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464 results for “montane forest”
Ecology and restoration of montane meadows at Bunchgrass Ridge near the Andrews Experimental Forest, 1999-2013
In a region dominated by coniferous forests, montane meadows contribute greatly to landscape diversity, wildlife habitat, and other important ecological functions and societal values. Throughout the Pacific Northwest, suppression of fire and changes in climate and grazing pressure have led to rapid succession of meadow to forest. Faced by gradual loss of these habitats, land managers are experimenting with tree removal and prescribed fire as tools for restoration. Research at Bunchgrass Ridge explores the history of conifer encroachment, the consequences for meadow vegetation, and the potential to restore native meadows through tree removal and prescribed burning. Spatially explicit reconstructions of the invasion history provide the context for a large-scale restoration experiment testing the efficacy of tree removal, with or without prescribed fire. Measurements from the experimental plots include pre- and post-treatment data on plant species composition for subplots of known invasion history. Data from adjacent, uninvaded meadows serve as targets for assessing restoration success. Our ultimate goal is to determine whether tree removal is sufficient to reverse the effects of encroachment, whether fire is also necessary, and whether the duration or density of invasion pose barriers to meadow reassembly.
Indicative distribution map for Ecosystem Functional Group T2.1 Boreal and temperate high montane forests and woodlands
<p>This archive contains indicative distribution maps and profiles for <strong>T2.1 Boreal and temperate high montane forests and woodlands</strong>, a ecosystem functional group (EFG, level 3) of the <a href="https://global-ecosystems.org/">IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology</a> (v2.0). Please refer to Keith <em>et al.</em> (2020) for details.</p> <p>The descriptive profiles provide brief summaries of key ecological traits and processes, maps are indicative of global distribution patterns, and are not intended to represent fine-scale patterns. The maps show areas of the world containing major (value of 1, coloured red) or minor occurrences (value of 2, coloured yellow) of each ecosystem functional group. Minor occurrences are areas where an ecosystem functional group is scattered in patches within matrices of other ecosystem functional groups or where they occur in substantial areas, but only within a segment of a larger region. Given bounds of resolution and accuracy of source data, the maps should be used to query which EFG are likely to occur within areas, rather than which occur at particular point locations. Detailed methods and references for the maps are included in the profile (xml format).</p>
Frugivoria: an open trait database of birds and mammals exhibiting frugivory in moist montane Neotropical forest
Biodiversity in many areas is rapidly shifting and declining as a consequence of global change. As such, there is an urgent need for new tools and strategies to help identify, monitor, and conserve biodiversity hotspots. One way to identify these areas is by quantifying functional diversity, which measures the unique roles of species within a community and is valuable for conservation because of its relationship with ecosystem functioning. Unfortunately, the functional trait information required to evaluate functional diversity is often lacking and is difficult to harmonize across disparate data sources. Biodiversity hotspots are particularly lacking in this information. To address this knowledge gap, we compiled Frugivoria, a trait database containing dietary, life-history, and morphological traits as well as IUCN conservation status, for mammals and birds exhibiting frugivory, which are important for seed dispersal, an essential ecosystem service. Accompanying Frugivoria is an open workflow that harmonizes trait and taxonomic data from disparate sources and enables users to analyze traits in space. This version of Frugivoria encompasses species in moist montane forests of Central and South America. Compared with existing trait databases, Frugivoria adds 25 species (reclassifying 199 to align with the most recent taxonomic changes), adds new traits such as observed and inferred range size, habitat specialization, and body size, and also fills gaps in trait categories from other databases such as diet category, home range size, generation time, and longevity. Overall, Frugivoria adds 2,045 new trait values for mammals and 4,022 for birds, and includes a total of 17,454 trait entries with minimums and maximums reported for certain traits. Frugivoria and its workflow enables researchers to quantify relationships between traits and the environment, as well as spatial trends in functional diversity, contributing to basic knowledge and applied conservation of frugivores
Data from: A changing climate is snuffing out post-fire recovery in montane forests
Aim: <p>Climate warming is increasing fire activity in many of Earth's forested ecosystems. Because fire is an important catalyst for change, investigation of post-fire vegetation response is crucial for understanding the potential for future conversions from forest to non-forest vegetation types. To better understand effects of wildfire and climate warming on forest recovery, we assessed the extent to which climate and terrain influence spatiotemporal variation in past and future post-fire tree regeneration.</p> Location: <p>Montane forests, Rocky Mountains, USA</p> Time Period: <p>1981-2099</p> Taxa Studied: <p><i>Pinus ponderosa</i>; <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i></p> Methods: <p>We developed a network of dendrochronological samples (n = 717) and field plots (n = 1301) from post-fire environments spanning a range of topographic and climatic settings. We then used boosted regression trees to predict annual suitability for post-fire seedling establishment and generalized linear mixed models to predict total post-fire seedling abundances, reconstructing recent trends in post-fire recovery and projecting future dynamics using three general circulation models (GCMs) under moderate and extreme emission scenarios.</p> Results: <p>Though 1981-2015 declines in growing season (April-September) precipitation were associated with declining suitability for seedling establishment, 2021-2099 trends in precipitation were widely variable among GCMs, leading to mixed projections of future establishment suitability. In contrast, climatic water deficit (CWD), strongly tied to warming temperature and increased evaporative demand, was projected to increase throughout our study area. Our projections strongly suggest that future increases in CWD and an increased frequency of extreme drought will reduce post-fire seedling abundances.</p> Main Conclusions: <p>Our findings highlight the key roles of warming and drying in declines in forest resilience to wildfire. The striking differences in projections of post-fire recovery between moderate and extreme emissions scenarios suggest that the most extreme impacts on forest resilience in the latter part of the 21<sup>st</sup> century may be mitigated with aggressive emissions reductions in the next two decades.</p>
Fig. 1 in A new spider genus (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Erigoninae) from a tropical montane cloud forest of Mexico
Fig. 1. Xim trenzado gen. et sp. nov. A–C, G. ♁ (ECOTAAR-004950). D–F, H. ♀ (ECOTAAR-005063). A–F. Habitus. A, D. Dorsal view. B, E. Lateral view. C, F. Ventral view. G, H. Carapace in frontal view. Scale bars: A–F = 0.25 mm.
Fig. 4 in A new spider genus (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Erigoninae) from a tropical montane cloud forest of Mexico
Fig. 4. Xim trenzado gen. et sp. nov. A–B. ECOTAAR-004950. C–F, H–I. ECOTAAR-004962. G. ECOTAAR-004952. A–G. Male left femur I. D–G. Details of macrosetae. A, D. Dorsal view. B, E. Prolateral view. C, F. Ventral view. G. Apical view. H. Tarsal organ of leg I. I. Trichobothrium of retrolateral palpal tibia. Scale bars: A–C = 70 μm; D–F = 30 μm; H = 5 μm; I = 10 μm.
Fig. 2 in A new spider genus (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Erigoninae) from a tropical montane cloud forest of Mexico
Fig. 2. Xim trenzado gen. et sp. nov., male left palpus. A–C. ECOTAAR-004974. D–E, G–I. ECOTAAR-004950. F. ECOTAAR-004952. A, D. Mesal view. B, E. Ventral view. C, F. Ectal view. G. Dorsal view. H. Apical view. I. Detail of E showing radix and embolus. Scale bars: A–E = 50 μm; F = 20 μm.
Fig. 7 in A new spider genus (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Erigoninae) from a tropical montane cloud forest of Mexico
Fig. 7. Strict consensus tree of the eight most parsimonious trees, showing only the distal clades where Xim trenzado gen. et sp. nov. is situated. Tree with unambiguous character optimization; character and character-state numbers given above and below marks, respectively; color of marks denotes homoplasious (white) or non-homoplasious (black) character-state changes.
Fig. 5 in A new spider genus (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Erigoninae) from a tropical montane cloud forest of Mexico
Fig. 5. Xim trenzado gen. et sp. nov., ♀, epigynum. A–B. ECOTAAR-005063. C–F. ECOTAAR-005183. A, G. Ventral view. B. Posterior view. C–D, H. Dorsal view. D. Detail of C showing left copulatory duct and spermatheca. E. Antero-dorsal view. F. Detail of E showing left copulatory duct and spermatheca. Scale bars: A–C, E, G–H = 40 μm; D, F = 20 μm.
Fig. 6 in A new spider genus (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Erigoninae) from a tropical montane cloud forest of Mexico
Fig. 6. Strict consensus tree of the eight most parsimonious trees, showing only the distal clades where Xim trenzado gen. et sp. nov. is situated. Tree with Bremer support values noted beside nodes.
Data for: Specialist carabids in mixed montane forests are positively associated with biodiversity-oriented forestry and abundance of roe deer
<p>The ongoing transition within forest management towards more biodiversity-oriented practices, such as close-to-nature forestry and retention forestry, may benefit forest fauna such as forest-specialized ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). However, it remains unclear how forest carabids are jointly affected by these practices in Central European montane forests, which host particularly sensitive, range-restricted carabid species, and where biodiversity-oriented forestry is widely applied. Moreover, roe deer (<em>Capreolus capreolus</em>), the most common large herbivore in these forests, is intensively managed to reduce browsing pressure, but it is yet unknown how this may affect carabids, alongside the effect of silviculture. On 66 1-ha plots in the Black Forest region of Germany, we sampled carabids with pitfall traps, measured roe deer abundances using camera trapping, and measured several structural variables directly related to close-to-nature and retention practices, as well as variables describing microclimate and landscape-level forest cover. We found that the carabid assemblage was dominated by forest specialists, with little influence from fragmentation of the surrounding forest. Higher broadleaf share (and canopy cover for montane specialists) was correlated with higher carabid activity-density. Increasing stand maturity (and lying deadwood volume for montane specialists), was correlated with higher species richness. Plots with higher roe deer abundances showed higher carabid richness and activity-density. Assemblage composition changed along the altitudinal gradient, and both richness and activity-density increased with elevation. Thus, carabid communities, including montane specialists and several species of conservation interest, stand to benefit from close-to-nature and retention practices, if applied throughout the altitude range of montane forests. Forest carabids may additionally profit from maintaining higher roe deer abundances, but further research is needed to understand this causal link, as well as to weigh the costs and benefits of deer culling for forest biodiversity.</p>
Sapling regeneration within canopy gaps in a temperate montane riparian forest.
<p>This is a dataset of sapling regeneration within canopy gaps in a temperate montane riparian forest.</p> <p>The followings are details of each file.</p> <p><strong>GapSeedlings_v1.0.0.csv</strong></p> <ul> <li><code>Plot</code> Integer. The ID of plots, some plots include more than one gap.</li> <li><code>Gap</code> Factor. The ID of gaps.</li> <li><code>Quadrat</code> Integer. The ID of quadrats within a gap.</li> <li><code>stemID</code> Character. The ID of stems.</li> <li><code>Sp.</code> Factor. The species names.</li> <li><code>Family</code> Factor. The family name of the species.</li> <li><code>Substrate</code> Factor. Established substrates. NA means that it was not recorded.</li> <li><code>Heightyyyy</code> Numeric. Vertical heights of trees (cm) in yyyy. The individuals with <code>CensusIn2020</code> = 0, their <code>Height2020</code> is NA because they had not been censused in 2020.</li> <li><code>Lengthyyyy</code> Numeric. Length of trees (cm) in yyyy. The individuals with <code>CensusIn2020</code> = 0, their <code>Length2020</code> is NA because they had not been censused in 2020.</li> <li><code>DBH1_yyyy</code>, <code>DBH2_yyyy</code> Numeric. Diameter at breast height (mm) in yyyy. DBH1 and DBH2 were measured to cross at right angles. The individuals with <code>CensusIn2020</code> = 0, their <code>DBH2020_1</code> and <code>DBH2020_2</code> are NA because they had not been censused in 2020.</li> <li><code>Cmtyyyy</code> Character. Comments in yyyy.</li> <li><code>CensusIn2020</code> Factor. 1 means that the plot was censused in 2020, 0 does not.<br> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Map_Gaps.pdf</strong><br> <code>p. 1</code>: The overall picture of the positional relations between each gap.<br> <code>pp. 2-19</code>: The details of gaps.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Metadata_GapSeedlings.txt</strong><br> Metadata of "<strong>GapSeedlings_v0.1.0.csv</strong>".<br> It is the same as this description.</p>
Seedling recruitment and sapling bank dynamics on fluvial deposits in a temperate montane riparian forest.
<p>This is a dataset of Seedling recruitment and sapling bank dynamics on fluvial deposits in a temperate montane riparian forest.</p> <p>The followings are details of each file.</p> <p><strong>Saplings_inFluvialDepositsv1.0.0.csv</strong></p> <ul> <li><code>Plot_x</code> Factor. X coordinates of plots.</li> <li><code>Plot_y</code> Factor. Y coordinates of plots.</li> <li><code>x</code> Integer. X coordinates in plots.</li> <li><code>y</code> Integer. Y coordinates in plots.</li> <li><code>Substrate</code> Factor. Established substrates. NA means that it was not recorded.</li> <li><code>stemID</code> Character. The ID of individual trees.</li> <li><code>Sp.</code> Factor. The species names.</li> <li><code>Family</code> Factor. The family name of the species.</li> <li><code>Heightyyyy</code> Numeric. Vertical heights of trees (cm) in yyyy. Height2007ad is the heights after disturbance in 2007.</li> <li><code>Lengthyyyy</code> Numeric. Length of trees (cm) in yyyy. Length2007ad is the length after disturbance in 2007.</li> <li><code>DBH1_yyyy</code>, <code>DBH2_yyyy</code> Numeric. Diameter at breast height (mm) in yyyy. DBH1 and DBH2 were measured to cross at right angles.</li> <li><code>Noteyyyy</code> Character. Comments in yyyy.</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p><strong>Seedlings_inFluvialDepositsv1.0.0.csv</strong></p> <ul> <li><code>Plot</code> Factor. The plot ID.</li> <li><code>ID</code> Character. The individual ID.</li> <li><code>Sp.</code> Factor. The species names.</li> <li><code>Family</code> Factor. The family names of species.</li> <li><code>Hyyyy</code> Numeric. Vertical height of trees (cm) in yyyy.</li> <li><code>Ageyyyy</code> Numeric. The years of trees (cm) in yyyy.</li> <li><code>noteyyyy</code> Character. Comment in yyyy.</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p><strong>Map_FluvialDeposits.pdf</strong></p> <ul> <li><code>p. 1</code>: The overall picture of the positional relations between each gap.</li> <li><code>p. 2</code>: The details of seedling quadrats.</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p><strong>Metadata_Saplings_inFluvialDeposits.txt</strong><br> Metadata of "<strong>Saplings_inFluvialDepositsv1.0.0.csv</strong>".<br> It is the same as this description.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Seedlings_inFluvialDepositsv1.0.0.csv</strong><br> Metadata of "<strong>Seedlings_inFluvialDepositsv1.0.0.csv</strong>".<br> It is the same as this description.</p>
Functional assembly of tropical montane tree islands in the Atlantic Forest is shaped by stress-tolerance, bamboo-presence and facilitation
<p><strong>Aims</strong>: Amidst the Campos de Altitude (Highland Grasslands) in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, woody communities grow either clustered in tree islands or interspersed within the herbaceous matrix. The functional ecology, diversity and biotic processes shaping these plant communities are largely unstudied. We characterised the functional assembly and diversity of these tropical montane woody communities and investigated how they fit within Grime's CSR (C – competitor, S – stress-tolerant, R – ruderal) scheme, what functional trade-offs they exhibit and how traits and functional diversity vary in response to bamboo presence/absence.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: To characterize the functional composition of the community, we sampled five leaf traits and wood density along transects covering the woody communities both inside tree islands and outside (i.e. isolated woody plants in the grasslands community) . Then, we used Mann Whitney test, t-test and variation partitioning to determine the effects of inside vs outside tree island and bamboo presence on community weighted means, woody species diversity and functional diversity.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: We found a general SC/S strategy with drought-related functional trade-offs. Woody plants in tree islands had more acquisitive traits than those within the grasslands. Trait variation was mostly taxonomically than spatially driven, and species composition varied between inside and outside tree islands. Leaf thickness, wood density and foliar water uptake were unrelated to CSR-strategies, suggesting independent trait dimensions and multiple drought-coping strategies within the predominant S-strategy. Islands with bamboo presence showed lower Simpson diversity, lower functional dispersion, lower foliar water uptake and greater leaf thickness than in tree islands without bamboo.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: The observed functional assembly hints towards large-scale environmental abiotic filtering shaping stress-tolerant community strategy, and small-scale biotic interactions driving small-scale trait variation. We recommend experimental studies with fire, facilitation treatments, eco-physiological and recruitment traits to elucidate on tree island expansion and communities response to climate change.</p>
Text-fig. 1. Modern vegetation proxies as delivered by the Drudge 1 and 2 tools for Parschlug. Left column results from KovarEder et al. (2021) based on the floristic spectrum published by Kovar-Eder et al. (2004). The other three columns result from three variants using the enlarged floristic spectrum herein. Differences between variants 1–3 from this study are caused by differences in assignment of some taxa and morphotypes (see Appendix 1). European vegetation formations: Formation C – Subarctic, boreal and nemoral-montane open woodlands as well as subalpine and oro-Mediterranean vegetation; Formation D – Mesophytic and hygromesophytic coniferous and mixed broad-leaved-coniferous forests; Formation F – Mesophytic broadleaved deciduous and mixed broadleaved/conifer forests; Formation G – Thermophilous mixed deciduous broadleaved forests; Formation J – Mediterranean sclerophyllous forests and scrub; Formation K – Xerophytic coniferous forests, coniferous woodland and scrub. East Asian vegetation types: MCF China, Japan – Montane Coniferous Forests China, Honshu, Yakushima; BLDF N and NE Provinces, China – Broad-leaved Deciduous Forests of the Northern and Northeastern Provinces (China); BLDF Upper Yangtze, Honshu – Broad-leaved Deciduous Forest, Upper Yangtze Provinces, Mt. Emei, and Honshu; MMF China – Mixed Mesophytic Forest, Lower Yangtze Provinces; BLEF China, Japan – Broad-leaved Evergreen Forests, China, Japan; Meili Snow Mt. high altitude SCL and BLF, China – Meili Snow Mt., Sclerophyllous and broad-leaved forest zone (2,580-3,650 m alt.). (Designations of European vegetation formations follow Bohn et al. (2004) and Asian ones follow Kovar-Eder et al. (2021). in Floristic, Vegetation And Climate Assessment Of The Early/Middle Miocene Parschlug Flora Indicates A Distinctly Seasonal Climate
Text-fig. 1. Modern vegetation proxies as delivered by the Drudge 1 and 2 tools for Parschlug. Left column results from KovarEder et al. (2021) based on the floristic spectrum published by Kovar-Eder et al. (2004). The other three columns result from three variants using the enlarged floristic spectrum herein. Differences between variants 1–3 from this study are caused by differences in assignment of some taxa and morphotypes (see Appendix 1). European vegetation formations: Formation C – Subarctic, boreal and nemoral-montane open woodlands as well as subalpine and oro-Mediterranean vegetation; Formation D – Mesophytic and hygromesophytic coniferous and mixed broad-leaved-coniferous forests; Formation F – Mesophytic broadleaved deciduous and mixed broadleaved/conifer forests; Formation G – Thermophilous mixed deciduous broadleaved forests; Formation J – Mediterranean sclerophyllous forests and scrub; Formation K – Xerophytic coniferous forests, coniferous woodland and scrub. East Asian vegetation types: MCF China, Japan – Montane Coniferous Forests China, Honshu, Yakushima; BLDF N and NE Provinces, China – Broad-leaved Deciduous Forests of the Northern and Northeastern Provinces (China); BLDF Upper Yangtze, Honshu – Broad-leaved Deciduous Forest, Upper Yangtze Provinces, Mt. Emei, and Honshu; MMF China – Mixed Mesophytic Forest, Lower Yangtze Provinces; BLEF China, Japan – Broad-leaved Evergreen Forests, China, Japan; Meili Snow Mt. high altitude SCL and BLF, China – Meili Snow Mt., Sclerophyllous and broad-leaved forest zone (2,580-3,650 m alt.). (Designations of European vegetation formations follow Bohn et al. (2004) and Asian ones follow Kovar-Eder et al. (2021).
Figure 5 in A new species of Andean lizard Proctoporus (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from montane forest of the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu, Peru
Figure 5. Type locality of Proctoporus machupicchu: (A, C) Montane forest, (B) Urubamba River, (D) Habitat of Proctoporus machupicchu. Photo: (6 A–C) Luis Mamani; 6 D (Javier Farfan).
Figure 3 in A new species of Andean lizard Proctoporus (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from montane forest of the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu, Peru
Figure 3. Dorsal and ventral views of living specimens of Proctoporus machupicchu. A–B adult female (MHNC 13362); C–D adult female (MHNC 13513); and E–F inmature male (MHNC 13373); and G not collected of immature male showing femoral pores.
Figure 4 in A new species of Andean lizard Proctoporus (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from montane forest of the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu, Peru
Figure 4. Map showing the distribution of Proctoporus species known from southeast of Peru, based on species listed in Appendix I and in Uzzell (1970), Doan and Castoe (2003), Doan et al. (2005), Chavez et al. (2011), and Goicoechea et al. (2013). Green circle, Proctoporus machupicchu sp. nov.; blue triangle, P. bolivianus; blue square, P. carabaya; red square, P. chasqui; blue circle, P. iridescens; blue pentagon, P. kiziriani; red circle, P. lacertus; red triangle, P. unsaacae; and red pentagon P. sucullucu.
Fig. 2 in A new species of Andean lizard Proctoporus (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from montane forest of the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu, Peru
Fig. 2. (A, B, C) Head of the holotype of Proctoporus machupicchu (MHNC 13362), lateral, dorsal, and ventral view; and (D, E, F) Paratype (MHNC 13373) lateral, dorsal. and ventral view of the head. Scale bar 5 mm.
Figs 28–32 in Oribatid Mites (Acari: Oribatida) From Venezuela, Ii. New Or Rare Species From Montane Forests
Figs 28–32. Guatemalozetes atypicus sp. n. 28 = body in dorsal view, 29 = rostrum in frontal view, 30 = body in ventral view, 31 = genital region, 32 = lateral part of the podosoma in lateral view
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.