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18 results for “moving targets”
Securing the IoT through Moving Target Defense (short film)
<p>Short film by Renzo E. Navas, presented in the Festival de sciences en cour[t]s 2019 (scientific vulgarisation)</p> <p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUY4_X-KClXAxmdbg_VCfDA">Festival Sciences en Courts (Youtube)</a> -- <a href="http://sciences-en-courts.fr/">http://sciences-en-courts.fr/</a></p> <p>** Mention spéciale du jury **</p> <p>Teaser:</p> <p>Une lampe... connecté? OUI. Parce que l'Internet des Objets (IdO) est arrivé. Mais l'IdO n'est pas limité à la maison. Il est partout. L'IdO ouvre la possibilité à nouvelles façons de faire interagir le monde physique et numérique. Malheureusement, les cyber-attaques ne sont pas exclus de ces nouvelles interactions. Je travaille pour faire la vie des cyber-attaquants plus difficile, et par conséquence cela des nos objets connectés (... et la notre) plus tranquille. Mon travail est basé sur le paradigme "Moving Target Defense" (MTD) [En français: Défense du Cible en Mouvement], qui propose faire que certaines propriétés de nos systèmes soient en changement perpétuel. Avec le MTD, la réussite des attaquants -assuré auparavant- sera en échec. Par : Renzo Navas</p>
Avoiding obstacles while intercepting a moving target: A miniature fly's solution
<p>The miniature robber fly <i>Holcocephala fusca<i> </i></i>intercepts its targets using a system whose behaviour is approximated by the proportional navigation guidance law. During predatory trials, we challenged <em>Holcocephala</em>'s interception performance by placing a large object in its potential flight path. In response, <em>Holcocephala</em> deviated from the path predicted by pure-proportional navigation, but in many cases still eventually contacted the target. We show that such flight deviations can be explained as the output of two competing navigational systems; pure-proportional navigation and a simple obstacle avoidance algorithm. Obstacle avoidance by <em>Holcocephala</em> is here described by a simple feedback loop that uses the visual expansion of the approaching obstacle to mediate the magnitude of the turning-away response. We name the integration of this this steering law with pro-nav "Combined Guidance". The results demonstrate that predatory intent does not operate a monopoly on the fly's steering when attacking a target, and that simple guidance combinations can explain obstacle avoidance during interceptive tasks.</p>
Data from: Single target acuity for moving targets in the common sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus)
<p>The common sunfish (<em>Lepomis gibbosus</em>) likely relies on vision for many vital behaviors that require the perception of small objects such as detection of prey items or body marks of conspecifics. A previous study documented the single target acuity (STA) for stationary targets. Under many, if not most, circumstances, however, objects of interest are moving which is why the current study tested the effect of the ecologically relevant parameter motion on sunfish STA. The STA was determined in two sunfish for targets moving randomly at a velocity of 3.4 deg/s. The STA for moving targets (0.144±0.002 deg) was equal to the STA for stationary targets obtained from the same fish individuals under the experimental conditions of this/the previous study. Our results contribute to a comprehensive understanding of fish vision, extending the large data set available on grating acuity.</p>
Data from: Single target acuity for moving targets in the common sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus)
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Data from: Follow the flower: Approach-flight behaviour of bumblebees landing on a moving target
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Avoiding obstacles while intercepting a moving target: A miniature fly's solution
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Trade-offs between biodiversity and agriculture are moving targets in dynamic landscapes
<ol> <li>Understanding how biodiversity responds to intensifying agriculture is critical to mitigating the trade-offs between them. These trade-offs are particularly strong in tropical and subtropical deforestation frontiers, yet it remains unclear how changing landscape context in such frontiers alters agriculture-biodiversity trade-offs.</li> <li>We focus on the Argentinean Chaco, a global deforestation hotspot, to explore how landscape context shapes trade-off curves between agricultural intensity and avian biodiversity. We use a space-for-time approach and integrate a large field dataset of bird communities (197 species, 234 survey plots), three agricultural intensity metrics (meat yield, energy yield and profit), and a range of environmental covariates in a hierarchical Bayesian occupancy framework.</li> <li>Woodland extent in the landscape consistently determines how individual bird species, and the bird community as a whole, respond to agricultural intensity. Many species switch in their fundamental response, from decreasing occupancy with increased agricultural intensity when woodland extent in the landscape is low (loser species), to increasing occupancy with increased agricultural intensity when woodland extent is high (winner species).</li> <li>This suggests that landscape context strongly mediates who wins and loses along agricultural intensity gradients. Likewise, where landscapes change, such as in deforestation frontiers, the very nature of the agriculture-biodiversity trade-offs can change as landscapes transformation progresses.</li> <li> <i>Synthesis and applications</i>. Schemes to mitigate agriculture-biodiversity trade-offs, such as land sparing or sharing, must consider landscape context. Strategies that are identified based on a snapshot of data risk failure in dynamic landscapes, particularly where agricultural expansion continues to reduce natural habitats. Rather than a single, fixed strategy, adaptive management of agriculture-biodiversity trade-offs is needed in such situations. Here we provide a toolset for considering changing landscape contexts when exploring such trade-offs. This can help to better align agriculture and biodiversity in tropical and subtropical deforestation <a>frontiers.</a> </li> </ol>
Data from: Rapid adaptation to novel climate at the northern range edge of the invasive Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus: a moving target
1. Rapid adaptation in response to novel environments can facilitate species invasions and range expansions. Understanding how invasive disease vectors rapidly evolve to novel conditions—particularly at the edge of its non-native range—has important implications for mitigating the prevalence and spread of disease. 2. Here, we evaluate the role of local adaptation in overwintering capability of the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus. This species invaded the Southern US in the 1980s and rapidly spread northward into novel climate compared to its native range. Photoperiodically induced egg diapause is a key trait contributing to the establishment and spread of Ae. albopictus in temperate latitudes, and diapause incidence rapidly developed a cline along a latitudinal gradient in the US shortly after its initial invasion. However, variation in overwintering survival of diapause-induced eggs along this gradient is not known, but is critical to the fitness-related role of diapause evolution in the establishment and spread of Ae. albopictus in its northern US range. 3. Using reciprocal transplants, we detected local adaptation in overwinter survival of diapausing Aedes albopictus eggs. In northern range-edge winters, eggs produced by range-edge individuals survived better than those produced by range-core individuals. Diapause eggs from range-edge and range-core locations survived equally well in range-core winters, and no eggs survived a winter beyond the current northern range limit in the US. 4. Synthesis and applications. These results demonstrate rapid (~ 3 decades) local adaptation of egg diapause, a key trait facilitating overwinter survival and range expansion for the invasive Asian tiger mosquito. In light of these results, control efforts could shift from targeting satellite populations to a focus on preventing dispersal into locally adapted, range-edge locations and to aim removal efforts towards areas surrounding locally adapted populations. Adopting new approaches to target rapidly adapting populations will require large-scale collaboration among control agencies and research institutions, and should begin in the northern US range to better control Ae. albopictus mosquito populations in the face of rapid adaptation.
Facilitation of neural responses to targets moving against optic flow
<p>For the human observer, it can be difficult to follow the motion of small objects, especially when they move against background clutter. In contrast, insects efficiently do this, as evidenced by their ability to capture prey, pursue conspecifics, or defend territories, even in highly textured surrounds. We here recorded from target selective descending neurons (TSDNs) which likely subserve these impressive behaviors. To simulate the type of optic flow that would be generated by the pursuer's own movements through the world, we used the motion of a perspective corrected sparse dot field. We show that hoverfly TSDN responses to target motion are suppressed when such optic flow moves syn-directional to the target. Indeed, neural responses are strongly suppressed when targets move over either translational sideslip or rotational yaw. More strikingly, we show that TSDNs are facilitated by optic flow moving counter-directional to the target, if the target moves horizontally. Furthermore, we show that a small, frontal spatial window of optic flow is enough to fully facilitate or suppress TSDN responses to target motion. We argue that such TSDN response facilitation could be beneficial in modulating corrective turns during target pursuit.</p>
Data from: Rapid adaptation to novel climate at the northern range edge of the invasive Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus: a moving target
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Trade-offs between biodiversity and agriculture are moving targets in dynamic landscapes
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Data from: Hitting the moving target: modelling ontogenetic shifts with stable isotopes reveals the importance of isotopic turnover
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Facilitation of neural responses to targets moving against optic flow
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Data from: Climate impacts on the ocean are making the Sustainable Development Goals a moving target traveling away from us
1. Climate change is impacting marine ecosystems and their goods and services in diverse ways, which can directly hinder our ability to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, set out under the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. 2. Through expert elicitation and a literature review, we find that most climate change effects have a wide variety of negative consequences across marine ecosystem services, though most studies have highlighted impacts from warming and consequences to marine species. 3. Climate change is expected to negatively influence marine ecosystem services through global stressors – such as ocean warming and acidification – but also by amplifying local and regional stressors such as freshwater runoff and pollution load. 4. Experts indicated that all Sustainable Development Goals would be overwhelmingly negatively affected by these climate impacts to marine ecosystem services, with eliminating hunger being among the most directly negatively affected Sustainable Development Goal. 5. Despite these challenges, the Sustainable Development Goals aiming to transform our consumption and production practices and develop clean energy systems are found to be least affected by marine climate impacts. These findings represent a strategic point of entry for countries to achieve sustainable development, given that these two goals are relatively robust to climate impacts and that they are important pre-requisite for other Sustainable Development Goals. 6. Our results suggest that climate change impacts on marine ecosystems are set to make the Sustainable Development Goals a moving target traveling away from us. Effective and urgent action towards sustainable development, including mitigating and adapting to climate impacts on marine systems are important to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, but the longer this action stalls the more distant these goals will become.
Data from: Climate impacts on the ocean are making the Sustainable Development Goals a moving target traveling away from us
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Data from: Camouflage, detection and identification of moving targets
Nearly all research on camouflage has investigated its effectiveness for concealing stationary objects. However, animals have to move, and patterns that only work when the subject is static will heavily constrain behaviour. We investigated the effects of different camouflages on the three stages of predation—detection, identification and capture—in a computer-based task with humans. An initial experiment tested seven camouflage strategies on static stimuli. In line with previous literature, background-matching and disruptive patterns were found to be most successful. Experiment 2 showed that if stimuli move, an isolated moving object on a stationary background cannot avoid detection or capture regardless of the type of camouflage. Experiment 3 used an identification task and showed that while camouflage is unable to slow detection or capture, camouflaged targets are harder to identify than uncamouflaged targets when similar background objects are present. The specific details of the camouflage patterns have little impact on this effect. If one has to move, camouflage cannot impede detection; but if one is surrounded by similar targets (e.g. other animals in a herd, or moving background distractors), then camouflage can slow identification. Despite previous assumptions, motion does not entirely 'break' camouflage.
Moving Beyond Inflammation as a Therapeutic Target for Crohn's Disease
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06976853. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Data from: Camouflage, detection and identification of moving targets
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.