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5 results for “mosaic distribution pattern”
Niche suitability and spatial distribution patterns of anurans in a unique Ecoregion mosaic of Northern Pakistan
<p><span>The lack of information regarding biodiversity states hampers designing and implementation conservation strategies and future targets. </span><span>Northern Pakistan </span><span>consists</span><span> of a unique ecoregion mosaic which supports a myriad of environmental niches for anuran diversity to flourish in comparison to the deserts and xeric shrublands throughout the rest of the country. In order to study the niche suitability, overlap and distribution patterns</span><span> </span><span>in Pakistan, we collected observational data for nine amphibian species across several distinct ecoregions by surveying 87 randomly selected locations </span><span> </span><span>from 2016 to 2018 in District Rawalpindi and Islamabad Capital Territory. Our model showed that the precipitation of the warmest and coldest quarter, distance to rivers and vegetation were the greatest drivers of anuran distribution, expectedly indicating that the presence of humid forests and proximity to waterways greatly influences the habitable range of anurans in Pakistan. Sympatric overlap between species occurred at significantly higher density in tropical and subtropical coniferous forests than in other ecoregion types. We </span><span>found species </span><span>such as </span><span><em>Minervarya</em> spp.</span><span>, <em>Hoplobatrachus</em> <em>tigerinus</em> and <em>Euphlyctis</em> spp. showed preference for the lowlands in proximal, central and southern parts of the study area proximal to urban settlements, little vegetation and higher average temperatures. The toads <em>Duttaphrynus</em> </span><em><span>bengalensis</span></em><span> </span><span>and </span><em><span>D. </span><span>stomaticus</span></em><span> had </span><span> </span><span>scattered distribution</span><span>s</span><span> throughout the study area with no clear preference for elevation. <em>Sphaerotheca</em> <em>pashchima</em> </span><span>showed a patchy distribution in the midwestern extent of the study area as well as the foothills to the north. <em>Microhyla</em> <em>nilphamariensis</em> also showed a wide distribution throughout the study area with a preference for both lowlands and montane terrain. Endemic frogs (<em>Nanorana</em> <em>vicina</em> and <em>Allopaa</em> <em>hazarensis</em>) were observed only in locations with higher elevations, higher density of streams and lower average temperatures as compared to the other seven species sampled.</span></p>
Niche suitability and spatial distribution patterns of anurans in a unique Ecoregion mosaic of Northern Pakistan
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The mosaic distribution pattern of two sister bush-cricket species and the possible role of reproductive interference
<p>Reproductive interference can shape regional distribution patterns in closely related species, if prezygotic isolation barriers are weak. The study of such interaction could be more challenging in nuptial gift-giving species due to the direct nutritional effects on both sexes of both species during copulation. We mapped the distribution of two sister bush-cricket species, Pholidoptera aptera and P. transsylvanica, at the northern margin of their overlapping ranges in Europe and, with a behavioural experiment, we tested the possibility of heterospecific mating. We found a very rare coexistence of species locally (0.5%, n = 391 sites) with mostly mutually exclusive distribution patterns, resulting in a mosaic pattern of sympatry, whereas they occupied the same climate niche in forest-dominated mountain landscape. Over 14 days of a mating experiment with seven mixed groups of conspecifics and heterospecifics (n = 56 individuals in total), the number of received spermatophores per female was 3–6 in P. aptera and 1–7 in P. transsylvanica. In total, we found 8.1% of heterospecific copulations (n = 99 transferred spermatophores with genetic identification of the donor species), while we also confirmed successful the transfer of heterospecific sperms into a female's reproductive system. Because bush-cricket females also obtain required nutrition from a heterospecific spermatophylax what should increase their fitness and fecundity, we suggest that their flexibility to mate with heterospecifics is beneficial and drives reproductive interference. This may substantially limit the reproductive success of the less frequent species (P. transsylvanica), coupled with eventual detrimental effects from hybridization, and result in the competitive exclusion of that species from their areas of coexistence.</p>
The mosaic distribution pattern of two sister bush-cricket species and the possible role of reproductive interference
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
The first comprehensive revision of all the species attributed to Melomys led J. I. Menzies in 1996 to resurrect the genus Paramelomys and to redefine its morphologicallimits and species content. Menzies created P. gressitti as a new species belonging to a group displaying morphological similarities and including also P. lorentzii and P. moncktoni. Monotypic Distribution. E New Guinea. Descriptive notes. Head-body 135-162 mm, hindfoot 30-34 mm; no specific data are available for body weight. Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is a medium-sized Paramelomys with a soft, thick and woolly pelage, a long narrow foot, and a tail with three hairs per scale. It exhibits a medium-sepia dorsal pelage and a gray-buff ventral one. Tail is slightly shorter (99%) than head-body length. The skull has a narrow zygomatic plate. Habitat. Moist tropical mountain forest between 2300 m and 2400 m. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is terrestrial. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List owing to its small geographic range (less than 3500 km?*) and the destruction ofits habitat by mining and logging activities. The major threat to Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is ongoing habitat degradation caused by nearby human populations; habitat on Mount Kandy has been destroyed by gold-miners and wood-cutters. Bibliography. Menzies (1996). in Muridae
The first comprehensive revision of all the species attributed to Melomys led J. I. Menzies in 1996 to resurrect the genus Paramelomys and to redefine its morphologicallimits and species content. Menzies created P. gressitti as a new species belonging to a group displaying morphological similarities and including also P. lorentzii and P. moncktoni. Monotypic Distribution. E New Guinea. Descriptive notes. Head-body 135-162 mm, hindfoot 30-34 mm; no specific data are available for body weight. Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is a medium-sized Paramelomys with a soft, thick and woolly pelage, a long narrow foot, and a tail with three hairs per scale. It exhibits a medium-sepia dorsal pelage and a gray-buff ventral one. Tail is slightly shorter (99%) than head-body length. The skull has a narrow zygomatic plate. Habitat. Moist tropical mountain forest between 2300 m and 2400 m. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is terrestrial. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List owing to its small geographic range (less than 3500 km?*) and the destruction ofits habitat by mining and logging activities. The major threat to Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is ongoing habitat degradation caused by nearby human populations; habitat on Mount Kandy has been destroyed by gold-miners and wood-cutters. Bibliography. Menzies (1996).
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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