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FIGURE 17. Hungarosoma bokori Verhoeff, 1928 in Hungarosoma bokori Verhoeff, 1928 (Diplopoda: Chordeumatida): new insights into its taxonomy, systematics, molecular genetics, biogeography and ecology

FIGURE 17. Hungarosoma bokori Verhoeff, 1928, female, vulvae (Driny Cave). Vulvae in posterior-ventral view (o = opercula) Not scaled.

FIGURE 19 in Hungarosoma bokori Verhoeff, 1928 (Diplopoda: Chordeumatida): new insights into its taxonomy, systematics, molecular genetics, biogeography and ecology

FIGURE 19. Distribution of the genus Hungarosoma Verhoeff, 1928. Empty dot: H. inexpectatum, solid dots: H. bokori. Distribution of H. bokori in Slovak-Aggtelek Karst drawn in higher scale.

FIGURE 18. A in Hungarosoma bokori Verhoeff, 1928 (Diplopoda: Chordeumatida): new insights into its taxonomy, systematics, molecular genetics, biogeography and ecology

FIGURE 18. A Maximum-Likelihood tree (GTR + G + I model) based on the COI gene and rooted with Polyxenus lagurus. All data—except from H. bokori — were obtained from Genbank. Numbers refer to bootstrap values (1000 replicates). Scale bar = 0.02 substitutions / site. For origin of the H. bokori material, see Table 1.

FIGURES 12 – 14. Hungarosoma bokori Verhoeff, 1928 in Hungarosoma bokori Verhoeff, 1928 (Diplopoda: Chordeumatida): new insights into its taxonomy, systematics, molecular genetics, biogeography and ecology

FIGURES 12 – 14. Hungarosoma bokori Verhoeff, 1928, male (Abaliget Cave). 12: Antenna. 13: Gonopod complex, anterior view. The right side of pair structures is slightly turned laterally. 14: Gonopods in right lateral view. Abbreviations: Letters a – h signal equivalent structures in both views. Anterior gonopods (legs 8): a = cheirite, b = brush-like arm, c = additive divided arm, d = hyaline process. Posterior gonopods (legs 9): e = gonopod, f = ventral hyaline prominence, g = claw shape process with long seta. Not scaled. Photos: Andrej Mock.

FIGURES 6 – 9. Hungarosoma bokori Verhoeff, 1928 in Hungarosoma bokori Verhoeff, 1928 (Diplopoda: Chordeumatida): new insights into its taxonomy, systematics, molecular genetics, biogeography and ecology

FIGURES 6 – 9. Hungarosoma bokori Verhoeff, 1928, specimens from the Abaliget Cave, preserved in alcohol (not scaled). 6: Habitus of adult male in lateral view; the cheirites of anterior gonopods are visible. 7: Details of the dorsal part of the male trunk. 8: Ventral side of mid-body segments in detail. 9: Dorsal side of a juvenile of stadium III with the shape of the pleurotergites typical for the genus (all material from the Abaliget Cave, Hungary). Photos: Andrej Mock.

FIGURES 10 – 11. Hungarosoma bokori Verhoeff, 1928 in Hungarosoma bokori Verhoeff, 1928 (Diplopoda: Chordeumatida): new insights into its taxonomy, systematics, molecular genetics, biogeography and ecology

FIGURES 10 – 11. Hungarosoma bokori Verhoeff, 1928, female from the Driny Cave, scanning electronic microscopy of details of the shape and surface of mid-body segments. 10: Dorsolateral view (left side). 11: A pleurotergite, dorsolateral view in detail. Photos: Andrej Mock & Karel Tajovský.

FIGURE 16. Hungarosoma bokori Verhoeff, 1928 in Hungarosoma bokori Verhoeff, 1928 (Diplopoda: Chordeumatida): new insights into its taxonomy, systematics, molecular genetics, biogeography and ecology

FIGURE 16. Hungarosoma bokori Verhoeff, 1928, male, gonopods (Abaliget Cave). Right lateral view. Letters a – h signal equivalent structures in both views. Abbreviations: Letters a – h signal equivalent structures in both views. Anterior gonopods (legs 8): a = cheirite, b = brush-like arm, c = additive divided arm, d = hyaline process. Posterior gonopods (legs 9): e = gonopod, f = ventral hyaline prominence, g = claw shape process with long seta.

FIGURES 2 – 5. Hungarosoma bokori Verhoeff, 1928 in Hungarosoma bokori Verhoeff, 1928 (Diplopoda: Chordeumatida): new insights into its taxonomy, systematics, molecular genetics, biogeography and ecology

FIGURES 2 – 5. Hungarosoma bokori Verhoeff, 1928, female, holotype (Abaliget Cave). 2: Head end of the body, right lateral view. 3: Tergite 15, dorsal view. 4: Antenna, lateral view. 5: Discernable vulvae in situ (v), right lateral view. Photos: Jörg Spelda.

FIGURE 15. Hungarosoma bokori Verhoeff, 1928 in Hungarosoma bokori Verhoeff, 1928 (Diplopoda: Chordeumatida): new insights into its taxonomy, systematics, molecular genetics, biogeography and ecology

FIGURE 15. Hungarosoma bokori Verhoeff, 1928, male, gonopods (Abaliget Cave). Anterior view (right side of pair structures is slightly turned laterally). Abbreviations: Letters a – h signal equivalent structures in both views. Anterior gonopods (legs 8): a = cheirite, b = brush-like arm, c = additive divided arm, d = hyaline process. Posterior gonopods (legs 9): e = gonopod, f = ventral hyaline prominence, g = claw shape process with long seta.

FIGURE 1. Hungarosoma bokori Verhoeff, 1928 in Hungarosoma bokori Verhoeff, 1928 (Diplopoda: Chordeumatida): new insights into its taxonomy, systematics, molecular genetics, biogeography and ecology

FIGURE 1. Hungarosoma bokori Verhoeff, 1928, female, sampled at the entrance of the Baradla Cave, Hungary, 21. iii. 2013. Photo: Ľubomír Kováč & Andrej Mock.

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Text-fig. 9. Phylogenetic tree indicating the number of required character state changes (steps) under parsimony for various positions of Miranthus gen. nov. in a molecular based backbone tree (see material and methods for additional details). in Early Flowers Of Primuloid Ericales From The Late Cretaceous Of Portugal And Their Ecological And Phytogeographic Implications

Text-fig. 9. Phylogenetic tree indicating the number of required character state changes (steps) under parsimony for various positions of Miranthus gen. nov. in a molecular based backbone tree (see material and methods for additional details).

Fig. 8 in A combined morphological and molecular approach in identifying barnacle cyprids from the Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve in Malaysia: essentials for larval ecology studies

Fig. 8. Classification tree model computed from the morphometric characters of complete specimen data (with carapace sculpturing). A binary decision is made at each node, where 'true' for the node description lead to branch at left and 'false' to right. Probability of correct prediction ('recall') at each terminal node ('leaf') is also shown.

Fig. 7 in A combined morphological and molecular approach in identifying barnacle cyprids from the Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve in Malaysia: essentials for larval ecology studies

Fig. 7. Light and scanning electron micrograph of cyprids of: A, B, Amphibalanus reticulatus; C, OTU 2; D, Amphibalanus amphitrite; and E, OTU 1. Carapace sculpturing were absent in this group of cyprids.

Fig. 9 in A combined morphological and molecular approach in identifying barnacle cyprids from the Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve in Malaysia: essentials for larval ecology studies

Fig. 9. Composition of barnacle cyprid diversity at different stations and different year of collection.

Fig. 6 in A combined morphological and molecular approach in identifying barnacle cyprids from the Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve in Malaysia: essentials for larval ecology studies

Fig. 6. Light and scanning electron micrograph of cyprids of: A–H, Amphibalanus variegatus; and I–L, Euraphia withersi. Details of specific carapace sculpturing patterns in each species are shown at higher magnification. 6I, E. withersi has reddish pigments around the carapace (arrows) and a dark rounded pigmentation spot (circled).

Fig. 5 in A combined morphological and molecular approach in identifying barnacle cyprids from the Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve in Malaysia: essentials for larval ecology studies

Fig. 5. Light and scanning electron micrograph of cyprids of: A–D, Fistulobalanus sp.; and E–J, Fistulobalanus patellaris. Details of specific carapace sculpturing patterns in each species are shown at higher magnification.

Fig. 2 in A combined morphological and molecular approach in identifying barnacle cyprids from the Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve in Malaysia: essentials for larval ecology studies

Fig. 2. Lateral view of cyris larvae of barnacle showing measurements used for morphometric analysis. CL: carapace length; CH: carapace height; A: posterior carapace angle. Ratio of CL/CH was also calculated.

Fig. 1 in A combined morphological and molecular approach in identifying barnacle cyprids from the Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve in Malaysia: essentials for larval ecology studies

Fig. 1. Map of sampling locations at Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve (MMFR) in Perak, Malaysia. Sampling was carried out in April 2011 at sites 1–8 and in June 2012 at sites 9–14.

Fig. 4 in A combined morphological and molecular approach in identifying barnacle cyprids from the Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve in Malaysia: essentials for larval ecology studies

Fig. 4. Histogram showing variations of pair-wise genetic distances computed from 12S-rRNA gene fragment sequences using Kimura 2-parameter model. Note the distribution of within-species variations does not overlap with that of inter-species variation.

Fig. 3. Neighbour-joining tree contructed from partial 12S in A combined morphological and molecular approach in identifying barnacle cyprids from the Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve in Malaysia: essentials for larval ecology studies

Fig. 3. Neighbour-joining tree contructed from partial 12S-rRNA gene fragment sequences of cyprids and adults of barnacle. The sequences were clustered into eight clades, and species name were labelled at the clades containing sequence(s) of identified adult of barnacle. Clades with no sequence of identified barnacle adult clustered within were designated as OTU (Operational Taxonomic Unit). Number of sequences in each clade were also shown. Scale bar denotes 0.02 base substituition per site.