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452 results for “motor neurons”
PhasAGE Expert Seminar- Dissecting the contribution of motor-cargo adaptors to microtubule-based transport in neurons
<p>The PhasAGE Expert Seminars consist of a series of talks with speakers from PhasAGE partner’s institutions to promote a successful transfer of knowledge about PhasAGE topics – biomolecular phase separation, aging and age-related diseases.</p>
Dynamic structure of motor cortical neuron co-activity carries behaviorally relevant information
<p>(This is the dataset used in <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.05.18.492501" rel="noopener" title="Dynamic Structure Of Motor Cortical Neuron Co-Activity Carries Behaviorally Relevant Information">Dynamic Structure Of Motor Cortical Neuron Co-Activity Carries Behaviorally Relevant Information</a>, Abstract below)</p> <p><span>Skillful, voluntary movements are underpinned by computations performed by networks of interconnected neurons in the primary motor cortex (M1). Computations are reflected by patterns of co-activity between neurons. Using pairwise spike time statistics, co-activity can be summarized as a functional network (FN). Here, we show that the structure of FNs constructed from an instructed-delay reach task in non-human primates are behaviorally specific: low dimensional embedding and graph alignment scores show that FNs constructed from closer target reach directions are also closer in network space. Using short intervals across a trial we constructed temporal FNs and found that temporal FNs traverse a low-dimensional subspace in a reach-specific trajectory. Alignment scores show that FNs become separable and correspondingly decodable shortly after the instruction cue. Finally, we observe that reciprocal connections in FNs transiently decrease following the instruction cue consistent with the hypothesis that information external to the recorded population temporarily alters the structure of the network at this moment.</span></p>
A single neuron in C. elegans orchestrates multiple motor outputs through parallel modes of transmission
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Animals generate a wide range of highly coordinated motor outputs, which allows them to execute purposeful behaviors. Individual neurons in the circuits that generate behaviors have a remarkable capacity for flexibility, as they exhibit multiple axonal projections, transmitter systems, and modes of neural activity. How these multi-functional properties of neurons enable the generation of adaptive behaviors remains unknown. Here we show that the HSN neuron in <em>C. elegans</em> evokes multiple motor programs over different timescales to enable a suite of behavioral changes during egg-laying. Using HSN activity perturbations and in vivo calcium imaging, we show that HSN acutely increases egg-laying and locomotion while also biasing the animals towards low-speed dwelling behavior over minutes. The acute effects of HSN on egg-laying and high-speed locomotion are mediated by separate sets of HSN transmitters and different HSN axonal projections. The long-lasting effects on dwelling are mediated by HSN release of serotonin that is taken up and re-released by NSM, another serotonergic neuron class that directly evokes dwelling. Our results show how the multi-functional properties of a single neuron allow it to induce a coordinated suite of behaviors and also reveal that neurons can borrow serotonin from one another to control behavior.</span></p>
A single neuron in C. elegans orchestrates multiple motor outputs through parallel modes of transmission
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Data for: A size principle for recruitment of Drosophila leg motor neurons
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Dynamic structure of motor cortical neuron co-activity carries behaviorally relevant information
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Source data for Chen et al (2024) entitled "Motor Cortical Neuronal Hyperexcitability Associated with α-Synuclein Aggregation"
<div> </div> <div>--------------------</div> <div>GENERAL INFORMATION </div> <div>--------------------</div> <div>This readme file was generated on [2024-01-15] by [Liqiang Chen].</div> <div> </div> <div>Title of Dataset:</div> <div>Description of Dataset: </div> <div>Principal Investigator: Hong-Yuan Chu, hc948@georgetown.edu, ORCID: 0000-0003-0923-683X. </div> <div>Date of Data Collection: 2023-04-01 to 2024-11-10 </div> <div>Software Dependencies: Excel and Image J.</div> <div> </div> <div>-------------</div> <div>FILE OVERVIEW </div> <div>-------------</div> <div>Directory of Files: Source data, Electrophysiology trace data, and Microscopy images.</div> <div>Relationship Between Files: Source data is used to make figures in GraphPad. Electrophysiology trace data is used to plot electrophysiology traces. Microscopy images are used for representative images. </div> <div>File Formats: Microsoft Excel Worksheet (.xlsx) and confocal images (.nd2)</div> <div>File Naming Convention: Based on file formats.</div> <div> </div> <div>----------------------------------------</div> <div>DATA SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR [Source data]</div> <div>Date of Creation: 2024-08-13</div> <div>Description of Data: Source data is used to make figures in GraphPad.</div> <div>A. Missing data are represented n/a.</div> <div>B. Abbreviations (Primary cortex: M1; Secondary cortex: M2; α-Synulein: αSyn; intratelencephalic neurons: ITNs; corticospinal neurons: CSNs).</div> <div>C. Figure 5B data (ITN-Sholl analysis-Intersections-5 µm Radius) can not organized as tidy format because of too many data points in each group. </div> <div> </div> <div>DATA SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR [Electrophysiology trace data]</div> <div>Date of Creation: 2024-08-13</div> <div>Description of Data: Electrophysiology trace data is used to plot electrophysiology traces.</div> <div>A. Electrophysiology traces can be plotted using Excel.</div> <div>B. Traces are plotted in Electrophysiology trace data file.</div> <div> </div> <div>DATA SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR [Microscopy images]</div> <div>Date of Creation: 2024-08-13</div> <div>Description of Data: Microscopy images are used to make representative images. </div> <div>A. Microscopy images can be opened using Image J. </div> <div>B. Microscopy images are named based on experimental group, animal ID, and figure number in the manuscript. </div> <div> </div> <div> </div> <div>-----------</div> <div>METHODOLOGY</div> <div>-----------</div> <div>Description of methods used for data collection: Electrophysiology data is collected using MultiClamp 700B amplifier and Digidata 1550B. pClamp 11 software is used. Microscopy images are collected using an confocal microscope. </div> <div> </div> <div>Description of methods used for data processing: </div> <div>A. Electrophysiology data is processed using clampfit software, including measure the peak of EPSC, count the number of action potentials, measure the width/rise time/decay time of action potential.</div> <div>B. Microscopy images are processed using Image J software, including measure the α-Synulein pathologic area in motor cortex, quantify the TH staining, and verify the co-localization of pS129 and biocytin. </div> <div>C. All data after processed through clampfit and Image J is put into GraphPad to make figures.</div> <div> </div> <div>-----------------------</div> <div>DATA ACCESS AND SHARING</div> <div>-----------------------</div> <div>This research was funded in part by </div> <div>1. Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP-020572) through the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research (MJFF).</div> <div>2. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS121374).</div> <div>3. Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs (W81XWH-21-1-0943).</div> <p> </p>
Data for: Multimodal convergence in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus: motor, sensory, and theta-frequency inputs influence the activity of single neurons
<p>The pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus of the brainstem (PPTg) has extensive interconnections and neuronal-behavioural correlates. It is implicated in movement control and sensorimotor integration. We investigated whether single neuron activity in freely moving rats is correlated with components of skilled forelimb movement and whether individual neurons respond to both motor and sensory events. We found that individual PPTg neurons showed changes in firing rate at different times during the reach. This type of temporally specific modulation is like activity seen elsewhere in voluntary movement control circuits, such as the motor cortex, and suggests that PPTg neural activity is related to different specific events occurring during the reach. In particular, many neuronal modulations were time-locked to the end of the extension phase of the reach, when fine distal movements related to food grasping occur, indicating strong engagement of PPTg in this phase of skilled individual forelimb movements. In addition, some neurons showed brief periods of apparent oscillatory firing in the theta range at specific phases of the reach-to-grasp movement. When movement-related neurons were tested with tone stimuli, many also responded to this auditory input, allowing for sensorimotor integration at the cellular level. Together, these data extend the concept of the PPTg as an integrative structure in the generation of complex movements, by showing that this function extends to the highly coordinated control of the forelimb during skilled reach to grasp movement and that sensory and motor-related information converges on a single neuron, allowing for direct integration at the cellular level.</p>
Data from: Structural and functional brain connectome in motor neuron diseases: a multicenter MRI study
Objective. To investigate structural and functional neural organization in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) and progressive muscular atrophy (PMA) patients. Methods. 173 ALS, 38 PLS, 28 PMA sporadic patients and 79 healthy controls were recruited from three Italian centers. Subjects underwent clinical, neuropsychological and brain MRI evaluations. Using graph analysis and connectomics, global and lobar topological network properties and regional structural and functional brain connectivity were assessed. The association between structural and functional network organization and clinical/cognitive data was investigated. Results. Compared to healthy controls, ALS and PLS patients showed altered structural global network properties, as well as local topological alterations and decreased structural connectivity in sensorimotor, basal ganglia, frontal and parietal areas. PMA patients showed preserved global structure. Patient groups did not show significant alterations of functional network topological properties relative to controls. Increased local functional connectivity was observed in ALS patients in the precentral, middle and superior frontal areas, and in PLS patients in the sensorimotor, basal ganglia and temporal networks. In both ALS and PLS patients, structural connectivity alterations correlated with motor impairment, while functional connectivity disruption was closely related to executive dysfunctions and behavioral disturbances. Conclusions. This multicenter study showed widespread motor/extra-motor network degeneration in ALS and PLS, suggesting that graph analysis and connectomics might represent a powerful approach to detect upper motor neuron degeneration, extra-motor brain changes and network reorganization associated with the disease. Network-based advanced MRI provides an objective in vivo assessment of motor neuron diseases, delivering potential prognostic markers.
Labeled motor neurons following single and double nerve reinnervation of the long head of the biceps
<p>We developed a novel rat model to investigate the neurophysiological effects of peripheral double nerve transfers to a single target muscle. In 62 male Sprague-Dawley rats the ulnar nerve of the antebrachium alone (n=30) or together with the anterior interosseus nerve (n=32) was transferred to reinnervate the long head of the biceps brachii. To further assess reinnervation, retrograde labeling was performed. Twelve weeks following surgery retrograde tracer dyes were injected in the long head of the biceps muscle to stain the reinnervating motoneurons. In 7 control animals, the number of innervating motorneurons was assessed by injecting retrograde tracer in the untreated long head of the biceps.</p> <p>The aim of this dataset was to compare the effects of single nerve transfer and double nerve transfer on motor neuron count.</p>
Motor cortex analogue neurons in songbirds utilize Kv3 subunits to generate ultranarrow spikes
<p>Complex motor skills in vertebrates require specialized upper motor neurons with precise action potential (AP) firing. To examine how diverse populations of upper motor neurons subserve distinct functions and the specific repertoire of ion channels involved, we conducted a thorough study of the excitability of upper motor neurons controlling somatic motor function in the zebra finch. We found that robustus arcopallialis projection neurons (RAPNs), key command neurons for song production, exhibit ultranarrow spikes and higher firing rates compared to neurons controlling non-vocal somatic motor functions (AId neurons). Pharmacological and molecular data indicate that this striking difference is associated with the higher expression in RAPNs of high threshold, fast-activating voltage-gated Kv3 channels likely containing Kv3.1 subunits. The spike waveform and Kv3.1 expression in RAPNs mirror properties of Betz cells, specialized upper motor neurons involved in fine digit control in humans and other primates but absent in rodents. Our study thus provides evidence that songbirds and primates have convergently evolved the use of Kv3.1 to ensure precise, rapid AP firing in upper motor neurons controlling fast and complex motor skills.</p>
Polysomnographic Titration of Non-invasive Ventilation in Motor Neurone Disease
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05136222. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Safety and Early Efficacy of iPSC-Derived Motor Neuron Progenitor Cells (XS228) in Subacute Spinal Cord Injury: A Phase I Trial
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06976229. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Investigating the Impact of Electrical Stimulation on Facial Pain, Jaw Movement and Oral Health in People With Motor Neuron Disease.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07187388. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Data for: Multimodal convergence in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus: motor, sensory, and theta-frequency inputs influence the activity of single neurons
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Motor cortex analogue neurons in songbirds utilize Kv3 subunits to generate ultranarrow spikes
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Labeled motor neurons following single and double nerve reinnervation of the long head of the biceps
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Confocal image stacks of GFP expression in Drosophila forelegs driven by Gal4 driver expression in foreleg motor neurons
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Data from: Structural and functional brain connectome in motor neuron diseases: a multicenter MRI study
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Data from: An Elongator mouse model of ALS spotlights TDP-43 in the motor neuron nucleolus
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.