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22 results for “molecular gut content analysis”
Data from: Spider webs, stable isotopes and molecular gut content analysis: multiple lines of evidence support trophic niche differentiation in a community of Hawaiian spiders
1. Adaptive radiations are typically characterized by niche partitioning among their constituent species. Trophic niche partitioning is particularly important in predatory animals, which rely on limited food resources for survival. 2. We test for trophic niche partitioning in an adaptive radiation of Hawaiian Tetragnatha spiders, which have diversified in situ on the Hawaiian Islands. We focus on a community of nine species belonging to two different clades, one web building and the other actively hunting, which co-occur in wet forest on East Maui. We hypothesize that trophic niches differ significantly both 1) among species within a clade, indicating food resource partitioning, and 2) between the two clades, corresponding with their differences in foraging strategy. 3. To assess niches of the spider species, we measure a) web architecture, the structure of the hunting tool, and b) site choice, the physical placement of the web in the habitat. We then test whether differences in these parameters translate into meaningful differences in trophic niche by measuring c) stable isotope signatures of carbon and nitrogen in the spiders' tissues, and d) gut content of spiders based on metabarcoding data. 4. We find significant interspecific differences in web architecture and site choice. Importantly, these differences are reflected in stable isotope signatures among the five web-building species, as well as significant isotopic differences between web-builders and active hunters. Gut content data also show interspecific and inter-clade differences. Pairwise overlaps of web architecture between species are positively correlated with overlaps of isotopic signature. 5. Our results reveal trophic niche partitioning among species within each clade, as well as between the web-building and actively hunting clades. Based on the correlation between web architecture and stable isotopes, it appears that the isotopic signatures of spiders' tissues are influenced by architectural differences among their webs. Our findings indicate an important link between web structure, microhabitat preference and diet in the Hawaiian Tetragnatha.
Data from: Spider webs, stable isotopes and molecular gut content analysis: multiple lines of evidence support trophic niche differentiation in a community of Hawaiian spiders
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Identification of potential western bean cutworm (<em>Striacosta albicosta</em>) predators in field corn through molecular gut-content analysis
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Arthropod food webs in the foreland of a retreating Greenland glacier: Integrating molecular gut content analysis with Structural Equation Modelling
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Data from: Testing the validity of functional response models using molecular gut content analysis for prey choice in soil predators
Analysis of predator - prey interactions is a core concept of animal ecology, explaining structure and dynamics of animal food webs. Measuring the functional response, i.e. the intake rate of a consumer as a function of prey density, is a powerful method to predict the strength of trophic links and assess motives of prey choice, particularly in arthropod communities. However, due to their reductionist set-up, functional responses, which are based on laboratory feeding experiments, may not display field conditions, possibly leading to skewed results. Here, we tested the validity of functional responses of centipede predators and their prey by comparing them with empirical gut content data from field-collected predators. Our predator - prey system included lithobiid and geophilomorph centipedes, abundant and widespread predators of forest soils and their soil-dwelling prey. First, we calculated the body size-dependent functional responses of centipedes using a published functional response model in which we included natural prey abundances and animal body masses. This allowed us to calculate relative proportions of specific prey taxa in the centipede diet. In a second step, we screened field-collected centipedes for DNA of eight abundant soil-living prey taxa and estimated their body size-dependent proportion of feeding events. We subsequently compared empirical data for each of the eight prey taxa, on proportional feeding events with functional response-derived data on prey proportions expected in the gut, showing that both approaches significantly correlate in five out of eight predator - prey links for lithobiid centipedes but only in one case for geophilomorph centipedes. Our findings suggest that purely allometric functional response models, which are based on predator-prey body size ratios are too simple to explain predator - prey interactions in a complex system such as soil. We therefore stress that specific prey traits, such as defence mechanisms, must be considered for accurate predictions.
Molecular gut content analysis indicates the inter- and intra-guild predation patterns of spiders in conventionally managed vegetable fields
<p>Inter- and intra-guild interactions are important in the coexistence of predators and their prey, especially in highly disturbed vegetable cropping systems with sporadic food resources. Assessing the dietary range of a predator taxon characterized by diverse foraging behavior using conventional approaches, such as visual observation and conventional molecular approaches for prey detection, has serious logistical problems.<i> </i>In this study, we investigated the trophic interactions of a functionally diverge group of predators -spiders- to accomplish the ultimate goal that is the predation of spiders on major crop pests. We used high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and biotic interaction networks to precisely annotate the predation spectrum and highlight the predator–predator and predator-prey interactions in Brassica fields. The prey taxa in the gut of spiders were mainly enriched with insects (including dipterans, coleopterans, orthopterans, hemipterans and lepidopterans) and arachnids (such as Araneae) along with a wide range of other prey factions. Despite the generalist foraging behavior of spiders, the community structure analysis and interaction networks highlighted the overrepresentation of particular prey taxa in the gut of each spider family, as well as showed the intra-family predation between different spiders. Identifying the diverse trophic niche proportions underpins the importance of spiders as predators of pests in highly disturbed agroecosystems. More specifically, combining HTS with advanced ecological community analysis reveals the preferences and biological control potential of particular spider taxa, so provides a valuable evidence base for targeted conservation biological control efforts in complex trophic networks.</p>
Data from: Molecular analysis of parasitoid linkages (MAPL): gut contents of adult parasitoid wasps reveal larval host
Metamorphosing insects often have complex and poorly known life-histories. In particular, what they feed on during their larval stages remains unknown for the vast majority of species and its documentation only results from difficult and time-intensive field observations, rearing or dissections. Through the application of a DNA analysis of gut contents in adult parasitoid wasps, we were able to selectively sequence a diagnostic DNA marker that permitted the identification of the host used by these wasps during their larval stages. By reproducing these results in species with different life-histories, we excluded other potential sources of host DNA, confirming that after ingestion by the parasitoid larva the host DNA can persist through metamorphosis in the abdominal contents of the adult wasp. Our discovery considerably extends the applicability of molecular analysis of gut contents by enabling documentation of the food used by insects during their larval stages and thus increasing the accuracy and precision of food web-studies. The 24% success rate of our approach is surprisingly high considering the challenging context for host DNA preservation, and we discuss the factors possibly affecting this rate. We propose Molecular Analysis of Parasitoid Linkages (MAPL) as a new method to document host-parasitoid associations at a faster pace and with unrivalled precision. Because of the key regulatory role of parasitoid wasps in ecosystems, which makes them the most commonly used biological control agents, MAPL will have immediate applications in both basic and applied biological sciences.
Molecular gut content analysis indicates the inter- and intra-guild predation patterns of spiders in conventionally managed vegetable fields
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Data from: Testing the validity of functional response models using molecular gut content analysis for prey choice in soil predators
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Data from: Molecular analysis of parasitoid linkages (MAPL): gut contents of adult parasitoid wasps reveal larval host
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Data from: The effect of plant identity and the level of plant decay on molecular gut content analysis in a herbivorous soil insect
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Figures 28-31 from: Klimaszewski J, Morency M, Labrie P, Seguin A, Langor D, Work T, Bourdon C, Thiffault E, Pare D, Newton A (2013) Molecular and microscopic analysis of the gut contents of abundant rove beetle species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) in the boreal balsam fir forest of Quebec, Canada. ZooKeys 353: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.353.5991
Figures 28-31 - Images of hindgut content of the following rove beetle species: 28–30 Tachinus fumipennis (Say) 31 Tachinus quebecensis Robert.
Figures 12-15 from: Klimaszewski J, Morency M, Labrie P, Seguin A, Langor D, Work T, Bourdon C, Thiffault E, Pare D, Newton A (2013) Molecular and microscopic analysis of the gut contents of abundant rove beetle species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) in the boreal balsam fir forest of Quebec, Canada. ZooKeys 353: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.353.5991
Figures 12-15 - Images of hindgut content of the following rove beetle species: 12–13 Atheta capsularis Klimaszewski 14–15 Atheta klagesi Bernhauer.
Figures 8-11 from: Klimaszewski J, Morency M, Labrie P, Seguin A, Langor D, Work T, Bourdon C, Thiffault E, Pare D, Newton A (2013) Molecular and microscopic analysis of the gut contents of abundant rove beetle species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) in the boreal balsam fir forest of Quebec, Canada. ZooKeys 353: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.353.5991
Figures 8-11 - Body images of rove beetles in dorsal view: 8 Tachinus frigidus Erichson 9 Tachinus fumipennis (Say) 10 Tachinus quebecensis Robert 11 Pseudopsis subulata Herman.
Figures 2-7 from: Klimaszewski J, Morency M, Labrie P, Seguin A, Langor D, Work T, Bourdon C, Thiffault E, Pare D, Newton A (2013) Molecular and microscopic analysis of the gut contents of abundant rove beetle species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) in the boreal balsam fir forest of Quebec, Canada. ZooKeys 353: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.353.5991
Figures 2-7 - Body images of rove beetles in dorsal view: 2 Atheta capsularis Klimaszewski 3 Atheta klagesi Bernhauer 4 Oxypoda grandipennis (Casey) 5 Bryophacis smetanai Campbell 6 Ischnosoma longicorne (Mäklin) [previously cited as synonymous Ischnosoma fimbriatum Campbell] 7 Mycetoporus montanus Luze [previously cited as synonymous Mycetoporus rugosus Hatch].
Figures 20-23 from: Klimaszewski J, Morency M, Labrie P, Seguin A, Langor D, Work T, Bourdon C, Thiffault E, Pare D, Newton A (2013) Molecular and microscopic analysis of the gut contents of abundant rove beetle species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) in the boreal balsam fir forest of Quebec, Canada. ZooKeys 353: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.353.5991
Figures 20-23 - Images of hindgut content of the following rove beetle species: 20 Ischnosoma longicorne (Mäklin) 21–22 Mycetoporus montanus Luze 23 Tachinus frigidus Erichson.
Figures 32-35 from: Klimaszewski J, Morency M, Labrie P, Seguin A, Langor D, Work T, Bourdon C, Thiffault E, Pare D, Newton A (2013) Molecular and microscopic analysis of the gut contents of abundant rove beetle species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) in the boreal balsam fir forest of Quebec, Canada. ZooKeys 353: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.353.5991
Figures 32-35 - Images of hindgut content of the following rove beetle species: 32–33 Tachinus quebecensis Robert 34–35 Pseudopsis subulata Herman.
Figures 24-27 from: Klimaszewski J, Morency M, Labrie P, Seguin A, Langor D, Work T, Bourdon C, Thiffault E, Pare D, Newton A (2013) Molecular and microscopic analysis of the gut contents of abundant rove beetle species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) in the boreal balsam fir forest of Quebec, Canada. ZooKeys 353: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.353.5991
Figures 24-27 - Images of hindgut content of the following rove beetle species: 24–26 Tachinus frigidus Erichson 27 Tachinus fumipennis (Say).
Figures 16-19 from: Klimaszewski J, Morency M, Labrie P, Seguin A, Langor D, Work T, Bourdon C, Thiffault E, Pare D, Newton A (2013) Molecular and microscopic analysis of the gut contents of abundant rove beetle species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) in the boreal balsam fir forest of Quebec, Canada. ZooKeys 353: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.353.5991
Figures 16-19 - Images of hindgut content of the following rove beetle species: 16 Oxypoda grandipennis (Casey) 17–18 Bryophacis smetanai Campbell 19 Ischnosoma longicorne (Mäklin).
Data from: Multiplex PCR targeting lineage specific SNPs ‐ A highly efficient and simple approach to block out predator sequences in molecular gut content analysis
Background: Food webs form the basis of biological communities, though empirical research has been hindered by difficulties in quantifying interactions. Metabarcoding from predator gut content extractions with universal primers promises to provide simple and rapid insights into food web interactions. However, the highly overabundant predator DNA often completely outcompetes that of the digested prey DNA during PCR, impeding the ability to assess the abundance and diversity of prey items. Methods: Focusing on the issue of overabundance of predator DNA amplified by a commonly used COI primer pair, we use predator lineage-specific SNPs at the 3'-end of PCR primers to selectively block out predators from amplification. While this approach largely prevents predator amplification, it retains high taxonomic versatility for prey lineages. We introduce a novel multilocus assay, targeting four nuclear and mitochondrial rDNA markers and test our approach in a diverse set of spiders from 12 families. We estimate the recovered prey DNA proportions and compare the taxonomic composition of prey communities between markers. Using a feeding experiment, we also explore recovery of prey DNA over time. Results: While commonly used COI primers yield low and very unpredictable amounts of prey DNA, our assay allows for a considerable and consistent prey enrichment across all tested species. The recovered prey's taxonomic composition is comparable between markers and supports results acquired by COI. The new marker set can be amplified in a simple multiplex PCR, considerably reducing the necessary workload. Conclusions: Our multi-locus approach allows the generation of an unprecedented amount of prey data at low cost and effort. Lineage specific PCR is taxonomically versatile and could readily be adapted to any prey-predator interaction, opening up the opportunity for community-wide studies on food web interactions.
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