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9 results for “mixed mating system”

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zenodo40/100

Data: Testing the mating system model of parasite complex life cycle evolution reveals demographically driven mixed mating

Abstract: Many parasite species use multiple host species to complete development; however, empirical tests of models that seek to understand factors impacting evolutionary changes or maintenance of host number in parasite life cycles are scarce. Specifically, Brown et al.’s (2001) mating system model, which posits multi-host life cycles are an adaptation to prevent inbreeding in hermaphroditic parasites and thus, preclude inbreeding depression, remains untested. The model assumes loss of a host results in parasite inbreeding and predicts host loss can only evolve if there is no parasite inbreeding depression. <a name="_Hlk169780726"></a>We provide the first empirical tests of this model using a novel approach we developed for assessing inbreeding depression from field-collected, parasite samples. The method compares genetically-based, selfing-rate estimates to a demographic-based selfing rate, which was derived from the closed mating system experienced by endoparasites.  Results from the hermaphroditic trematode Alloglossidium renale, which has a derived 2-host life cycle, supported both the assumption and prediction of the mating system model as this highly inbred species had no indication of inbreeding depression. Additionally, comparisons of genetic and demographic selfing rates revealed <a name="_Hlk169781073"></a>a mixed mating system that could be explained completely by the parasite’s demography, i.e., its infection intensities.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2024View details →

zenodo40/100

Inbreeding depression, functional traits and phenotypic plasticity in an endangered tree species from Congo basin with a mixed mating system

<h3>Inbreeding depression, functional traits and phenotypic plasticity in an endangered tree species from Congo basin with a mixed mating system</h3> <h1><a name="_Hlk166486742"></a>Abstract</h1> 1. Most tree species can suffer from inbreeding depression (ID), which they escape by reproducing predominantly through outcrossing. A remarkable exception is Pericopsis elata, an African timber species naturally producing 54% of self-fertilized seeds in the eastern Congo Basin. This species is highly logged and suffers from a deficit of natural regeneration, so that silviculture is needed for its sustainable management. While selecting good genetic material can increase the value of plantations, we lack fundamental biological knowledge on the effect of inbreeding and competition on growth potential, variability in leaf traits and phenotypic plasticity. We hypothesize that ID in P. elata could result from the expression of deleterious mutations affecting functional traits, or from a reduction of adaptive phenotypic plasticity in inbred genotypes. 2. To test our hypotheses, 540 P. elata seedlings were monitored for 4 years in a Nelder-type device located in the DRC, in which trees were planted along concentric circles to generate a density gradient. Nine leaf morphological traits (including specific leaf area, stomata density and size), eight leaf chemical traits, diameter, and total height were measured regularly, while paternity analyses allowed distinguishing inbred and outbred plants. To explain the observed ID on growth, we tested whether inbreeding affected leaf traits and/or their plasticity expressed across years, across the density gradient or across sunlight exposure. 3. Outbred plants grew faster than inbred ones, demonstrating ID for each level of competition. Despite the significant correlation found between specific leaf area and growth, and the impact of planting density, plant age, and leaf exposure to sunlight on multiple traits, mean leaf trait values did not differ according to inbreeding. However, a few leaf traits (chlorophyl content, maximum stomatal water vapor conductance, and leaf fresh mass) showed significantly higher plasticity in outbred than inbred plants. 4. Synthesis: the observed ID on growth was not explained by a direct effect of inbreeding on the mean values of functional traits but possibly by a reduction of phenotypic plasticity with inbreeding. Additional studies on the interplay between ID, functional traits and plasticity should be conducted at the intra-specific level to identify general patterns. Key-words : Inbreeding depression, phenotypic plasticity, silviculture, functionals traits, Pericopsis elata, mating system, Nelder device.

opencc-zeroOct 2024View details →

dryad40/100