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60 results for “mosquitofish”
Fig. 1 in Salsuginus seculus (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae) Newly Recorded from Japan, Infecting the Introduced Mosquitofish Gambusia affinis
Fig. 1. Salsuginus seculus (Mizelle and Arcadi, 1945). NMST-Pl 6129 for A and NMST-Pl 6141 for B–G. A, whole mount (ventral view); B, dorsal hamulus; C, ventral hamulus; D, dorsal bar; E, ventral bar; F, larval hook; G, male copulatory organ; Scale bars: A, 50 µm; B–G, 10 µm. Abbreviations: ap, accessory piece; es, eye-spot; ho, head organ; in, intestinal caeca; mg, Mehlis' gland; o, oötype; od, oviduct; ov, ovary; p, penis; ph, pharynx; pr, prostatic reservoir; sv, seminal vesicle; t, testis; v, vitellaria; va, vagina; vp, vaginal pore; vd, vas deferens.
Data from: Evolved differences in thermal plasticity of mosquitofish mating behavior are unrelated to source temperature
<p>Phenotypic plasticity in response to temperature is expected to play a key role in how organisms cope with climate change. Evolved differences in plastic responses are often linked to historical differences in average temperatures, yet we know little about how behavioral plasticity is affected by prevailing thermal environments. In this study, we used a common-garden design to test whether historical differences in average temperatures caused evolutionary divergence in the plasticity of mating behavior of Western mosquitofish (<em>Gambusia affinis</em>) inhabiting geothermal springs with average source temperatures spanning from 18.8 to 33.3 C. We found population differences in the thermal plasticity of courtship displays, copulation attempts, copulations, and mating efficiency, but these differences could not be explained by average source temperatures. We also tested for differences in thermal optima and maximum performance in mating behavior among populations. We found that only the maximum number of displays differed among populations, although these differences were also unrelated to source temperature. While temperature may have predictable evolutionary consequences for some thermally sensitive traits, our findings are inconsistent with theoretical predictions of evolutionary responses to divergent average temperatures, highlighting the need for greater synergy between empirical and theoretical work to understand thermal adaptation.</p>
Figure 1 in Mosquitofish life history in a Mediterranean wetland
Figure 1. Size–frequency diagrams for both mosquitofish sexes (by month) (white, females; black, reproductive females; grey, males).
Data from: Evolved differences in thermal plasticity of mosquitofish mating behavior are unrelated to source temperature
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Predator-prey time series: Monthly densities of least Killifish and Eastern Mosquitofish over five years
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Data from: Immune challenge affects risk sensitivity and locomotion in mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki)
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Geographical and temporal variation of multiple paternity in invasive mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki, Gambusia affinis)
<p>Multiple paternity (MP) increases offspring's genetic variability, which could be linked to invasive species' evolvability in novel distribution ranges. Shifts in MP can be adaptive, with greater MP in harsher/colder environments or towards the end of the reproductive season, but climate could also affect MP indirectly via its effect on reproductive life histories. We tested these hypotheses by genotyping <i>N </i>= 2,903 offspring from <i>N </i>= 306 broods of two closely related livebearing fishes, <i>Gambusia holbrooki</i> and <i>Gambusia affinis</i>. We sampled pregnant females across latitudinal gradients in their invasive ranges in Europe and China, and found more sires per brood and a greater reproductive skew towards northern sampling sites. Moreover, examining monthly sampling from two <i>G. affinis</i> populations, we found MP rates to vary across the reproductive season in a northern Chinese, but not in a southern Chinese population. While our results confirm an increase of MP in harsher/more unpredictable environments, path analysis indicated that, in both cases, the effects of climate are likely to be indirect, mediated by altered life histories. In both species, which rank amongst the 100 most invasive species worldwide, higher MP at the northern edge of their distribution likely increases their invasive potential and favours range expansions, especially in light of the predicted temperature increases due to global climate changes.</p>
Data from: Genomic survey provides insights on the evolutionary changes during invasive European expansion of the mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki)
Biological invasions rank among the main global threats for biodiversity. The Eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) is considered one of the 100 world worst invasive species due to its high adaptation capability to new environments. Using the restriction-site-associated DNA tags (RADtags), introduced European locations were compared against native US mosquitofish populations to analyse genomic changes that occurred during invasive process of European locations. After filtering, 7724 RADtags containing only one SNP were retained for population studies. Comparative genomics indicated that 186 of these RADtags matched sequences in the transcriptome of Xyphophorus maculatus, the most closely related genome available. Genomic analyses showed that invasive populations show high reductions in diversity. Further, analyses of population structuring based on these data are concordant with previous analyses based on microsatellites. It is concluded that during the invasion process genetic drift was the main evolutionary force affecting patterns of diversity and population structure. While recognizing that positive selection could be masked by the strong drift during founder events, adaptive processes were evidenced in a reduced number of RADtags (<2%), with only one of these in a putative coding region. Surprisingly, balancing selection was detected in several coding RADtags, suggesting that the preservation of polymorphism in specific genes could be more important than the average population diversity for the population maintenance at any location, particularly for the survival of introduced populations.
Data from: Population genetics and independently replicated evolution of predator-associated burst speed ecophenotypy in mosquitofish
<p>Many species show replicated ecophenotypy due to recurring patterns of natural selection. Based on the presence or absence of pursuit predators, at least 17 species of fish repeatedly differentiated in body shape in a manner that increases burst swimming speed and the likelihood of predator escape. The predator-associated burst speed (<b>PABS</b>) ecophenotype is characterized by a small head and trunk and enlarged caudal region. Mechanisms promoting replicated phenotype-environment association include selection (without evolution), a single instance of adaptive evolution followed by biased habitat occupation, repeated instances of local adaptation, or adaptive phenotypic plasticity. Common garden rearing of mosquitofish, <i>Gambusia affinis</i>, demonstrated a likely heritable basis for PABS phenotypy, but it is unknown whether populations are otherwise genetically distinct or whether replicated ecophenotypy represents a single or replicated instances of adaptation. To genetically characterize the populations and test hypotheses of single or multiple adaptations, we characterized variation in 12 polymorphic DNA microsatellites in the previously studied <i>G. affinis</i> populations. Populations were genetically distinct by multilocus analysis, exhibited high allelic diversity, and were heterozygote deficient, which effects were attributed to <i>G. affinis</i>'s shoaling nature and habitat patchiness. Genetic and phenotypic distances among populations were correlated for non-PABS but not PABS morphology. Multilocus analysis demonstrated ecophenotype polyphyly and scattered multivariate genetic structure which support only the replicated-adaptation model. As all of the diverse tests performed demonstrated lack of congruence between patterns of molecular genetic and PABS differentiation, it is likely that divergent natural selection drove multiple instances of adaptive evolution.Many species show replicated ecophenotypy due to recurring patterns of natural selection. Based on the presence or absence of pursuit predators, at least 17 species of fish repeatedly differentiated in body shape in a manner that increases burst swimming speed and the likelihood of predator escape. The predator-associated burst speed (<b>PABS</b>) ecophenotype is characterized by a small head and trunk and enlarged caudal region. Mechanisms promoting replicated phenotype-environment association include selection (without evolution), a single instance of adaptive evolution followed by biased habitat occupation, repeated instances of local adaptation, or adaptive phenotypic plasticity. Common garden rearing of mosquitofish, <i>Gambusia affinis</i>, demonstrated a likely heritable basis for PABS phenotypy, but it is unknown whether populations are otherwise genetically distinct or whether replicated ecophenotypy represents a single or replicated instances of adaptation. To genetically characterize the populations and test hypotheses of single or multiple adaptations, we characterized variation in 12 polymorphic DNA microsatellites in the previously studied <i>G. affinis</i> populations. Populations were genetically distinct by multilocus analysis, exhibited high allelic diversity, and were heterozygote deficient, which effects were attributed to <i>G. affinis</i>'s shoaling nature and habitat patchiness. Genetic and phenotypic distances among populations were correlated for non-PABS but not PABS morphology. Multilocus analysis demonstrated ecophenotype polyphyly and scattered multivariate genetic structure which support only the replicated-adaptation model. As all of the diverse tests performed demonstrated lack of congruence between patterns of molecular genetic and PABS differentiation, it is likely that divergent natural selection drove multiple instances of adaptive evolution.</p>
Habitat structural complexity predicts cognitive performance and behavior in western mosquitofish
<p>Urbanization and stream order alter freshwater habitat complexity (defined as the degree of variation in physical habitat structure). More complex habitats have more variation in habitat structure. Habitat complexity affects species composition and shapes animal ecology, behavior, and cognition. We used a delayed detour test to measure whether motor self-regulation and behavior of Western mosquitofish, <em>Gambusia affinis, </em>varied with habitat structural complexity that was quantified for nine populations. We predicted that motor self-regulation, motivation, and risk-taking behavior would increase with increasing habitat complexity, yet we found the opposite relationship. Lower complexity habitats offer less refuge which could increase predation pressure and select for greater risk-taking by fish with greater motor self-regulation. Our findings provide insight into how habitat complexity is related to cognitive processes and behavioral outcomes, and provide an explanation for why some species have a higher tolerance for urbanized environments.</p>
Figure 5 in Mosquitofish life history in a Mediterranean wetland
Figure 5. Frequency of reproductive females (Fr) per 1 mm SL interval.
Figure 4 in Mosquitofish life history in a Mediterranean wetland
Figure 4. Growth lines of females and males obtained using the ELEFAN I method.
Figure 6 in Mosquitofish life history in a Mediterranean wetland
Figure 6. Correlation between embryo number per observed stage (N) and female size (mean ¡SD).
Figure 2 in Mosquitofish life history in a Mediterranean wetland
Figure 2. Fulton index trend during the study period (by sex).
Data from: Field-realistic antidepressant exposure disrupts group foraging dynamics in mosquitofish
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Habitat structural complexity predicts cognitive performance and behavior in western mosquitofish
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Data from: Pervasive indirect genetic effects on behavioral development in polymorphic eastern mosquitofish
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Data from: Population genetics and independently replicated evolution of predator-associated burst speed ecophenotypy in mosquitofish
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Assessing movement patterns of the highly invasive Western Mosquitofish (<em>Gambusia affinis</em>)
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Data from: Genomic survey provides insights on the evolutionary changes during invasive European expansion of the mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki)
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.