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140 results for “mitochondrial diversity”
Fig. 2. Minimum spanning network for haematozoa mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b in Prevalence and genetic diversity of haematozoa in South American waterfowl and evidence for intercontinental redistribution of parasites by migratory birds
Fig. 2. Minimum spanning network for haematozoa mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b haplotypes detected in South American waterfowl. Shaded circles represent unsampled nodes. All circles are drawn proportional to the frequency at which haplotypes were observed. Lines separating nodes are drawn to scale based on the number of nucleotide mutations, unless otherwise indicated by hash marks. Only haplotypes with a length of 358 bp or greater were included. Haplotype name abbreviations are as follows: Haem = Haemoproteus, Leuc = Leucocytozoon, and Plas = Plasmodium.
Global patterns of nuclear and mitochondrial genetic diversity in marine fishes
<p>Genetic diversity is a fundamental component of biodiversity. Examination of global patterns of genetic diversity can help highlight mechanisms underlying species diversity, though a recurring challenge has been that patterns may vary by molecular marker. Here, we compiled 6862 observations of genetic diversity from 492 species of marine fish and tested among hypotheses for diversity gradients: the founder effect hypothesis, the kinetic energy hypothesis, and the productivity-diversity hypothesis. We fit generalized linear mixed effect models (GLMMs) and explored the extent to which various macroecological drivers (latitude, longitude, temperature (SST), and chlorophyll-a concentration) explained variation in genetic diversity. We found that mitochondrial genetic diversity followed geographic gradients similar to those of species diversity, being highest near the Equator, particularly in the Coral Triangle, while nuclear genetic diversity did not follow clear geographic patterns. Despite these differences, all genetic diversity metrics were correlated with chlorophyll-a concentration, while mitochondrial diversity was also positively associated with SST. Our results provide support for the kinetic energy hypothesis, which predicts that elevated mutation rates at higher temperatures increase mitochondrial but not necessarily nuclear diversity, and the productivity-diversity hypothesis, which posits that resource-rich regions support larger populations with greater genetic diversity. Overall, these findings reveal how environmental variables can influence mutation rates and genetic drift in the ocean, caution against using mitochondrial macro-genetic patterns as proxies for whole-genome diversity, and aid in defining global gradients of genetic diversity.</p>
Fig. 1 in Genetic Diversity In Peripheral And Central Populations Of Rusty-Necklaced Partridge (Alectoris Magna) Based On Mitochondrial And Microsatellite Dna
Fig. 1. Rusty-necklaced partridge sampling sites: 1 = Lanzhou, 2 = Jingyuan, 3 = Haiyuan, 4 = Dingxi, 5 = Huining, 6 = Wushan, 7 = Beidao, 8 = Lixian
Fig. 1 in Mitochondrial Dna Diversity Of The Alpine Newt (Ichthyosaura Alpestris) In The Carpathian Basin: Evidence For Multiple Cryptic Lineages Associated With Pleistocene Refugia*
Fig. 1. Sampling sites and haplotypes found in and around the Carpathian Basin. Sam- ples collected in this study are marked with circles and haplotype codes, and previously
Fig. 5 in Mitochondrial Dna Diversity Of The Alpine Newt (Ichthyosaura Alpestris) In The Carpathian Basin: Evidence For Multiple Cryptic Lineages Associated With Pleistocene Refugia*
Fig. 5. Original drawings by O. Gy. Dely: male (A, B) and female (C, D) Ichthyosaura alpestris alpestris head shape from dorsal (A, C) and lateral (B, D) view
Fig. 4 in Mitochondrial Dna Diversity Of The Alpine Newt (Ichthyosaura Alpestris) In The Carpathian Basin: Evidence For Multiple Cryptic Lineages Associated With Pleistocene Refugia*
Fig. 4. Holotype of Triturus (=Ichthyosaura) alpestris bakonyiensis (Dely, 1964) (HNHM- HER-61.27.1.) from dorsal (A), lateral (B) and ventral (C) view
Fig. 8 in Mitochondrial Dna Diversity Of The Alpine Newt (Ichthyosaura Alpestris) In The Carpathian Basin: Evidence For Multiple Cryptic Lineages Associated With Pleistocene Refugia*
Fig. 8. Original drawings by O. Gy. Dely: female (A–D) and male (E–H) Ichthyosaura alpestris bakonyiensis skull from dorsal (A, E), ventral (B, F), lateral (C, G) and posterior (D, H) view
Fig. 7 in Mitochondrial Dna Diversity Of The Alpine Newt (Ichthyosaura Alpestris) In The Carpathian Basin: Evidence For Multiple Cryptic Lineages Associated With Pleistocene Refugia*
Fig. 7. Original drawings by O. Gy. Dely: female (A–D) and male (E–H) Ichthyosaura alpestris alpestris skull from dorsal (A, E), ventral (B, F), lateral (C, G) and posterior (D, H) view
Fig. 3 in Mitochondrial Dna Diversity Of The Alpine Newt (Ichthyosaura Alpestris) In The Carpathian Basin: Evidence For Multiple Cryptic Lineages Associated With Pleistocene Refugia*
Fig. 3. Median-joining network of the combined mtDNA haplotypes found in and around the Carpathian Basin (drawn with PopArt 1.7). Inset: distribution of Ichthyosaura alpestris in this region. On the network, circles with haplotype names mark haplotypes found in this
Fig. 6 in Mitochondrial Dna Diversity Of The Alpine Newt (Ichthyosaura Alpestris) In The Carpathian Basin: Evidence For Multiple Cryptic Lineages Associated With Pleistocene Refugia*
Fig. 6. Original drawings by O. Gy. Dely: male (A, B) and female (C, D) Ichthyosaura alpestris bakonyiensis head shape from dorsal (A, C) and lateral (B, D) view
Fig. 5 in Mitochondrial DNA diversity in the acanthocephalan Prosthenorchis elegans in Colombia based on cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene sequence
Fig. 5. Distribution and frequency of Prosthenorchis elegans haplotypes (A–F) and haplogroups (I–II) by locality and individual. URRAS: Unidad de Rescate y Rehabilitacíon de Animales Silvestres, Universidad Nacional de Colombia; AMVA: Area Metropolitana del Valle de Aburŕa; WCS: Wildlife Conservation Society-Colombia.
Fig. 4 in Mitochondrial DNA diversity in the acanthocephalan Prosthenorchis elegans in Colombia based on cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene sequence
Fig. 4. Phylogenetic tree obtained using Bayesian Inference (BI) and Maximum Likelihood (ML); node supports are provided for BI\ML. Outgroup taxa: Oncicola sp, AF417000; O. luehe = Oncicola luehe, JN710452; M. ingens = Macracanthorhynchus ingens, AF416997; M. hirudinaceus = Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus, FR856886; O. tortuous = Oligacanthorhynchus tortuous, AF416999.
Fig. 3 in Mitochondrial DNA diversity in the acanthocephalan Prosthenorchis elegans in Colombia based on cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene sequence
Fig. 3. Haplotype network of Prosthenorchis elegans. Network shows relationships among P.elegans haplotypes (A–F) recovered from Saguinus leucopus and Cebus albifrons based on 633 bp of COI. All branches are of unit length (one mutational step). Labeled open circles represent observed haplotypes; areas of circles are proportional to the number observed for each haplotype. Filled circles indicate inferred haplotypes not found among sampled individuals. Double lines indicate variable sites (49, 274 and 293) resulting in changes in amino acid. Haplogroups are identified.
Fig. 2 in Mitochondrial DNA diversity in the acanthocephalan Prosthenorchis elegans in Colombia based on cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene sequence
Fig. 2. External morphology of Prosthenorchis elegans via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A. View of entire body of parasite. B. Proboscis armed with hooks.
Fig. 2 Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree constructed using the mitochondrial cox1 gene for 103 in Genetic diversity and population genetics of large lungworms (Dictyocaulus, Nematoda) in wild deer in Hungary
ƒFig. 2 Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree constructed using the mitochondrial cox1 gene for 103 Dictyocaulus lungworms originating from Hungary and five lungworms from GenBank indicated by their accession numbers (one dictyocaulid worm of red deer in New Zealand and four sequences of D. viviparus). Lungworms were collected from hunted deer (fallow, red and roe deer), indicated by triangle, square and circle, respectively. Geographical collecting regions are indicated for each sample
Figures 4–5. Mitochondrial D-loop 474 in Molecular confirmation of the occurrence of Anguilla interioris (Actinopterygii: Anguilliformes) in North Maluku of Indonesia and mitochondrial DNA haplotype diversity among existing specimens
Figures 4–5. Mitochondrial D-loop 474 bp sequence analyses. (4) Phylogenetic analysis based on maximum likelihood algorithm with the sample codes, GenBank accession numbers and sample sites shown. Bootstrap percentages are shown at the tree nodes. (5) Haplotype network with the haplotypes labelled as H1 to H9. The circle size is proportional to the number of samples, and different sample sites are represented by different colours. Small white circle represents median vector which is the hypothesized or missing haplotype. Each dash on the line symbolizes one mutational step.
Figure 1 in Molecular confirmation of the occurrence of Anguilla interioris (Actinopterygii: Anguilliformes) in North Maluku of Indonesia and mitochondrial DNA haplotype diversity among existing specimens
Figure 1. Sampling locations of Anguilla interioris in North Maluku of East Indonesia. Sampling locations are shown in red (circle: COI, triangle: D-loop). Locations of Bougainville of Papua New Guinea, Papua New Guinea mainland, Negros Oriental and Sibutad of Philippines, and Ambon and Bengkulu of Indonesia, which were used in molecular phylogenetic and haplotype network analyses, are shown in purple (circle: COI, triangle: D-loop). Specimen records are shown in square with growth stages; L [larval (leptocephalus); Kuroki et al. 2006, Wouthuyzen et al. 2009, Aoyama et al. 2018], J [juvenile (glass eel); Sugeha et al. 2008, Fahmi et al. 2012, Wibowo et al. 2021] and A (adult; Watanabe et al. 2004, Fahmi et al. 2012, Wibowo et al. 2021, this study). Base maps were downloaded from http://viewer. nationalmap.gov/viewer (USGS 2022) and from the OpenStreetMap at https://www.openstreetmap.org.
Figure S1 in Mitochondrial genetic diversity and structuring of northern white-breasted hedgehogs from the Central Balkans
Figure S1. Median-joining network shows the distribution of 13 Erinaceus roumanicus haplotypes from the Central Balkans, with pie chart area proportional to haplotype frequencies in relation to the four detected subpopulations.
Figure 1 in Mitochondrial genetic diversity and structuring of northern white-breasted hedgehogs from the Central Balkans
Figure 1. Geographic position of sampled localities of E. roumanicus from the Central Balkans in this study. Numbers of localities correspond to those shown in Table 1, where the number of individuals sampled for each locality is also given. Localities were organized in four groups as suggested by Geneland analysis (NWC – black circles; NE – red squares; SE – green polygons; SW – blue triangles).
Figure 2 in Mitochondrial genetic diversity and structuring of northern white-breasted hedgehogs from the Central Balkans
Figure 2. Distribution of haplotype frequencies in four detected groups of E. roumanicus from the Central Balkans. The size of pie charts is proportional to sample size. The numbers on the x and y axes correspond to longitude and latitude decimal degrees.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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