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133 results for “moose”
Moose Foraging in Temperate Forests of Central Massachusetts 2005
The "re-wilding" of ecosystems with extirpated large mammals has become a focus of recent scientific and conservation initiatives; however, it is unclear how proposed re-introductions will influence systems that are often vastly different from those that occurred before these animals were extirpated. Moose, the northeast’s largest Holocene browser, have recently expanded across southern New England’s temperate forest landscape after an absence of 200 years, realizing a natural re-wilding experiment. Moose have been well-studied throughout the boreal forest biome; however, because they are rare today in temperate forests, almost nothing is known of their ecology, behavior, or potential impacts to these ecosystems. This study investigated patterns of winter moose browse in order to: (1) gain insight into the likely influences of this herbivore on the vegetation patterns of the region; and (2) to identify the most important habitat features influencing moose winter foraging activity at a landscape and site scale. Two large forested watersheds in Central Massachusetts were sampled for moose browse, habitat features, and disturbances including forest harvesting and human activity. Chi-square and t-tests were used to identify browse species preferences of moose, and step-wise multiple regression was used to identify habitat variables that are strong predictors of browse intensity. Hardwoods and hemlock were favored over white pine, and browse intensity was significantly and positively related to forest harvesting, elevation, swamps, and distance to human settlement. The results from this study suggest that in the winter months, moose populations are concentrating in remote, elevated areas that are broken by swamps and have intensive forest harvests. In areas that support high moose densities, selective browsing, particularly in regenerating harvests, could promote less favored species like white pine at the expense of hardwoods and hemlock. The strong association between
Deer and Moose Browsing in Hemlock Removal Experiment at Harvard Forest 2008
Hemlock decline in New England is caused by direct and indirect effects of invasion of the hemlock woolly adelgid. Direct damage from the insect is causing gradual mortality of hemlock, and widespread harvesting of hemlock in advance of mortality, in contrast, causes immediate mortality and removal of biomass from the site. Although both processes affect thousands of acres of forest annually we have only a limited understanding of their effects on forest ecosystem function and productivity and the nature of the subsequent forest community. We anticipate that harvesting will yield different consequences than gradual mortality from the insect. Therefore we designed an experiment to simulate these contrasting impacts, by logging or girdling hemlock stands. Results from the experimental treatments will be compared to the changes observed in forests that are being infested by the adelgid, and can also be included in integrated analyses of a suite of large experiments that form a core component of the Harvard Forest LTER program. Deer and moose foraging can play a key role in shaping forest regeneration after disturbance in temperate forest. In 2008, we initiated a browsing survey of woody stems in the Simes hemlock removal experiment plots. There are regular moose sightings in the study area, and moose pellets are commonly found within the plots. Also, extensive browsing of tree regeneration in the logged plots was noted starting in 2007. Sampling of the 8 study plots was completed in Summer 2008. The next sampling is tentatively scheduled for Summer 2013.
Impacts of Deer and Moose on Soil Carbon, Soil Respiration, and Root Biomass at Harvard Forest since 2017
Over the past decade, several deer and moose exclosures have been built at Harvard Forest to study the effect of ungulate browsing on tree regeneration, species diversity, and composition. We built on the existing infrastructure to study the impacts of deer and moose browsing on soil carbon stocks (soil C, root biomass) in regenerating forests.
Role of Moose and Deer Browsing in Harvested Forests of Southern New England since 2008
In the past 20 years, moose have spread south from Vermont and New Hampshire and recolonized their pre-historical range limit in southern New England from which they had been extirpated almost 200 years earlier. Intensive moose browsing in the boreal forest has caused declines in forest density and shifts in species composition in some areas, generating considerable interest and concern among foresters, wildlife managers, and ecologists as to how moose along with white-tailed deer will impact forest development in this region. Harvard Forest in collaboration with researchers at the USGS Massachusetts Cooperative Research Unit has initiated a long-term study of the role of moose and deer in SNE forests using experimental exclosures. The design is a randomized block with 3 factors -- full exclosure, partial exclosure, and control plot. Full exclosures exclude both moose and deer but allow access to small mammals such as mice, squirrels, and rabbits. Partial exclosures have a 60cm opening around the bottom perimeter of the fence, which excludes moose but allows access to deer and other small and medium-sized animals. The design enables us to quantify forest composition and structure in areas (1) exposed to moose and deer browsing,(2) protected from moose and deer browsing, and (3) exposed to deer browsing but protected from moose browsing.
Role of Moose and Deer Browsing in Unharvested Forests of Southern New England since 2011
In the past 25 years, moose have spread south from Vermont and New Hampshire and recolonized their pre-historical range limit in southern New England from which they had been extirpated almost 200 years earlier. Intensive moose browsing in the boreal forest has caused declines in forest density and shifts in species composition in some areas, generating considerable interest and concern among foresters, wildlife managers, and ecologists as to how moose along with white-tailed deer will impact forest regeneration, composition, and diversity in this region. Harvard Forest in collaboration with researchers at the USGS Massachusetts Cooperative Research Unit has initiated a long-term study of the role of moose and deer in SNE forests using experimental exclosures. The design is a randomized block with 3 factors -- full exclosure, partial exclosure, and control plot. Full exclosures exclude both moose and deer but allow access to small mammals such as mice, squirrels, and rabbits. Partial exclosures have a 60cm opening around the bottom perimeter of the fence, which excludes moose but allows access to deer and other small and medium-sized animals. The design enables us to quantify forest composition and structure in areas (1) exposed to moose and deer browsing, (2) protected from moose and deer browsing, and (3) exposed to deer browsing but protected from moose browsing.
White Spruce Seedling Demography and Browsing by Snowshoe Hares Inside and Outside the Moose-spruce Exclosures located along the Tanana River
This study started in September 2002 focused on the indirect effect of moose browsing on white spruce regeneration on the Tanana River floodplain. Twelve exclosures (7m X 10m, 2m high), with adjacent control plots of the same size, were constructed using chain-link fence panels. Exclosures were located along the Tanana River between FP 1A and FP 1C and instrumented with Hobo Microstations for monitoring of soil and air temperature, relative humidity, and PAR. Browsing effects on deciduous vegetation (biomass removal and canopy height) and soil properties were analyzed in relation to the performance (germination, growth and biochemistry) of planted white spruce seeds and seedlings (n=98/exclosure). Additionally, direct browsing by snowshoe hares on spruce seedlings (growth and survival) was evaluated in relation to canopy cover and terrace age. The study is ongoing. White spruce seedling height, basal diameter, browsing history, and survival were measured inside and outside the ten remaining paired exclosure and control plots located along the Tanana River floodplain in the summer of 2014.
Data for: Temporal variations in female moose responses to roads and logging in the absence of wolves
<p>Animal movements, needed to acquire food resources, avoid predation risk, and find breeding partners, are influenced by annual and circadian cycles. Decisions related to movement reflect a quest to maximize benefits while limiting costs, especially in heterogeneous landscapes. Predation by wolves (<em>Canis lupus</em>) has been identified as the major driver of moose (<em>Alces alces</em>) habitat selection patterns, and linear features have been shown to increase wolf efficiency to travel, hunt and kill prey. However, few studies have described moose behavioral response to roads and logging in Canada in the absence of wolves. We thus characterized temporal changes (i.e., day phases and biological periods) in eastern moose (<em>Alces alces americana</em>) habitat selection and space use patterns near a road network in a wolf-free area located south of the St. Lawrence River (eastern Canada). We used telemetry data collected on 18 females between 2017 and 2019 to build resource selection functions and mixed linear regressions to explain variations in habitat selection patterns, home-range size and movement rates. Female moose selected forest stands providing forage when movement was not impeded by snow cover (i.e., spring/green-up, summer/rearing, fall/rut) and stands offering protection against incidental predation during calving. In winter, home-range size decreased with an increasing proportion of stands providing food and shelter against harsh weather, limiting the energetic costs associated with movement. Our results reaffirmed the year-round aversive effect of roads, even in the absence of wolves, but the magnitude of this avoidance differed between day phases, being lower during the "dusk-night-dawn" phase, perhaps due to a lower level of human activity on and near roads. Female moose behavior in our study area was similar to what was observed in landscapes where moose and wolves cohabit, suggesting that the risk associated with humans, perceived as another type of predator, and with incidental predators (coyote <em>Canis latrans</em>,<em> </em>black bear <em>Ursus americanus</em>), equates that of wolf predation in heavily managed landscapes.</p>
Fig. 4 in Endoparasites in a Norwegian moose (Alces alces) population - Faunal diversity, abundance and body condition
Fig. 4. Counts of abomasal nematodes in moose, hunted during the licensed hunting season, autumn 2013, in Hedmark county, Norway, in relation to slaughter weight, gender (F – females [black]; M – males [grey]) and body condition index (poor – BCI <0 [open circles]; good – BCI> 0 [filled circles]). The lines show model predictions from a quasi-Poisson generalised linear model explaining 72.4% of the deviance. The lines show the model predictions for individuals with BCI equal to 1st and 3rd quartiles.
Fig. 3. A in Endoparasites in a Norwegian moose (Alces alces) population - Faunal diversity, abundance and body condition
Fig. 3. A box–whisker plot showing the prevalence of infection with protostrongylid larvae (dorsal spine larvae) in moose hunted during the licensed hunting season, autumn 2013, in Hedmark county, Norway, in relation to age. The median (solid black line), quartiles (ends of boxes) with the whiskers indicating the variability outside the quartiles, and extreme outliers, individual points, are shown.
Fig. 1 in Endoparasites in a Norwegian moose (Alces alces) population - Faunal diversity, abundance and body condition
Fig. 1. Histogram of number of parasite groups (parasite diversity) found in individual moose (n = 30) shot during the licensed hunting season, autumn 2013, in Hedmark county, Norway.
Fig. 4 in Transuterine infection by Baylisascaris transfuga: Neurological migration and fatal debilitation in sibling moose calves (Alces alces gigas) from Alaska
Fig. 4. Parsimony analysis of the combined nuclear and mitochondrial genes yielded four equally parsimonious trees (CI 0.93). Strict consensus supported monophyly of B. transfuga and identity of the L3 recovered from moose.
Fig. 3 in Transuterine infection by Baylisascaris transfuga: Neurological migration and fatal debilitation in sibling moose calves (Alces alces gigas) from Alaska
Fig. 3. Molecular phylogenetic analyses establishing identity of Baylisascaris transfuga in moose calves. Branch support indicated by parsimony bootstrap above and Bayesian posterior probability below. Fig 3A. Parsimony analysis of the 12S rDNA sequences showing strict consensus of 2 equally parsimonious trees. Fig 3B. Parsimony analysis showing strict consensus of the cox2 sequences which yielded four equally parsimonious trees (CI 0.86). Fig 3C. Parsimony analysis of the 28S rDNA sequences yielded one most parsimonious tree of length (CI 0.97). Fig. 3D. Parsimony analysis of the ITS rDNA sequences yielded one most parsimonious tree of length (CI 0.97).
Fig. 1 in Transuterine infection by Baylisascaris transfuga: Neurological migration and fatal debilitation in sibling moose calves (Alces alces gigas) from Alaska
Fig. 1. Third stage larvae of Baylisascaris transfuga in histological sections of brain of female moose calf (USNPC 108284/Alaska Department of Fish and Game OMC ID Tag 56 Alaska V-11-201); scale = 50 μm. Fig. 1. Brain tissue with L3's in transverse sections. Note prominent lateral alae, coelomyarian polymyarian musculature and morphology consistent with Baylisascaris; maximum diameter of L3, 85 μm.
Fig. 2 in Transuterine infection by Baylisascaris transfuga: Neurological migration and fatal debilitation in sibling moose calves (Alces alces gigas) from Alaska
Fig. 2. Third stage larvae of Baylisascaris transfuga in histological sections of brain of female moose calf (USNPC 108284/Alaska Department of Fish and Game OMC ID Tag 56 Alaska V-11-201); scale = 50 μm. Fig. 2. Third stage larva in longitudinal section, view of cephalic region in brain tissue.
Fig. 4 in First report of a newly-described lungworm, Dictyocaulus cervi (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea), in moose (Alces alces) in central Europe
Fig. 4. The prevalence of larvae from the genus Dictyocaulus and larvae from the family Protostrongylidae in the faeces of moose. IQR – interquartile range.
Fig. 5 in First report of a newly-described lungworm, Dictyocaulus cervi (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea), in moose (Alces alces) in central Europe
Fig. 5. The number of larvae from the family Protostrongylidae in the faecal samples of moose with, and without, larvae from the genus Dictyocaulus. IQR – interquartile range.
Fig. 3 in First report of a newly-described lungworm, Dictyocaulus cervi (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea), in moose (Alces alces) in central Europe
Fig. 3. Lung pathology of adult Dictyocaulus negative cases. (A) Bands of fibrous tissue. Van Gieson's staining, (10× magnification). (B) Subpleural fibrosis. Van Gieson's staining, (10× magnification). (C) Alveolar damage and mononuclear cell infiltration, exudative fluid located in alveoli and inter-alveolar spaces. H-E staining, (10× magnification). (D) Mononuclear inflammatory infiltration. H-E staining, (40× magnification). (E and F) cross sections of larvae in alveoli, damaged alveoli. H-E staining, (40× magnification).
Fig. 1 in First report of a newly-described lungworm, Dictyocaulus cervi (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea), in moose (Alces alces) in central Europe
Fig. 1. Results of the multiplex PCR test detecting various Dictyocaulus species. Lane M1: O'GeneRuler 50 bp DNA Ladder (ThermoFisher Scientific); lane M2: O'GeneRuler 100 bp (ThermoFisger Scientific); lanes 1–4: D. cervi product (~800 bp); (lane 1: D. cervi from a moose from Kampinos Forest; lane 2: D. cervi from a moose from West Polesie; lane 3: D. cervi from another moose from West Polesie; lane 4: D. cervi from a red deer from north-east Poland); lane 5: D. capreolus from a roe deer from north-east Poland (~400 bp); lane 6: D. viviparus from European bison from Białowie˙za Forest (~600 bp); lane K(–): negative control.
Fig. 2 in Patterns of parasite eggs, oocysts and larvae shedding by moose in the Biebrza marshland (NE Poland)
Fig. 2. The relationship between the EPG of Trichostrongylidae family members, Moniezia spp., Parafasciolopsis fasciolaemorpha, the LPG of Elaphostrongylus sp. and mean monthly temperature (red continuous line). Blue continuous line shows the median EPG/LPG and broken lines indicate its 95% confidence interval. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 1 in Patterns of parasite eggs, oocysts and larvae shedding by moose in the Biebrza marshland (NE Poland)
Fig. 1. The relationship between the prevalence of Nematodirella alcidis and Moniezia spp. eggs and mean monthly temperature (red continuous line). Blue continuous line shows the prevalence and broken lines indicate its 95% confidence interval. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.