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24 results for “mycorrhizal network”
Plant pests influence the movement of plant-fixed carbon and fungal-acquired nutrients through arbuscular mycorrhizal networks
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Functional, temporal, and spatial complementarity in mammal-fungal spore networks enhances mycorrhizal dispersal following forest harvesting
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Data belonging to: Decreasing relatedness among mycorrhizal fungi in a shared plant network increases fungal network size but not plant benefit
<p>Dataset beloning to the publication: "Decreasing relatedness among mycorrhizal fungi in a shared plant network increases fungal network size but not plant benefit" in Ecology letters (2021). R script used to analyse the data in the .csv files</p>
Plant-root pathogenic fungal and plant-mycorrhizal fungal association networks in a subtropical forest
<p><span>Although rhizosphere fungi are essential for plant survival and ecosystem functioning, little is known about the processes that structure plant–fungal association networks. In this study, we constructed association networks between 43 plant species and two groups of root-associated fungi (mycorrhizal and pathogenic fungi; MF and PF, respectively) in a diverse subtropical forest. We then evaluated the modularity of plant–MF and plant–PF networks and linked them to the functional traits and phylogenies of both plants and fungi. We observed strong modularity in both plant–MF and plant–PF networks. Phylogenetically related fungi tended to emerge in the same modules. MF from distinct modules associated with plants with different specific root length and specific root area in plant–MF networks. PF from distinct modules associated with plants with different dark respiration rate and light compensation point in plant–PF networks. Plant affiliation to modules was explained by both plant traits and phylogeny </span><span>(22% for plant–MF and 37% for plant–PF networks). In contrast</span><span>, fungal affiliation to modules was explained by fungal phylogeny (</span><span>16% </span><span>for plant–MF and </span><span>29% </span><span>for plant–PF networks). Our results elucidate the link between modularity in plant–root fungal networks and the functional traits and phylogeny of the plants and fungi. Our study highlights the importance of traits and phylogeny in governing root fungal community assembly from network perspective.</span></p>
Lotus2 on Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Galaxy Training Network - Sample files for creating Mapping TSV
<p>Sample files for the last step on creating a Mapping TSV in the Galaxy Training Network tutorial on "Identifying Mycorrhizal Fungi from ITS2 sequencing using LotuS2"</p>
Orchid-mycorrhizal fungi interactions reveal a duality in their network structure in two European regions differing in climate
<p><span>Network analysis is an effective tool to describe and quantify the ecological interactions between plants and root-associated fungi.</span><span> Mycoheterotrophic plants, such as orchids, critically rely on mycorrhizal fungi for nutrients to survive, therefore, investigating the structure of those intimate interactions brings new insights into the plant community assembly and coexistence. So far, there is little consensus on the structure of those interactions, described either as nested (generalist interactions), modular (highly specific interactions) or of both topologies. Biotic factors (e.g., mycorrhizal specificity) were shown to influence the network structure, while there is less evidence of abiotic factor effects. By</span><span> using next-generation sequencing of the orchid mycorrhizal fungal (OMF) community associated with 238 plant individuals belonging to 17 orchid species, we assessed the structure of four orchid-OMF networks in two European regions under contrasting climatic conditions (Mediterranean vs Continental).</span> <span>Each network contained four to 12 co-occurring orchid species, including up to eight species shared among the sites</span><span>. All four networks were both nested and modular, and fungal communities were different between co-occurring orchid species, despite multiple sharing of fungi across some orchids. Co-occurring orchid species growing in Mediterranean climates were associated with more dissimilar fungal communities, consistent with a greater modular structure compared to the Continental ones. The OMF diversity was comparable among orchid species since most orchids were associated with multiple rarer fungi and with only a few highly dominant ones in the roots. Our results provide useful highlights on potential factors involved in structuring plant-mycorrhizal fungi interactions in different climatic conditions.</span></p>
The structure and ecological function of the interactions between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi through multilayer networks
<ol> <li>Arbuscular mycorrhizas are one of the most frequent mutualisms in terrestrial ecosystems. Although studies on plant mutualistic interaction networks suggest that they may leave their imprint on plant community structure and dynamics, this has not been explicitly assessed. Thus, in the context of plant-fungi interactions, studies explicitly linking plant-mycorrhizal fungi interaction networks with key ecological functions of plant communities, such as recruitment, are lacking. </li> <li>In this study, we analyse, in two Mediterranean forest communities of southern Iberian Peninsula, how plant-AMF networks modulate plant-plant recruitment interaction networks. We use a new approach integrating plant-AMF and plant recruitment networks into a single multilayer structure. We also develop a new metric (Interlayer Node Neighbourhood Integration, INNI) to explore the impact of a given node on the structure across layers.</li> <li>Similarity of plant species in their AMF communities is positively related to the observed frequency of recruitment interactions in the field. Results reveal that properties of plant-AMF networks, such as plant degree and centrality, contribute to explaining properties of the plant recruitment network, such as in- and out-degree (i.e. sapling bank and canopy service) and its modular structure. However, these relationships differed between the two forest communities. Finally, we identify particular AMF that contribute to integrating the neighbourhood of recruitment interactions between plants.</li> <li>This multilayer network approach is useful to explore the role of plant-AMF interactions on recruitment, a key ecosystem function enhanced by fungi. Results provide evidence that the complex structure of plant-AMF interactions impacts functional and structurally plant-plant interactions, which in turn may potentially influence plant community dynamics, through their effects on the structure of the recruitment network.</li> </ol>
Orchid-mycorrhizal fungi interactions reveal a duality in their network structure in two European regions differing in climate
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The structure and ecological function of the interactions between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi through multilayer networks
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Data from: Plant traits and tissue stoichiometry explain nutrient transfer in common arbuscular mycorrhizal networks of temperate grasslands
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Plant-root pathogenic fungal and plant-mycorrhizal fungal association networks in a subtropical forest
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Data from: Integrating plant species contribution to mycorrhizal and seed dispersal mutualistic networks
Mutualistic interactions like those established between plants and mycorrhizal fungi or seed dispersers are key drivers of plant population dynamics and ecosystem functioning, however, these interactions have rarely been explored together. We assembled a tripartite fungi-plant-disperser network in the Gorongosa National Park - Mozambique, to test 1) if the diversity and importance of plant mutualists above- and belowground are correlated, and 2) whether biotically and abiotically dispersed plants are associated with similar or distinct arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) communities. We quantified seed dispersal by animals during one year and characterized the community of 26 common plant species. Sixteen plant species were dispersed by 15 animals and colonized by 48 AMF virtual taxa (VT), while the remaining ten plant species were not dispersed by animals and associated with 34 AMF VT. We found no evidence for a correlation between the number of plant partners above- and belowground or on plant specialization on both types of partners. We also found no evidence for differentiation of AMF communities between biotically and abiotically dispersed plants. Altogether, these results suggest that the establishment of plant interactions with seed dispersers and mycorrhizal fungi are largely independent and that both biotically and abiotically dispersed plants seem to associate with similar communities of AM fungi.
Data from: Plant-mycorrhizal fungus co-occurrence network lacks substantial structure
The interactions between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) maintain a crucial link between macroscopic organisms and the soil microbial world. These interactions are of extreme importance for the diversity of plant communities and ecosystem functioning. Despite this importance, only recently has the structure of plant–AMF interaction networks been studied. These recent studies, which used genetic data, suggest that these networks are highly structured, very similar to plant–animal mutualistic networks. However, the assembly process of plant–AMF communities is still largely unknown, and an important feature of plant–AMF interactions has not been incorporated: they occur at an extremely localized scale. Studying plant–AMF networks in a spatial context seems therefore a crucial step. This paper studies a plant–AMF spatial co-occurrence network using novel methodology based on information theory and a unique set of spatially explicit species-level data. We apply three null models of which only one accounts for spatial effects. We find that the data show substantial departures from null expectations for the two non-spatial null models. However, for the null model considering spatial effects, there are few significant co-occurrences compared with the other two null models. Thus, plant–AMF spatial co-occurrences seem to be mostly explained by stochasticity, with a small role for other factors related to plant–AMF specialization. Furthermore, we find that the network is not significantly nested or modular. We conclude that this plant–AMF spatial co-occurrence network lacks substantial structure and, therefore, plants and AMF species do not track each other over space. Thus, random encounters seem more important in the first step of the assembly of plant–AMF communities.
Lotus2 on Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Galaxy Training Network - Example Run Output
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Data from: Severance of arbuscular mycorrhizal networks in restoration grasslands enhances seedling biomass
<p>1. Establishment and growth of grassland plant species is generally promoted by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) when grown in isolation. However, in grassland communities AMF form networks that may connect individual plants of different ages within and between species. Here, we use an in-growth core approach to examine how mycorrhizal networks influences performance of seedlings in grasslands.</p> <p>2. We selected 4 grass and 4 forb species with known negative or neutral-positive plant-soil feedback and grew them individually in steel mesh cores filled with living field soil. Cores were placed in six restored grasslands, three grasslands were of relatively young and three were of older successional age.</p> <p>3. Ingrowing mycorrhizal fungal hyphae were severed twice a week in half of all cores, which resulted into reduced AMF colonisation and increased seedling biomass, irrespective of the fields' succession stage, and the plants' grass/forb group, or plant-soil feedback type. In the control cores, root colonization by AMF was negatively correlated to seedling biomass, whereas there was no such relationships in the cores that had been lifted.</p> <p>4. We conclude that connections to arbuscular mycorrhizal networks of surrounding plants had a negative impact on biomass of establishing forb and grass seedlings.</p>
Data from: Integrating plant species contribution to mycorrhizal and seed dispersal mutualistic networks
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Data from: Plant-mycorrhizal fungus co-occurrence network lacks substantial structure
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Data from: Mycorrhizal network assembly in a community context: the presence of neighbours matters
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Data from: Severance of arbuscular mycorrhizal networks in restoration grasslands enhances seedling biomass
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Data from: Topology of tree-mycorrhizal fungus interaction networks in xeric and mesic Douglas-fir forests
1. From the phytocentric perspective, a mycorrhizal network (MN) is formed when the roots of two or more plants are colonized by the same fungal genet. MNs can be modelled as interaction networks with plants as nodes and fungal genets as links. The potential effects of MNs on facilitation or competition between plants are increasingly recognized, but their network topologies remain largely unknown. This information is needed to understand the ecological significance of MN functional traits. 2. The objectives of this study were to describe the interaction network topologies of MNs formed between two ectomycorrhizal fungal species, Rhizopogon vesiculosus and R. vinicolor, and interior Douglas-fir trees at the forest stand scale, identify factors leading to this structure and to contrast MN structures between forest plots with xeric versus mesic soil moisture regimes. 3. Tuberculate mycorrhizas were sampled in six 10 × 10 m plots with either xeric or mesic soil moisture regimes. Microsatellite DNA markers were used to identify tree and fungal genotypes isolated from mycorrhizas and for comparison with reference tree boles above-ground. 4. In all six plots, trees and fungal genets were highly interconnected. Size asymmetries between different tree cohorts led to non-random MN topologies, while differences in size and connectivity between Rhizopogon species-specific subnetwork components contributed towards MN nestedness. Large mature trees acted as network hubs with a significantly higher node degree compared to smaller trees. MNs representing trees linked by R. vinicolor genets were mostly nested within larger, more highly connected R. vesiculosus-linked MNs. 5. Attributes of network nodes showed that hub trees were more important to MN topology on xeric than mesic sites, but the emergent structures of MNs were similar in the two soil moisture regimes. 6. Synthesis. This study suggests MNs formed between interior Douglas-fir trees and R. vesiculosus and R. vinicolor genets are resilient to the random loss of participants, and to soil water stress, but may be susceptible to the loss of large trees or fungal genets. Our results regarding the topology of MNs contribute to the understanding of forest stand dynamics and the resilience of forests to stress or disturbance.
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