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53 results for “miniaturisation”
Fig. 2 in Notes on egg structure and larval development in the highly miniaturised and progenetic Paedocypris (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)
Fig. 2. Adhesion and adhesive organ in larvae of Paedocypris carbunculus. A, Recently hatched larvae adhering to aquarium side (photograph by O. Perrin); B, SEM of head and anterior part of body in ventrolateral view, anterior to right, highlighting position of adhesive organ in gular region (BMNH 2018.6.20.1-15, ca. 1.6 mm NL); C, SEM close up of adhesive organ, anterior to left. White arrows in C indicate fibrous material on surface of adhesive organ. Abbreviations: AO, adhesive organ; AOR, adhesive organ ridge; LJ, lower jaw; PFB, pectoral-fin bud.
Fig. 3 in Notes on egg structure and larval development in the highly miniaturised and progenetic Paedocypris (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)
Fig. 3. Larvae (A–F) and juvenile (G) stages of Paedocypris carbunculus (BMNH 2018.6.20.1-15), right side, lateral view. A, 1.7 mm NL; B, 4.2 mm SL; C, 4.6 mm SL; D, 5.0 mm SL; E, 5.3 mm SL; F, 6.0 mm SL; G, 7.6 mm SL. White arrows in E and F point to pelvic-fin bud.
Fig. 1 in Notes on egg structure and larval development in the highly miniaturised and progenetic Paedocypris (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)
Fig. 1. Eggs of Paedocypris carbunculus. A, Recently laid egg attached to underside of plant leaf in aquarium (photograph by O. Perrin); B, Light microscope; C, SEM.
Reduction of chickens use to perform in vitro pre-screening of novel anticoccidials by miniaturisation and increased throughput of the current Eimeria tenella compound-screening model
<p>In vitro models have supported important advances in biomedical sciences and have significantly contributed to reduce the use of experimental animals in different disciplines. We have developed an in vitro model for the evaluation of potential anticoccidial properties of novel compounds aimed to control chicken coccidiosis, a costly disease for the poultry industry. This disease is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus <em>Eimeria</em> (Apicomplexa), and it is mainly controlled by chemoprophylaxis with ionophors and chemical anticoccidials; however, there is an overall agreement about the limitation of these classical drugs and the need to improve current methods of control. Anticoccidial activities of novel compounds is currently evaluated by expensive experiments that involve large numbers of chickens. The use of our in vitro model for the pre-screening of essential oils led to a reduction of 67% of the chickens used in the vivo trials for validation. In this study, we describe how further optimisation of this in vitro model by miniaturisation can have an additional impact on the number of chickens used for the generation of parasite stocks for provision of the in vitro model (which cannot be done in vitro). We have estimated that the use of one chicken could support the evaluation of ten compounds with a 96-well plate format vs. only two with a 24-well plate format, which means an 80% of chicken use reduction. In this study, we have proved that the miniaturisation into a 96-well plate format has perfectly mimicked the invasion and replication observed before in the 24-well plate format. In addition, this format has allowed the simultaneous pre-screening of higher numbers of anticoccidial drugs at different concentrations following streamlined protocols in a more cost-effective way, factors that are beneficial for a wider uptake of the model by other researchers investigating anticoccidial compounds. </p>
Reduction of chickens use to perform in vitro pre-screening of novel anticoccidials by miniaturisation and increased throughput of the current Eimeria tenella compound-screening model
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Miniaturised laboratorial equipment as a solution to implement conservation genetics tools and education in West African countries with limited infrastructures: an application to the study of illegal wildlife trade in Guinea-Bissau
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Figure 7 in A new species of miniaturised narrow-mouth frog of the genus Microhyla Tschudi, 1838 (Amphibia: Anura: Microhylidae) from northern Tenasserim, Thailand
Figure 7. Variation in dorsal colouration of Microhyla tetrix sp. nov. paratypes (in life). (a) Female (AUP 00602); (b) female (AUP 00600); (c) male (AUP 00606); (d) male (ZMMU A6035). Photos by Parinya Pawangkhanant.
Figure 1 in A new species of miniaturised narrow-mouth frog of the genus Microhyla Tschudi, 1838 (Amphibia: Anura: Microhylidae) from northern Tenasserim, Thailand
Figure 1. Distribution of Microhyla superciliaris species group in Thai–Malay Peninsula. A star denotes a type locality; a dot in the centre of an icon denotes populations included in phylogenetic analyses. Localities: Microhyla tetrix sp. nov.: THAILAND: (1) Suan Phueng Dist., Ratchaburi Prov. (this study); (2) Khao Kra Puk Mt., Phetchaburi Prov. (this study); (3) Kui Buri NP, Prachuap Khiri Khan Prov. (Taksintum et al. 2009, 2010); (4) 'Klong Bang Lai, Patiyu', now Pathio Dist., Chumphon Prov. (Smith 1916); (5) Wat Tham Sanook, Chumphon Prov. (this study); (6) Khao Sok Dist., Surat Thani Prov. (this study); (7) Phanom Dist., Surat Thani Prov. (this study); (8) Klong Sok Dist., Surat Thani Prov. (this study, type locality); (9) Ao Nang, Krabi Prov. (this study); Microhyla superciliaris: THAILAND: (10) Saba Yoi, Songkhla Prov. (this study); MALAYSIA: (11) Tasik Pedu Lake; Kedah (Manthey and Denzer 2014; Manthey et al. 2016); (12) Sedim, Kedah (Manthey et al. 2016); (13) Lenggong, Perak (Manthey et al. 2016); (14) Lata Belantan, Terengganu (Manthey et al. 2016); (15) Sekayu, Terengganu (Manthey et al. 2016); (16) Kuala Tahan, Pahang (Manthey et al. 2016); (17) Temerloh, Pahang (Matsui et al. 2011); (18) Batu Caves, Kuala Lumpur (Parker 1928); (19) Forest Research Institute of Malaysia office, Selangor (Manthey et al. 2016); (20) Kenaboi, Negeri Sembilan (Matsui et al. 2011); (21) Gunung Belumut, Johor (Manthey et al. 2016); (22) Gunung Panti, Johor (Manthey et al. 2016). Colours of localities correspond to those used in Figure 2. Photos by Parinya Pawangkhanant. Dashed lines indicate the Isthmus of Kra and the Kangar–Pattani line biogeographic borders (given following Baltzer et al. 2008).
Figure 4 in A new species of miniaturised narrow-mouth frog of the genus Microhyla Tschudi, 1838 (Amphibia: Anura: Microhylidae) from northern Tenasserim, Thailand
Figure 4. Dorsolateral view of holotype of Microhyla tetrix sp. nov. in situ (AUP 00603, a female from Klong Sok Dist., Surat Thani Prov.). Photo by Parinya Pawangkhanant.
Figure 9 in A new species of miniaturised narrow-mouth frog of the genus Microhyla Tschudi, 1838 (Amphibia: Anura: Microhylidae) from northern Tenasserim, Thailand
Figure 9. Microhyla superciliaris Parker from Saba Yoi, Songkhla Prov., Thailand, showing characteristic dorsal colouration and presence of an enlarged superciliary tubercle. (a) Adult male; (b) adult female (not collected). Photos by Parinya Pawangkhanant and Watinee Juthong.
Figure 6 in A new species of miniaturised narrow-mouth frog of the genus Microhyla Tschudi, 1838 (Amphibia: Anura: Microhylidae) from northern Tenasserim, Thailand
Figure 6. Morphological details of the male paratype of Microhyla tetrix sp. nov. (ZMMU A6034), male, in preservative. (a) Volar view of the left hand; (b) plantar view of the right foot. Drawings by Valentina D. Kretova.
Figure 2 in A new species of miniaturised narrow-mouth frog of the genus Microhyla Tschudi, 1838 (Amphibia: Anura: Microhylidae) from northern Tenasserim, Thailand
Figure 2. Bayesian inference tree of Microhyla derived from the analysis of 2428 bp of alignment including 12S rRNA, tRNAVal and 16S rRNA gene fragments. For voucher specimen information and GenBank accession numbers see Supplementary Table S2. Red and green colour denotes Microhyla tetrix sp. nov. and Microhyla superciliaris, respectively (see Figure 1); grey denotes M. superciliaris group members. Microhyla species occurring on the Thai–Malay Peninsula are underlined. Numbers at tree nodes correspond to posterior probability and bootstrap support values, respectively. Outgroup taxa not shown. Photos by Parinya Pawangkhanant.
Figure 5 in A new species of miniaturised narrow-mouth frog of the genus Microhyla Tschudi, 1838 (Amphibia: Anura: Microhylidae) from northern Tenasserim, Thailand
Figure 5. Variation in colouration of Microhyla tetrix sp. nov. (in situ). (a) Adult female from Ao Nang Dist., Krabi Prov. (not collected); (b) paratype AUP 00601, female from Klong Sok Dist., Surat Thani Prov.; (c) paratype AUP 00605, male from Klong Sok Dist., Surat Thani Prov.; (d) adult female from Wat Tham Sanook, Chumphon Prov. (not collected); (e) paratype ZMMU A6033, female from Klong Sok Dist., Surat Thani Prov.; (f) paratype ZMMU A6035, male from Khao Kra Puk Mt., Phetchaburi Prov. Photos by Parinya Pawangkhanant.
Figure 3 in A new species of miniaturised narrow-mouth frog of the genus Microhyla Tschudi, 1838 (Amphibia: Anura: Microhylidae) from northern Tenasserim, Thailand
Figure 3. Holotype of Microhyla tetrix sp. nov. (AUP 00603), female, in life. (a) Dorsal view; (b) ventral view; (c) lateral view of head; (d) volar view of left hand; (e) plantar view of left foot. Photos by Nikolay A. Poyarkov.
Fig 10 in Morphological and ecological convergence at the lower size limit for vertebrates highlighted by five new miniaturised microhylid frog species from three different Madagascan genera
Fig 10. Rhombophryne proportionalis sp. nov., holotype ZSM 1826/2010, in life. (a) dorsolateral, (b) dorsal, and (c) ventral view. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213314.g010
Fig 8 in Morphological and ecological convergence at the lower size limit for vertebrates highlighted by five new miniaturised microhylid frog species from three different Madagascan genera
Fig 8. Osteology of Mini scule gen. et sp. nov. holotype (ZSM 5943/2005). (a, b) Whole skeleton in (a) dorsal and (b) ventral view. (c-f) Skull in (c) lateral, (d) ventral, (e) anterior, and (f) dorsal view. (g) Foot in ventral view. (h) Hand in ventral view. For abbreviations, see Fig 6. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213314.g008
Fig 6 in Morphological and ecological convergence at the lower size limit for vertebrates highlighted by five new miniaturised microhylid frog species from three different Madagascan genera
Fig 6. Osteology of Mini mum gen. et sp. nov. holotype (ZSM 861/2014). (a-c) Whole skeleton in (a) dorsal, (b) lateral, and (c) ventral view. (d-g) Skull in (d) lateral, (e) ventral, (f) anterior, and (g) dorsal view. (h) Foot in ventral view. (i) Hand in ventral view. Abbreviations for all osteological figures: angspl, angulosplenial; col.pip, pars interna plectra of columella; col.pmp, pars media plectra of columella; cpl(s), carpal(s); den, dentary; exoc, exoccipital; exoc.occ, occipital condyle of exoccipital; fpar, frontoparietal; max, maxilla; max.fp, facial process of maxilla; mmk, mentomeckelian; n, nasal; n.mp, maxillary process of nasal; npl, neopalatine; oc, otic capsule; prsph. ap, parasphenoid alary process; prsph.cp, parasphenoid cultriform process; prsph.pmp, parasphenoid posteromedial process; pmx, premaxilla; pmx.ap, premaxilla ascending process; pmx.lp, premaxilla lateral process; pmx.pp, premaxilla palatine process; povom, postchoanal portion of vomer; pro, prootic; prvom, prechoanal portion of vomer; pt.ar, pterygoid anterior ramus; pt.mr, pterygoid medial ramus; pt.vr, pterygoid ventral ramus; qj, quadratojugal; smx, septomaxilla; spheth, sphenethmoid; sq. or, squamosal otic ramus; sq.vr, squamosal ventral ramus; sq.zr, squamosal zygomatic ramus; tsl(s), tarsals; vt, vomerine teeth. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213314.g006
Fig 4 in Morphological and ecological convergence at the lower size limit for vertebrates highlighted by five new miniaturised microhylid frog species from three different Madagascan genera
Fig 4. Mini mum gen. et sp. nov. in life and its habitat in Manombo Special Reserve. (a-c) ZSM 861/2014, holotype, in (a) anterolateral view on a thumbnail, (b) dorsolateral view on a leaf, (c) ventral view. (d, e) ZSM 862/2014, paratype, in (d) ventral view, and (e) lateral view on a thumbnail. (f, g) ZMB 83194, paratype, in (f) dorsolateral view, and (g) ventral view. (h) ZMB 81993, paratype, in dorsolateral view. (i) ZMA 20172 in posterodorsolateral view. (j) Habitat of the new species in Manombo Special Reserve. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213314.g004
Fig 2 in Morphological and ecological convergence at the lower size limit for vertebrates highlighted by five new miniaturised microhylid frog species from three different Madagascan genera
Fig 2. Holotypes of the new species described in this paper and their hands. Whole specimens in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view. Hand images not to scale. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213314.g002
Fig 5 in Morphological and ecological convergence at the lower size limit for vertebrates highlighted by five new miniaturised microhylid frog species from three different Madagascan genera
Fig 5. One-second spectrograms and oscillograms of the calls of the new species described here. Insets represent the respective species but not the calling specimens. (a) Mini mum gen. et sp. nov., paratype ZMB 81993 from Manombo, (b) Mini scule gen. et sp. nov., ZSM 265/2018 from Sainte Luce, (c) Rhombophryne proportionalis sp. nov., part of a call (note series) of a specimen from Bepia campsite, Tsaratanana (not collected), (d) Anodonthyla eximia sp. nov., specimen not collected, from Maharira (Ranomafana). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213314.g005
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.