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14 results for “mountain barriers”
Data from: Testing the efficiency of nested barriers to dispersal in the Mediterranean high mountain plant Edraianthus graminifolius (Campanulaceae)
Due to strong spatial heterogeneity and limited Pleistocene glaciation, the Balkan Peninsula is a major European biodiversity hotspot. Surprisingly little, however, is known about patterns and processes of intraspecific diversification of its biota in general and of high altitude species in particular. A well-suited system to test hypotheses with respect to various isolating factors acting at different geographic scales and to explore full-range phylogeographic patterns on the Balkan Peninsula is Edraianthus graminifolius (Campanulaceae), distributed in the western Balkan mountain systems, the southwestern Carpathians and the Apennine Peninsula. To this end, we used a dense population sampling and employed Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) markers and plastid DNA sequences supplemented by ecological niche modelling. The strongest splits were inferred to separate southern and northern Balkan populations from the central ones, from where range extension occurred to the Carpathians and, in more recent times, once or twice to the Apennine Peninsula. The three genetic groups in the western Balkan Peninsula were remarkably congruent among molecular markers suggesting that the barriers to gene flow acted over long time periods facilitating allopatric differentiation. Each main group of Balkan populations contained genetically and geographically distinct subgroups, which likely are the result of local refugia during warmer periods. Evidently, the topographically highly complex and during the last glacial maximum only locally glaciated Balkan Peninsula is a hotspot of species richness and endemism as well as a sanctuary of intraspecific genetic diversity, even if the underlying causes remain insufficiently understood.
FIGURE 5 in The Barrier skink Oligosoma judgei n. sp. (Reptilia: Scincidae) from the Darran and Takitimu Mountains, South Island, New Zealand
FIGURE 5. Dorsal and ventral views of (top to bottom) Barrier skink, Sinbad skink, Barrier skink, Sinbad skink. Photographs: Trent Bell
FIGURE 1 in The Barrier skink Oligosoma judgei n. sp. (Reptilia: Scincidae) from the Darran and Takitimu Mountains, South Island, New Zealand
FIGURE 1. Topographical map for the Darran Mountains and Llawrenny Peaks, showing locations of lizards discovered.
FIGURE 6 in The Barrier skink Oligosoma judgei n. sp. (Reptilia: Scincidae) from the Darran and Takitimu Mountains, South Island, New Zealand
FIGURE 6. Barrier skink, live specimen displaying full body detail in natural surroundings, Barrier Knob, February 2007. Photograph: Trent Bell
FIGURE 7–12 in The Barrier skink Oligosoma judgei n. sp. (Reptilia: Scincidae) from the Darran and Takitimu Mountains, South Island, New Zealand
FIGURE 7–12. Head and chin drawings of O. judgei (Figs. 7, 9, 11) and O. pikitanga (Figs. 8, 10, 12).
FIGURE 13 in The Barrier skink Oligosoma judgei n. sp. (Reptilia: Scincidae) from the Darran and Takitimu Mountains, South Island, New Zealand
FIGURE 13. Diagram of a Neighbour-Joining tree with 1000 bootstraps for O. judgei, its closest relatives, and some outgroups (D. Chapple, pers. comm. 2008).
FIGURES 2, 3 in The Barrier skink Oligosoma judgei n. sp. (Reptilia: Scincidae) from the Darran and Takitimu Mountains, South Island, New Zealand
FIGURES 2, 3. Barrier Knob, Darran Mountains. Nine Barrier skinks (Oligosoma judgei) were found on rocky ledges of the peak at 1600 + 50 m a.s.l. in 2007–2008. Photographs: Trent Bell
Figure 2 in The Zagros Mountains acting as a natural barrier to gene flow in the Middle East: more evidence from the evolutionary history of spiny-tailed lizards (Uromasticinae: Saara)
Figure 2. The phylogenetic tree of the Uromasticinae subfamily, including the genera Saara and Uromastyx, based two mtDNA (Cytb and 16S) and one nDNA (ACM4) genes. The trees showed the same topologies for both ML and BI trees, and therefore, only the BI tree is presented. The ML bootstrap values and BI posterior probabilities are next to the nodes, respectively.
Figure 5 in The Zagros Mountains acting as a natural barrier to gene flow in the Middle East: more evidence from the evolutionary history of spiny-tailed lizards (Uromasticinae: Saara)
Figure 5. The biogeographic analysis of Saara with S-DIVA (A) and BBM (B) based on Cytb. For these analyses, three regions were considered: (A: blue nodes) the Mesopotamian plain [or western part of Zagros Mountains (WZM); distribution of S. loricata], (B: green nodes) the central Iranian Plateau [or eastern part of Zagros Mountains (EZM); distribution of S. asmussi] and (C: pink nodes) India/Pakistan (IP); distribution of S. hardwickii. The dark blue and dark green circles around nodes show dispersal and vicariance events, respectively.
Figure 1 in The Zagros Mountains acting as a natural barrier to gene flow in the Middle East: more evidence from the evolutionary history of spiny-tailed lizards (Uromasticinae: Saara)
Figure 1. Geographical distribution range of the genus Saara. The grey circles represent distribution points (the points were obtained from valid references e.g. GBIF, reptile database, etc.) and black circles refer to locations of samples that were used in the genetic analyses. Distribution ranges of S. loricata, S. asmussi and S. hardwickii are illustrated with blue, green and pink cross-hatches, respectively.
Figure 3 in The Zagros Mountains acting as a natural barrier to gene flow in the Middle East: more evidence from the evolutionary history of spiny-tailed lizards (Uromasticinae: Saara)
Figure 3. Parsimony haplotype networks of Saara loricata and S. asmussi based on two mtDNA (Cytb and 16S) genes. The haplogroups (A) and (B) refer to S. loricata with Cytb and 16S, respectively. The haplogroups (C) and (D) refer to S. asmussi with Cytb and 16S, respectively.
Data from: Testing the efficiency of nested barriers to dispersal in the Mediterranean high mountain plant Edraianthus graminifolius (Campanulaceae)
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FIGURE 4 in The Barrier skink Oligosoma judgei n. sp. (Reptilia: Scincidae) from the Darran and Takitimu Mountains, South Island, New Zealand
FIGURE 4. Barrier skink (Oligosoma judgei) holotype (RE6878). Photograph: Trent Bell
Figure 4 in The Zagros Mountains acting as a natural barrier to gene flow in the Middle East: more evidence from the evolutionary history of spiny-tailed lizards (Uromasticinae: Saara)
Figure 4. Chronogram of diversification events based on two mtDNA (Cytb and 16S) and one nDNA (ACM4) genes for Uromasticinae, including the genera Saara and Uromastyx. Blue bars show 95% highest posterior density (HPD) intervals of the estimated node ages; values indicated on branches are mean node ages (Mya).
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