricane Hugo struck in September 1989. The treatments (complete removal of litter and woody debris, total fertilization, and control). Both ammonium and nitrate were low in the May 1990 samples. All samples had more KCl extractable ammonium in September, but negligible nitrate. Increases in ammonium were greatest in the fertilized and debris removal plots as compared to the control treatment. These results were positively correlated with litterfall production and canopy closure, with faster rates of recovery in the fertilized and debris removal treatments as compared to the control. Soil extractable (readily available) N was negatively correlated with microbial N in the samples collected one year after Hurricane Hugo, indicating microbial immobilization of N. Century modeling results were consistent with our observations and indicated that woody debris increased the input of low-nutrient substrate to the soil thereby stimulating microbial uptake/immobilization. Thus the soil microbes in the control plots outcompeted the trees for limiting N, thereby slowing their recovery. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Add
Data for the study of Posidonia microbial nitrogen metabolism manuscript
<p>These are data related to the study of the seagrass microbiome and function. <em>Posidonia oceanica</em>, an endemic seagrass species that dominates the Mediterranean Sea, achieves high abundances in seawater with relatively low concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen. Here we test whether microbial metabolisms associated with <em>P. oceanica</em> and surrounding seawater enhance seagrass access to nitrogen. Using stable isotope enrichments of intact seagrass with amino acids, we show that ammonification by free-living and seagrass-associated microbes produce ammonium that is likely used by seagrass and surrounding particulate organic matter. Metagenomic analysis of the epiphytic biofilm on the blades and rhizomes support the ubiquity of microbial ammonification genes in this system. Further, we leveraged the presence of natural carbon dioxide vents and show that microbial ammonification was reduced at lower pH. The presence of <em>P. oceanica</em> enhanced the uptake of nitrogen by water column particulate organic matter, increasing carbon fixation by a factor of 8.6 to 17.4 with the greatest effect at CO<sub>2</sub> vent sites. Seagrass and its microbial associates thus enhanced water column productivity and were a locus for nutrient cycling.</p>
Unexpected microbial metabolic responses to elevated temperatures and nitrogen addition in subarctic soils under different land-use
<p>This repository contains all necessary raw data as well as the R code used to conduct statistical analysis and create figures of the publication<br> <br><strong>Unexpected microbial metabolic responses to elevated temperatures and nitrogen addition in subarctic soils under different land-use</strong></p><p>Julia Schroeder1, Tino Peplau1, Edward Gregorich2, Christoph C. Tebbe3, Christopher Poeplau1</p><p>1 Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Bundesallee 68, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany<br>2 Research and Development Centre, Central Experimental Farm, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Canada<br>3 Thünen Institute of Biodiversity, Bundesallee 65, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany</p><p>DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-022-00943-7 </p><p>This study investigated how subarctic soils under different land use will respond to warming and increasing N availability to allow for better predictions of C cycling under global change. The short-term temperature sensitivity as well as N-input effects on microbial CUE, respiration, growth and turnover were assessed in a one-day incubation experiment according to the 18O-CUE approach. The warming and N response of SOM decomposition were assessed in a 50-days incubation experiment via measurement of cumulative respiration. Both experiments were conducted with the following three treatments: incubation at 10 °C, incubation at 20 °C, and incubation at 20 °C plus N-fertiliser addition at an amendment rate of 100 kg N ha-1. The response to warming or N addition were expressed as response ratios RRT = 20°C/10°C and RRN = 20°C+N/20°C for warming and N response, respectively.</p><p>The R code was developed under R v3.6.3 and adapted to work under version R v.4.1.2.</p><p>The repository includes the following files:</p><ul><li>general_soil_parameters_per_sample.csv - general soil data for each field sample (n=27)</li><li>general_soil_parameters_per_plot.csv - general soil data assessed on pooled replicated field samples (n=9)</li><li>respiration_over_50d_incubation.csv - respiration rate and cumulative respiration for each time-point and laboratory sample over the 50-days incubation</li><li>sample_data.csv - data measured for each laboratory sample (n=81)</li></ul><p> </p><ul><li>Warming_and_nitrogen_response_of_CUE_in_subarctic_soils.Rproj - Rproject (load project to work on provided scripts and data)</li><li>load_data_script.R - loads required data</li><li>absolute_values_script.R - summary of absolute ranges of parameters per land-use type and site</li><li>absolute_linear_mixed_effects_model_script.R - run statistical analysis</li><li>correlograms_absolute_soil_params_script.R - correlation analysis to identify what drives absolute values</li><li>plot_correlations_absolute_soil_params_script.R - plot drivers of CUE and cumulative respiration</li><li>RRT_RRN_calculation_script.R - calculates response ratios</li><li>plot_RRT_RRN_script.R - plot response ratios</li><li>RRT_RRN_linear_mixed_effects_models_script.R - run statistical analysis</li><li>correlograms_RRT_RRN_soil_param_script.R - correlation analysis to identify drivers of response ratios</li><li>plot_correlations_RRT_RRN_soil_params_script.R - plot drivers of response ratios</li><li>RRT_RRN_resprate_cumulresp_over_time_50d_incubation_script.R - plot response ratios over time course</li></ul>
Inorganic nitrogen, microbial ecoenzymatic activities, and organic matter in soils collected from the Monsoon Rainfall Manipulation Experiment (MRME), Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico during the 2014 growing season
Drylands are characterized by a pulse dynamics framework in which episodic rain events trigger brief pulses of biological activity and resource availability that regulate primary production in these ecosystems. Relatively small rain events can stimulate microbial processes like decomposition that release inorganic nitrogen needed by plant processes, which typically also depend on soil moisture received from larger rain events. Little is known how changes in rainfall patterns may affect plant available nitrogen in dryland soils, particularly across temporal scales. Therefore, we conducted a study to examine the daily and seasonal responses of plant available nitrogen to rain events that differed in size and frequency throughout a summer monsoon in a northern Chihuahuan Desert grassland located in the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico, USA. This data package, which accompanies an associated manuscript (Brown et al. 2022), contains measurements of inorganic nitrogen, nitrogen-acquiring microbial ecoenzymatic activities, and organic matter in soils collected from the Monsoon Rainfall Manipulation Experiment (MRME) during the 2014 summer growing season.
The effects of nitrogen and warming on soil respiration in arctic and boreal ecosystems: microbial respiration during a 924-day laboratory incubation
We incubated (2006-2009) northern Alaskan soils (boreal and tundra) at two temperatures (5 degC and 15 degC) and two levels of nitrogen addition (with and without) to directly test for nitrogen limitation of soil organic matter decomposition and explore the interaction between temperature and nitrogen limitation. Over the 924-day laboratory incubation, we measured microbial respiration from organic and mineral soils from four different ecosystem types (boreal burned, boreal unburned, moist acidic, moist non-acidic).
Nitrogen enrichment stimulates wetland plant responses whereas salt amendments alter sediment microbial communities and biogeochemical responses
<p>Freshwater wetlands of the temperate north are exposed to a range of pollutants that may alter their function, including nitrogen (N)-rich agricultural and urban runoff, seawater intrusion, and road salt contamination, though it is largely unknown how these drivers of change interact with the vegetation to affect wetland carbon (C) fluxes and microbial communities. We implemented a full factorial mesocosm (378.5 L tanks) experiment investigating C-related responses to three common wetland plants of eastern North America (<i>Phragmites australis</i>, <i>Spartina pectinata</i>, <i>Typha latifolia</i>), and four water quality treatments (fresh water control, N, road salt, sea salt). During the 2017 growing season, we quantified carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) fluxes, above- and below-ground biomass, root porosity, light penetration, pore water chemistry (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>², Cl<sup>-</sup>, DOC), soil C mineralization, as well as sediment microbial communities via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Relative to freshwater controls, N enrichment stimulated plant biomass, which in turn increased CO<sub>2</sub> uptake and reduced light penetration, especially in <i>Spartina</i> stands. Root porosity was not affected by water quality, but was positively correlated with CH<sub>4 </sub>emissions,<sub> </sub>suggesting that plants can be important conduits for CH<sub>4</sub> from anoxic sediment to the atmosphere. Sediment microbial composition was largely unaffected by N addition, whereas salt amendments induced structural shifts, reduced sediment community diversity, and reduced C mineralization rates, presumably due to osmotic stress. Methane emissions were suppressed by sea salt, but not road salt, providing evidence for the additional chemical control (SO<sub>4</sub><sup>-2</sup> availability) on this microbial-mediated process. Thus, N may have stimulated plant activity while salting treatments preferentially enriched specific microbial populations. Together our findings underpin the utility of combining plant and microbial responses, and highlight the need for more integrative studies to predict the consequences of a changing environment on freshwater wetlands. </p>
Trophic regulation of soil microbial biomass under nitrogen enrichment: A global meta-analysis
<p>Eutrophication, including nitrogen (N) enrichment, can affect soil microbial communities through changes in trophic interactions. However, a knowledge gap still exists about how plant resources ('bottom-up effects') and microbial predators ('top-down effects') regulate the impacts of N enrichment on microbial biomass at the global scale.</p> <p>To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a global meta-analysis using 2885 paired observations from 217 publications to evaluate the regulatory effects of plant biomass and soil nematodes on soil microbial biomass under N enrichment across terrestrial ecosystems.</p> <p>We found that the effects of N enrichment on soil microbial biomass strongly varied across ecosystems. N enrichment decreased the soil microbial biomass of natural grasslands and forests due to soil acidification and the subsequent losses of predatory and microbivorous nematodes stimulating microbial growth. By contrast, N enrichment increased the microbial biomass of managed croplands mainly via increasing plant biomass production. The short-term of N enrichment (experimental duration ≤ 5 years) could reduce microbial biomass via decreasing nematode abundance across diverse ecosystems, whereas the long-term of N enrichment (experimental duration > 5 years) mainly promoted microbial biomass via increasing plant biomass.</p> <p>These findings highlight the critical roles of microbial predators and plant input in shaping microbial responses to N enrichment, which are highly dependent on ecosystem type and the period of N enrichment. Earth system models that predict soil microbial biomass and their linkages to soil functioning should consider the variations in plant biomass and soil nematodes under future scenarios of N deposition.</p>
Dataset on soil and soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus stoichiometry
<p>Dataset on soil and soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus stoichiometry. This dataset is compiled for for the scientific paper entitled "Interpreting stoichiometric homeostasis and flexibility of soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus" (doi: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.110018).</p>
Freshwater viral metagenome assembled genomes (vMAGs) used for vContact2 analysis in publication Genome-resolved metaproteomics decodes the microbial and viral contributions to coupled carbon and nitrogen cycling in river sediments
<p>This dataset contains all freshwater viruses that were mined from publicly available data in an effort to provide biogeographical context to viral communities identified from the Columbia River. These two files include data from:</p> <p>1) East River, CO (PRJNA579838)</p> <p>2) A previous study from the Columbia River, WA (PRJNA375338)</p> <p>3) Prairie Potholes, ND (PRJNA365086)</p> <p>4) Amazon River (PRJNA237344)</p> <p> </p> <p>Manuscript title Genome-resolved metaproteomics decodes the microbial and viral contributions to coupled carbon and nitrogen cycling in river sediments</p>
Dataset for manuscript entitled: Switchgrass cropping systems affect soil carbon and nitrogen and microbial diversity and activity on marginal lands
<p class="MsoListParagraph">Switchgrass (<em>Panicum virgatum</em> L.),<span> </span>as a dedicated bioenergy crop, can provide cellulosic feedstock for biofuel production while improving or maintaining soil quality. However, comprehensive evaluations of how switchgrass cultivation and nitrogen (N) management impact soil and plant parameters remain incomplete. We conducted<span> </span>field trials in three years (2016–2018) at six locations in the North Central Great Lakes Region to evaluate the effects of cropping systems (switchgrass, restored prairie, undisturbed control) and N rates (0, 56 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>) on biomass yield and soil physicochemical, microbial, and enzymatic parameters. Switchgrass cropping system yielded an aboveground biomass 2.9–3.3 times higher than the other two systems (Jayawardena et al., In submission) but our study found that this biomass accumulation didn't reduce soil dissolved organic C (DOC), total dissolved N (TDN), or bacterial diversity. The annual aboveground biomass removal for bioenergy feedstock, however, reduced soil microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN) and bacterial richness in the 2<sup>nd</sup> and 3<sup>rd</sup> years; despite this, continuous monocropping of switchgrass improved soil TDN, inorganic N, bacterial diversity, and shoot biomass in the 2<sup>nd</sup> and/or 3<sup>rd</sup> years when compared to the 1<sup>st</sup> year. N fertilization increased aboveground biomass yield by 1.2 times and significantly increased soil TDN, MBN, and the shoot biomass of switchgrass when compared to the unfertilized control. Locations with higher C and N contents and lower C:N ratio had higher aboveground biomass, MBC, MBN, and the activity of BG, CBH, and UREA enzymes; by contrast, locations with higher pH had higher soil TDN and activity of NAG and LAP enzymes. Our research demonstrates that switchgrass cultivation could improve or maintain soil N content and N fertilization can increase plant biomass yield. The comprehensive data also can inform future biogeochemical models to successfully implement switchgrass for bioenergy production.</p>
Three-dimensional mapping of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in soil microbial biomass and their stoichiometry at the global scale
<p>R code, raw datasets, and predicted global maps of soil microbial biomass C, N, and P and their stoichiometric ratios at 0-30 cm depth.</p> <p>When using any of these layers, please cite: Gao et al., Three-dimensional mapping of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in soil microbial biomass and their stoichiometry at the global scale (2022). Global Change Biology. DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16374</p>
Data from: Environmental change alters nitrogen fixation rates and microbial parameters in a subarctic biological crust
<p>Together, Biological Soil Crust (BSC) and other cryptogamic groundcovers can contribute up to half of the global nitrogen (N) fixation. BSC also stabilizes the soil (reducing erosion and dust emissions), fixes carbon (C), retains moisture, and acts as a hotspot of microbial diversity and activity. Much of the knowledge about how climate change is affecting the composition and functioning of BSC comes from hot arid and semiarid regions. The comparatively smaller body of research on BSC from cold and mesic environments has been primarily observational, for example along chronosequences after a glacier retreat. Few studies have experimentally investigated the effects of the environment on BSC from high latitudes. Such experiments allow unraveling of relationships at a resolution that can only be achieved by controlling for confounding factors. We measured short-term (2-4 days) responses of a liverwort-based (Anthelia juratzkana) BSC from the south of Iceland to a range of temperature, moisture and light conditions. Warming increased N fixation rates, especially when moisture was at a saturation level, and only when light was not limiting. A correlation analysis suggests that increases in N fixation rates were linked to cyanobacterial abundance on the BSC surface and to the rates of their metabolic activity. Warming and moisture changes also induced compositional and structural modification of the bacterial community, with consequences at the functional level. In contrast to many observations on BSC from hot drylands, the BSC from our cold and mesic study site is more limited by low temperature and light than by moisture. Our findings show possible ways in which BSC from cold and mesic ecosystems can respond to short-term manifestations of climate change, such as increasingly frequent heat waves.</p>
Biochar and nitrogen fertilizer promote rice yield by altering soil enzyme activity and microbial community structure
<p><span>Biochar can significantly change soil properties and improve soil quality.</span> <span>However, the effects of long-term combined application of biochar (B) and nitrogen (N) fertilizer on relationships between soil enzyme activity, microbial community structure and crop yield are still obscure. We characterized these relationships in a long-term (8 years) field experiment with rice, two biochar rates of 0 and 13.5 t ha<sup>-1</sup> year<sup>-1</sup> (B0 and B) and two N fertilizer rates of 0 and 300 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> year<sup>-1</sup> (N0 and N).</span><span> The repeated, long-term combined applications of biochar and N fertilizer significantly increased microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen (MBC and MBN), but biochar decreased the abundance of total bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as the amount of total phospholipid fatty acids. </span><span>The activity of leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) </span><span>decreased significantly in the biochar-amended and N fertilized treatment, but</span><span> the LAP activity either remained unchanged or increased with biochar amendment at N0. The relative abundance of bacterial phylum <em>Chloroflexi</em> was increased in the combined biochar and N fertilizer treatment. The changes in soil organic matter and the activity of α-1,4-xylosidase were the major properties influencing soil bacterial community composition, whereas the structure of fungal community was governed by MBC, MBN and LAP activity. In addition, long-term biochar and N fertilizer applied together significantly increased rice yield (more than biochar and nitrogen fertilizer applied alone). Yield</span> <span>was significantly positively correlated with LAP activity, but significantly negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Chloroflexi. In conclusion, long-term biochar and nitrogen fertilizer applications increased rice yield, which was associated with altered soil microbial community and enhanced activity of some enzymes.</span></p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.