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44 results for “mountain grasslands”
Data from: Strong links between plant traits and microbial activities but different abiotic drivers in mountain grasslands
<p>This dataset contains data and code that support the results in Weil, S.-S., Martinez-Almoyna, C., Piton, G., Renaud, J., Boulangeat, L., Foulquier, A., ... & Thuiller, W. (2021) Strong links between plant traits and microbial activities but different abiotic drivers in mountain grasslands (accepted in Journal of Biogeography).</p> <p>We used an extensive plant-soil dataset that covers 14 elevational gradients (between 1500 and 2800 m of elevation) distributed over the whole French Alps to analyse the spatial co-dependencies between the plant and soil compartments. We ran a Graphical Lasso that extracts the direct and indirect linkages between plant functional composition, soil microbial activities, and environmental conditions (local climate and soil properties).</p> <p>Our main results are 1) that plant traits are tightly associated with microbial activities, the former being driven by climate and the latter by soil properties; 2) that the dominance of specific plant traits was more important than their diversity to determine plant-soil linkages; and 3) that soil microbes invested strongly in nutrient acquisition in sites with conservative plant traits and reduced organic matter quality.</p>
Figure 4 in The effect of grassland management on diversity of spider assemblages in the Mátra mountain
Figure 4. Ordination diagram of a distribution of guilds (hunting strategy) in the habitats. Guild types: +-Shaft diggers, O-Orb weavers, □-Space web spiders, ●-Diurnal runnings, *-Nocturnal runnings, ■-Crab spiders,▲- Jumping spiders.
Figure 2 in The effect of grassland management on diversity of spider assemblages in the Mátra mountain
Figure 2. Correlation of (A) number of individuals and (B) species richness between control and mowed habitats
Figure 5 in The effect of grassland management on diversity of spider assemblages in the Mátra mountain
Figure 5. (A) Cluster analysis and (B) Non-metric MDS by Bray-Curtis similarity of spider assemblages between the different habitat types
Figure 3 in The effect of grassland management on diversity of spider assemblages in the Mátra mountain
Figure 3. The values of Shannon-Wiener diversity (H) and Simpson's index (1-D) in the different habitat types.
Fig. 2 in Solanum lycocarpum Saint Hilaire (Solanaceae) is host plant of Leucanella memusae (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae: Hemileucinae) in Brazilian mountain grasslands
Fig. 2. Adults (lef: female above, male below), cocoon (center, above), egg cluster (center, below), pupa (right, above), and Belvosia sp. (Diptera: Tachinidae) parasitoid of Leucanella memusae (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae: Hemileucinae). Diamantina, Minas Gerais State, Brazil.
Fig. 1 in Solanum lycocarpum Saint Hilaire (Solanaceae) is host plant of Leucanella memusae (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae: Hemileucinae) in Brazilian mountain grasslands
Fig. 1. Leucanella memusae (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae: Hemileucinae) larvae of different ages on leaves of Solanum lycocarpum Saint Hilaire (Solanaceae). Diamantina, Minas Gerais State, Brazil.
Measuring them all: individual-based functional spatial patterns in mountain grasslands
<p>Raw data, additional material and instructions for reproducibility for the article De Benedictis, L.L.M., Chelli, S., Canullo, R., Campetella, G., 2025. Measuring Them all: Individual-Based Functional Spatial Patterns in Mountain Grasslands. Journal of Vegetation Science 36, e70029. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.70029">https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.70029</a>. <br>Scripts are found in the linked repository.</p>
Data from: Recurrent drought amplifies drought impacts and increases seasonal synchrony in mountain grassland communities
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Strong links between plant traits and microbial activities but different abiotic drivers in mountain grasslands
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Lags in phenological acclimation of mountain grasslands after recent warming
<p>1. In the current biodiversity crisis, one of the crucial questions is how quickly plant communities can acclimate to climate warming and longer growing seasons to buffer the impairment of community functioning. Answering this question is pivotal especially for mountain grasslands that experience harsh conditions but provide important ecosystem services to people.</p> <p>2. We conducted a reciprocal transplant experiment along an elevation gradient (1920 m vs. 2450 m) in the French Alps to test the ability of plant species and communities to acclimate to warming and cooling. For three years, we measured weekly the timing of phenological events (e.g. start of flowering or greening) and the length of phenological stages linked to demographic performance (e.g. lengths of flowering or greening periods).</p> <p>3. We found that warming (and cooling) changed the timing of phenological events strongly enough to result in complete acclimation for graminoids, for communities in early and mid-season, but not at all for forbs. For example, warming resulted in later greening of communities and delayed all phenophases of graminoids. Lengths of phenological stages did not respond strongly enough to climate change to acclimate completely, except for graminoids. For example, warming led to an acclimation lag in the community's yearly productivity and had a strong negative impact on flowering of forbs. Overall, when there was an acclimation failure, responses to cooling were mostly symmetric and confirmed slow acclimation in mountain grasslands.</p> <p>4. Synthesis. Our study highlights that phenological plasticity cannot prevent impairment of community functioning under climate warming in the short-term. The failures to acclimate after three years of warming signals that species and communities underperform and are probably at high risk of being replaced by locally better-adapted plants.</p>
Data from: Past tree influence and prescribed fire exert strong controls on reassembly of mountain grasslands after tree removal
Woody-plant encroachment represents a global threat to grasslands. Although the causes and consequences of this regime shift have received substantial attention, the processes that constrain reassembly of the grassland state remain poorly understood. We experimentally tested two potentially important controls on reassembly—the past influence of trees and the effects of fire—in conifer-invaded grasslands (mountain meadows) of western Oregon. Previously, we had reconstructed the history of tree invasion at fine spatial and temporal resolution. Using small subplots (10 × 10 m) nested within larger (1-ha) experimental plots, we characterized the fine-scale mosaic of encroachment states, ranging from remnant meadow openings (minimally altered by trees) to century-old forests (lacking meadow species). Subsequently, we removed trees from six plots, of which three were broadcast burned and three remained unburned (except for localized burn piles). Within each plot, subplots were sampled before and periodically after tree removal to quantify the individual and interactive effects of past tree influence and fire on grassland community reassembly. Adjacent, uninvaded meadows served as references sites. 'Past tree influence' was defined as the multivariate (structural or compositional) distance of subplots to reference meadows prior to tree removal. 'Reassembly' was defined as the distance, or change in distance, to reference meadows at final sampling. Consistent with theory, we observed greater reassembly of plant community structure than of composition, as loss of meadow specialists was offset by establishment of disturbance-adapted meadow generalists of similar growth form. Nevertheless, 8 years after tree removal, most subplots remained structurally and compositionally distinct from reference meadows. Furthermore, fire had both destabilizing and inhibitory effects: it reduced survival of meadow specialists across the range of encroachment states and, where past tree influence was greater, it stalled reassembly by promoting expansion of a highly competitive native meadow sedge. The slow pace of reassembly, despite abundant open space, suggests strong seed limitation—a condition exacerbated by burning. We present a novel test of the importance of past tree influence and fire for restoration of tree-invaded grasslands, offering insights into how constraints on community reassembly vary along a continuum of tree-altered states.
Data - Scavenging in two mountain ecosystems: distinctive contribution of ants in grassland and non-ant invertebrates in forest
<p>Data set and analyse used in the manuscript title "Scavenging in two mountain ecosystems: distinctive contribution of ants in grassland and non-ant invertebrates in forest". In this study we <span>quantify the relative contribution of ants, non-ant invertebrates and vertebrates in scavenging nitrogen-rich (insect carcasses) and carbon-rich (seeds) baits in two contrasting mountainous habitats in Brazil (grasslands and forests). Testing the folowing predictions </span><span> (1) baits are more likely to be removed from the forest floor than grassland due to higher plant biomass in forest than in savannas <span>(Miranda et al. 2014)</span>, which could indicate a higher animal biomass in the forest. However, (2) ants would have higher relative importance in scavenging in open habitats (grasslands) than in closed (forests) because in open habitats, ants have higher activity <span>(Bucy and Breed 2006)</span>, richness <span>(Castro et al. 2020)</span>, and there are more dominant species <span>(Andersen 2019)</span>. (3) The role of ants in scavenging is not compensated for by other taxa when ants are absent. Finally, (4) the removal rates of animal-based baits on the ground are higher than seed baits in both environments, since animal resources are more limiting than plant resource in most habitats<span> (Kaspari and Yanoviak 2001, Bar-On et al. 2018)</span>.</span></p>
Experimental extensification of mountain grasslands restores plant species richness but not species composition in the mid-term
<ol> <li><span>The traditional grasslands that characterize the cultural landscapes of the palaeartic mountain massifs represent biodiversity hotspots. Yet, they are currently threatened by the intensification of farming practices, notably excesses in fertilization and irrigation.</span></li> <li><span>We experimentally investigated the passive restoration of montane and subalpine hay meadows after six years of management intensification, with different levels of fertilization and irrigation, followed by five years of release of intensive management, i.e. extensification. More specifically, relying on a full randomized block-design replicated at 11 Swiss study sites constituted of extensively-managed meadows, we exposed during six years (2010-2015) four 20 m diameter plots to three levels of intensification (low, medium and high inputs), while a fourth plot served as a control (no inputs). In the second phase of the experiment (2016-2020), all study meadows underwent farming extensification.</span></li> <li><span>We monitored total species richness and plant diversity (Simpson diversity), indicator plant species as well as the composition and variability of the plant communities based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity distances.</span></li> <li><span>We found that total species richness decreased in the most intensified plots after six years of intensification, but all plots retrieved their baseline species richness after five years of re-extensification. Additionally, we<span> found no difference between the years in plant diversity (Simpson diversity) among the treatments.</span><span> Yet, intensification led to different plants communities' compositions in all three levels of intensification in 2015 compared to the extensive plots, and this structural difference remained after five years of re-extensification.</span></span></li> <li><span><span><span>Synthesis and applications.</span> <span>Land-use intensification induces a rapid impoverishment of the flora of mountain meadows. Our results demonstrate the potential of mountain hay meadows to passively restore plant species richness after </span><span>re-extensification</span><span>, however </span><span>plants communities did not fully recover. We recommend maintaining fertilization inputs as low as possible and operating active restoration on grasslands formerly intensified.</span></span></span></li> </ol>
Lags in phenological acclimation of mountain grasslands after recent warming
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Experimental extensification of mountain grasslands restores plant species richness but not species composition in the mid-term
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Past tree influence and prescribed fire exert strong controls on reassembly of mountain grasslands after tree removal
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Using proxies of microbial community‐weighted means traits to explain the cascading effect of management intensity, soil and plant traits on ecosystem resilience in mountain grasslands
<p>1. Trait-based approaches provide a framework to understand the role of functional biodiversity on ecosystem functioning under global change. While plant traits have been reported as potential drivers of soil microbial community composition and resilience, studies directly assessing microbial traits are scarce, limiting our mechanistic understanding of ecosystem functioning.</p> <p>2. We used microbial biomass and enzyme stoichiometry, and mass-specific enzymes activity as proxies of microbial community-weighted mean (CWM) traits, to infer trade-offs in microbial strategies of resource use with cascading effects on ecosystem resilience. We simulated a drought event on intact plant-soil mesocosms extracted from mountain grasslands along a management intensity gradient. Ecosystem processes and properties related to nitrogen cycling were quantified before, during and after drought to characterize ecosystem resilience.</p> <p>3. Soil microbial CWM traits and ecosystem resilience to drought were strongly influenced by grassland type. Structural equation modelling revealed a cascading effect from management to ecosystem resilience through modifications in soil nutrients, and plant and microbial CWM traits. Overall, our results depict a shift from high investment in extracellular enzymes in nutrient poor soils (oligotrophic strategy), to a copiotrophic strategy with low microbial biomass N:P and low investment in extracellular enzymes associated with exploitative plant traits in nutrient rich soils.</p> <p>4. Microbial CWM traits responses to management intensity were highly related to ecosystem resilience. Microbial communities with a copiotrophic strategy had lower resistance but higher recovery to drought, while microbial communities with an oligotrophic strategy showed the opposite responses. The unexpected trade-off between plant and microbial resistance suggested that the lower resistance of copiotrophic microbial communities enabled plant resistance to drought.</p> <p>5. Synthesis Grassland management has cascading effects on ecosystem resilience through its combined effects on soil nutrients and plant traits propagating to microbial traits and resilience. We suggest that intensification of permanent grassland management and associated increases in soil nutrient availability decreased plant-microbe competition for N under drought through the selection of drought-sensitive microbial communities with a copiotrophic strategy that promoted plant resistance. Including proxies of microbial CWM traits into the functional trait framework will strengthen our understanding of soil ecosystem functioning under global change.</p>
Data from: Land use in mountain grasslands alters drought response and recovery of carbon allocation and plant-microbial interactions
1. Mountain grasslands have recently been exposed to substantial changes in land-use and climate and in the near future will likely face an increased frequency of extreme droughts. To date is not known how the drought responses of carbon (C) allocation, a key process in the C cycle, are affected by land-use changes in mountain grassland. 2. We performed an experimental summer drought on an abandoned grassland and a traditionally managed hay meadow and traced the fate of recent assimilates through the plant-soil continuum. We applied two 13CO2 pulses, at peak drought and in the recovery phase shortly after rewetting. 3. Drought decreased total C uptake in both grassland types and led to a loss of aboveground carbohydrate storage pools. The belowground C allocation to root sucrose was enhanced by drought, especially in the meadow, which also held larger root carbohydrate storage pools. 4. The microbial community of the abandoned grassland comprised more saprotrophic fungal and Gram (+) bacterial markers compared to the meadow. Drought increased the newly introduced AM and saprotrophic fungi:bacteria ratio in both grassland types. At peak drought the 13C transfer into AM fungi, saprotrophic fungi and Gram (-) bacteria was more strongly reduced in the meadow than in the abandoned grassland, which contrasted the patterns of the root carbohydrate pools. 5. In both grassland types the C allocation largely recovered after rewetting. Slowest recovery was found for AM fungi and their 13C uptake. In contrast, all bacterial markers quickly recovered C uptake. In the meadow, where plant nitrate uptake was enhanced after drought, C uptake was even higher than in control plots. 6. Synthesis. Our results suggest that resistance and resilience (i.e. recovery) of plant C dynamics and plant-microbial interactions are negatively related, i.e. high resistance is followed by slow recovery and vice versa. The abandoned grassland was more resistant to drought than the meadow and possibly had a stronger link to AM fungi that could have provided better access to water through the hyphal network. In contrast, meadow communities strongly reduced C allocation to storage and C transfer to the microbial community in the drought phase, but in the recovery phase invested C resources in the bacterial communities to gain more nutrients for regrowth. We conclude that management of mountain grasslands increases their resilience to drought.
The effect of plant invasion on soil microbial carbon-use efficiency in semiarid grasslands of the Rocky Mountain West
<p>1. Grassland ecosystems invaded by exotic plant species often exhibit substantially higher aboveground productivity and soil nitrogen (N) than the native communities they replace. These shifts are likely associated with altered microbial carbon (C) and N cycling, but we know surprisingly little about how these processes change with plant invasion.</p> <p>2. Targeting four invasive plant species common in the Rocky Mountain West, we collected soils from invaded and adjacent uninvaded grassland field plots, as well as from an experimental garden. We used a laboratory incubation of soils with <sup>13</sup>C- and <sup>15</sup>N-labelled substrates to examine how microbial C respiration, C assimilation, and N cycling differed among plant communities. To assess how these rates corresponded with plant productivity and microbial communities, we measured aboveground plant biomass and characterized bacterial and fungal communities using Illumina sequencing.</p> <p>3. In the paired observational plots, soil microbial communities associated with invaders generally had higher respiration rates and lower growth rates than those associated with the native plant communities, leading to a lower microbial carbon-use efficiency (CUE). Overall, soil substrate with a lower C:N was related to decreased CUE, and lower CUE was related to increased gross and net N mineralization. In turn, faster gross N mineralization was related to greater aboveground biomass. These patterns coincided with significant differences in fungal communities, whereas bacterial communities varied by site. Invasive plants also altered microbial communities in the experimental plots, but this was not associated with shifts in microbial CUE, which was low overall.</p> <p>4. <i>Synthesis.</i> Our results provide evidence that invasive plants alter bacterial and fungal communities. These shifts were not associated with changes in microbial CUE and, thus, the often-assumed link between compositional and functional shifts was not apparent in this study. However, lower CUE was associated with elevated rates of N cycling and productivity, which, in low-productivity systems, could help explain the increased growth and success of exotic plant invaders.</p>
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