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40 results for “mountain system”
Drainage System Masks in the Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica
<p>This data product is a set of drainage system boundary masks in the Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica. These masks were developed to support a landscape evolution study but could be useful in other Antarctic applications. My regions of interest were determined by locating where topography converges to a single point, similar to the methodology used for delineating fluvial watersheds, except over ice instead of water. Masks were manually delineated using the Reference Elevation Model of Antarctica, a high-resolution DEM of the Antarctic Surface and the United States Geologic Survey (USGS) topography maps both provided by the <a href="https://www.pgc.umn.edu/">Polar Geospatial Center</a>. There are 36 drainage system masks in total merged into one shapefile. The shapefile attribute table contains 4 parameters: BasinValue, BasinName, Shape_Leng, and Shape_Area. BasinValue column contains a unique integer for each drainage area from 1-38 while BasinName contains the name of the closest major glacier for reference. </p> <p>Spatial Reference System: WGS 84 / Antarctic Polar Stereographic (<a href="https://epsg.io/3031">EPSG:3031</a>)</p> <p>Data Format: Shapefile</p>
Bipartite plant-pollinator diurnal and nocturnal networks for three mountain systems of the Iberian Peninsula.
<p>Dataset generated for the article "Addition of nocturnal pollinators modifies the structure of pollination" networks" (DOI:10.1038/s41598-023-49944-y). </p> <p>Diurnal and nocturnal plant-flower visitor networks (hereafter, plant-pollinator networks) were built for each site during the flowering season of 2010 (Picos de Europa) and 2011 (Sierra de Guadarrama and Sierra Nevada). To build the diurnal networks, interactions between plants and floral visitors were recorded along diurnal transects at each site, where all insects contacting the reproductive structures of the flowers were recorded. The sampled area differed between sites from 500 × 250 m in Picos de Europa to 150 × 100 m in Sierra Nevada and 100 × 60 m in Sierra de Guadarrama. These differences were dependent on the small-scale heterogeneity of vegetation. The transects were evenly distributed throughout the study area. The length of the transects varied depending on the size of the study area. Diurnal transects were performed from 10 to 18 h on sunny days with mild wind conditions for pollinator activity. Nocturnal plant-pollinator networks were built for each site by trapping moths using light traps and analysing their pollen loads. Light traps consisted of a UV light surrounded by three white triangular sheets. Moths landing on the sheets were immediately trapped and stored in individual vials with a small piece of tissue and some drops of ethyl acetate.</p> <p>For more details on the methodology see original publication.</p>
Isogeochemical characterization of mountain system recharge processes in the Sierra Nevada, California
<p>Mountain System Recharge processes are significant natural recharge pathways in many arid and semi-arid mountainous regions. However, Mountain System Recharge processes are often poorly understood and characterized in hydrologic models. Mountains are the primary water supply source to valley aquifers via lateral groundwater flow from the mountain block (Mountain Block Recharge) and focused recharge from mountain streams contributing to focused Mountain Front Recharge at the piedmont zone. Here, we present a multi-tool isogeochemical approach to characterize mountain flow paths and Mountain System Recharge in the northern Tulare Basin, California. We used groundwater chemistry data to delineate hydrochemical facies and explain the chemical evolution of groundwater from the Sierra Nevada to the Central Valley aquifer. Stable isotopes and radiogenic groundwater tracers validated Mountain System Recharge processes by differentiating focused from diffuse recharge, and estimating apparent groundwater age, respectively. Novel application of End-Member Mixing Analysis (EMMA) using conservative chemical components revealed three Mountain System Recharge end-members: (1) evaporated Ca-HCO<sub>3</sub> water type associated with focused Mountain Front Recharge, (2) non-evaporated Ca-HCO<sub>3</sub> and Na-HCO<sub>3</sub> water types with short residence times associated with shallow Mountain Block Recharge, and (3) Na-HCO<sub>3</sub> groundwater type with long residence time associated with deep Mountain Block Recharge. We quantified the contribution of each Mountain System Recharge process to the valley aquifer by calculating mixing ratios. Our results show that deep Mountain Block Recharge is a significant recharge component, representing 31 to 53 % of the valley groundwater. Greater hydraulic connectivity between the Sierra Nevada and Central Valley has significant implications for parameterizing groundwater flow models. Our framework is useful for understanding Mountain System Recharge processes in other snow-dominated mountain watersheds.</p>
Contrasting patterns of phylogenetic diversity and alpine specialization across the alpine flora of the American mountain range system
<p>Although mountainous habitats contribute substantially to global biodiversity, comparatively little is known about biogeographic patterns of distributions of alpine species across multiple mountain ranges. Here, we present a detailed analysis of the distributions and phylogenetic affinities of alpine seed plant lineages across North, Central, and South American mountain systems. Using a comprehensive dataset that characterized the elevational niches of American seed plants in a continuously valued way, we were able to quantitatively investigate how the proportion of alpine habitat occupied by plants related to their biogeographic distributions at a regional scale and place these results in a phylogenetic context. We found alpine species diversity to be greatest in the central Andes and western North America, and that sites with lower phylogenetic diversity contained species with a greater degree of alpine specialization. In particular, near Arctic/ boreal alpine communities were characterized by low phylogenetic diversity and higher degrees of alpine specialization, whereas the opposite was observed for southern Patagonian communities. These results suggest that abiotic filtering alone in these climatically similar regions is unlikely to explain alpine community assembly. Nevertheless, the overall relative rarity of alpine specialists, and the tendency for such specialists to be most closely related to montane lineages, suggested that filtering was still an important factor in shaping alpine community structure. This work corroborates the importance of a nuanced and scale-dependent perspective on the 'history-filtering' debate axis, as both factors have likely contributed to modern biodiversity patterns observed in alpine plant communities across the Americas.</p>
Constraining Bedrock Groundwater Residence Times in a Mountain System with Environmental Tracer Observations and Bayesian Uncertainty Quantification: Modeling and Data Package
<p>Here we present field observations of dissolved noble gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe), Chloroflourcarbons (CFCs), Sulfurhexaflouride (SF6), and tritium (3H) sampled from the PLM1, PLM6, and PLM7 wells in the East River Colorado (USA) sampled in May, 2021. This observation dataset, along with the presented python modeling scripts to interpret the data, can aide in quantifying groundwater residence times and recharge conditions. The README files describes the directories and scripts.</p>
Isogeochemical characterization of mountain system recharge processes in the Sierra Nevada, California
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Contrasting patterns of phylogenetic diversity and alpine specialization across the alpine flora of the American mountain range system
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Spatial discontinuity of mountain systems and genetic structure of alpine plants: the Alps-Carpathians disjunction in a comparative phylogeographical context
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FIGURES 7–10 in Redescription of the remarkable Zhiltzovaia amabilis (Jewett, 1958) comb. nov. (Plecoptera, Perlodidae) based on types and new material from Himalaya and Pamir Mountain systems
FIGURES 7–10. Zhiltzovaia amabilis (Jewett, 1958), male. 7. Habitus, dorsal. 8. Head and pronotum. 9. Abdomen and paraprocts, lateral: tk—truncated knob, rk—rounded knob of paraproct sclerite. 10. Abdominal tip with aedeagus, dorsal.
Observational signal of the interaction between mountain–plain wind and urban breeze under weak synoptic systems
<p>The dataset contains all material involved in figure4a, figure4b, figure5, figure6, figure7 and figure8. There are six data sheets in this xlsx file. Meteorological data acquired between 2013 and 2015 were used to investigate at Hangzhou. there are three key points: (1)Criteria to identify valley wind episodes from ground-based observations were proposed and evaluated. (2)Interactions between mountain–plain wind and urban breeze were found from surface observations.(3)The interaction can modulate the reversal times of diurnal mountain-plain winds.</p> <p>The data is including wind direction, wind speed and temperature with 5-min sampling. Every data sheet has a readme for a more detailed explanation, and you need to analyse them in combination with figures. </p>
Data from: Tropical tree species diversity in a mountain system in southern Mexico: local and regional patterns and determinant factors
Mechanisms explaining patterns of biodiversity along elevation gradients in tropical mountain systems remain controversial. We use a set of climatic, topographic and soil variables encompassing regional, landscape and local-level spatial scales to explain the spatial variation of tree species diversity in the Sierra Madre of Chiapas, Mexico. We sampled 128 circular plots (0.1-ha each) in four elevational bands along four elevation gradients or transects encompassing 100-2200 m. A total of 12,533 trees belonging to 444 species were recorded. Diversity patterns along the elevation gradient and the explanatory power of independent variables were dependent on spatial scale (regional vs transect) and functional group (total vs late-successional or pioneer species). Diversity of all species and late-successional species (1 - proportion of pioneer species) showed a constant pattern at the regional and transect scales, with low predictive power of climatic variables and/or elevation. A linear decrease of either number or proportion of pioneer species diversity was observed with increasing elevation, which was correlated with temperature, rainfall, and human disturbance trends. Total species diversity showed an increase with rainfall of the warmest quarter, indicating a regional-level limiting effect of seasonality (drought duration). Yet the explanatory power of climatic and topographic variables was higher at the individual transect level than at the regional scale, suggesting the parallel but differential influence of evolutionary and geological history factors on diversification not so far studied to explain elevation patterns of species diversity in tropical mountain systems.
FIGURE 6 in A new polytypic species of yellow-shouldered bats, genus Sturnira (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae), from the Andean and coastal mountain systems of Venezuela and Colombia
FIGURE 6. From top to bottom, frontal views of the upper incisors and canines, occlusal view of the upper dentition, and frontal view of the lower incisors and canines of: A) Sturnira adrianae adrianae (male, CVULA 7938); B) S. a. caripana (male, CVULA 8590); C) S. oporaphilum (male, QCAZ 2300); and D) S. ludovici (male, QCAZ 1644).
FIGURE 2 in A new polytypic species of yellow-shouldered bats, genus Sturnira (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae), from the Andean and coastal mountain systems of Venezuela and Colombia
FIGURE 2. Maximum-likelihood (ML) tree based on Cyt-b sequence data used to assess the phylogenetic position of Sturnira adrianae in relation to other species of Sturnira. The tree shown is the one with the highest log likelihood (-5445.3367). Bootstrap support values (% of trees in which the associated taxa clustered together after 1000 repetitions) for nodes are indicated next to interior branches. The name 'S. new species 3' is used following Velazco and Patterson (2013). Individual specimens are particularized only in branches of the S. oporaphilum clade. From top to bottom, GenBank accession numbers for these specimens are: KC753807, KC753806 (S. ludovici); KY366235, KY366234, KY366232, KY366233, KY366231, KY366230, KY366229 (S. adrianae); KC753856, KC753850, KC753854, KC753851, KC753855, KC753853, KC753852 (S. oporaphilum); KC753826, KC753827, KC753825 (S. burtonlimi); and KC753794, KC753793, KC753795, KC753796, KC753797, KC753799, KC753798 (S. hondurensis).
FIGURE 4 in A new polytypic species of yellow-shouldered bats, genus Sturnira (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae), from the Andean and coastal mountain systems of Venezuela and Colombia
FIGURE 4. Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views of the crania, and lateral views of the mandibles of the holotypes. Left: Sturnira adrianae adrianae (male, CVULA 8570). Right: S. a. caripana (male, CVULA 8593).
FIGURE 3 in A new polytypic species of yellow-shouldered bats, genus Sturnira (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae), from the Andean and coastal mountain systems of Venezuela and Colombia
FIGURE 3. Box-and-whisker plots summarizing the cranial and wing dimensions of Sturnira oporaphilum, S. adrianae adrianae, and S. a. caripana. Plots A and B consider the single measurements most representative of cranial and wing dimensions. Plots C and D consider all measurements by displaying specimen scores in the two axes of a Multiple Discriminant Analysis (MDA). In this MDA, the first axis accounts for 82.3% and the second axis for 17.7% of the variance. Crosses and vertical lines within gray boxes represent, respectively, means and medians. Gray box widths span the interval between the 25th and 75th percentiles, containing the middle 50% of the data points. Horizontal lines, or "whiskers", extend this interval to the 10th and 90th percentiles, containing 80% of the data points. At least nine data points are required to compute the 10th and 90th percentiles, hence no whiskers are plotted for S. a. caripana. Open circles represent potential outliers. Sample sizes indicated after taxon names.
FIGURE 1 in A new polytypic species of yellow-shouldered bats, genus Sturnira (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae), from the Andean and coastal mountain systems of Venezuela and Colombia
FIGURE 1. Map of Venezuela and neighboring Colombia showing the collection localities of specimens of Sturnira adrianae, new species. Solid circles correspond to S. a. adrianae. Solid triangles correspond to S. a. caripana. Abbreviations are: SA, Sierra de Aroa; SB, Sierra de Bobare; SC, Sistema Coriano; SL, Sierra de San Luis (part of SC); SM, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta; 1, Táchira Depression; 2, Lara Depression; 3, Yaracuy Depression; 4, Unare Depression. For locality data, see Appendix.
Other common names: East African Grammomys, Rwenzori Grammomys, Rwenzori Thicket Rat Taxonomy. Thamnomys ibeanus Osgood, 1910, Molo, Kenya. Grammomys ibeanus was previously includ-ed in G. cometes, but molecular data show it to be closer to G. macmillani. Monotypic. Distribution. Occurs quite widely in E Africa associated with mountains of the Rift Valley system and the Eastern Arc, including S South Sudan, E Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, and Mozambique. in Muridae
Other common names: East African Grammomys, Rwenzori Grammomys, Rwenzori Thicket Rat Taxonomy. Thamnomys ibeanus Osgood, 1910, Molo, Kenya. Grammomys ibeanus was previously includ-ed in G. cometes, but molecular data show it to be closer to G. macmillani. Monotypic. Distribution. Occurs quite widely in E Africa associated with mountains of the Rift Valley system and the Eastern Arc, including S South Sudan, E Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, and Mozambique.
Influence of the Southeast Asian mountains on the statistics of monsoon low pressure systems over India
<p>Data used in the letter titled "Influence of the Southeast Asian mountains on the statistics of monsoon low pressure systems over India".</p>
Data related to: Open-system evolution of a crustal-scale magma column, Klamath Mountains, California
<p>Granitic magmas commonly display evidence for some level of interaction with and/or origins from crustal rocks. There is fundamental debate in the community as to the processes that control the origins of these magmas and the potential for their contamination as they pass through the crust. One approach to addressing these issues involves a combination of detailed field mapping combined with geochemical analysis of bulk-rock samples and their constituent minerals. In particular, resolution of debates about magma origin(s) and contamination processes rely on U-Pb ages of zircon combined with isotopic data gathered from bulk-rock samples and from minerals such as zircon.</p> <p>The data presented here consist of U-Pb, Hf, and oxygen isotope analyses of zircon crystals separated from a major plutonic complex in northern California: the Wooley Creek batholith and Slinkard pluton. In addition, data are presented for samples of the metamorphic rocks that host these intrusions and for xenoliths of these host rocks engulfed by the intrusions. These data are discussed in the above-mentioned manuscript. Generation of the data was supported by National Science Foundation grants EAR-0838342 to C. Barnes and A. Yoshinobu, EAR-0838546 to K. Chamberlain, and EAR-1524336 to J. Valley. The WiscSIMS isotope facility (oxygen isotope data) was supported by NSF grant EAR-1658823 and the University of Wisconsin-Madison.</p> <p>Figure 1 illustrates the locations of plutonic samples analyzed.</p> <p>Table 1 presents sample locations and rock types.</p> <p>Tables 2–5 present U-Pb ages and Hf isotope data determined by laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry at the University of California-Santa Barbara.</p> <p>Tables 6A–6E present U-Pb ages determined by SHRIMP-RG (sensitive high resolution ion microprobe-reverse geometry) at Stanford University.</p> <p>Table 7 presents oxygen isotope (zircon) data determined by SIMS (secondary ion mass spectrometry at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.</p>
Geochemical and provenance heterogeneity of small mountainous river systems in Southeast China
<p>Supplementary Data of the Manuscript titled 'Geochemical and provenance heterogeneity of small mountainous river systems in Southeast China'</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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