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419 results for “mycorrhizal.”
Root and Mycorrhizal Respiration at Harvard Forest Soil Warming Experiments 2007-2008
Soil heating typically causes large initial increases in soil respiration, with the enhancement lessening over time. This transient response is attributed to rapid decomposition of labile soil C compounds in the first years of heating, but the potential role of changes in root and mycorrhizal respiration is not well understood. To assess the degree to which root respiration adjusts to warmer soil temperature regimes, specific root respiration rates (nmol CO2/g/s) are being measured in three soil warming experiments at Harvard Forest. Soils in the experiments had been heated since 1991, 2003 and 2006. Respiration rates for fine roots (less than 1 mm) from control and heated plots were measured both at a common reference temperature of 18 deg C and at the ambient soil temperature of the measurement date for the control and heated (+ 5 deg C) treatments. Mycorrhizal respiration is being assessed through the use of hyphal ingrowth bags which allow determination both mycorrhizal hyphal biomass and respiration rate. Changes in mycorrhizal community composition are also being investigated. Specific questions we will address include: Does rapid temperature acclimation occur in roots of large perennial woody plants? How do root biomass, root N concentration, and root respiration rates adjust to long-term changes in soil temperature and moisture and concomitant changes in N availability? How is mycorrhizal biomass and activity influenced by the effects of warmer soil temperatures on host C balance and soil N availability? How do the short- and long-term responses of roots and mycorrhizae to warming and associated changes in soil nutrient cycling affect soil CO2 efflux and C availability for aboveground NPP? Are the interrelationships between warmer soil temperature regimes and C fluxes to and from roots and mycorrhizae adequately described by current ecophysiological models?
Mycorrhizal fungal communities identified from seedlings planted in the Taylor, Dalton, and Boundary fire complexes which burned in 2004
This dataset contains the operational taxonomic unit table and taxonomic assignments for fungi that were associated with the roots of seedlings planted into the 2004 burn sites. There were 458 seedlings from 22 of the 32 established intensive sites (Johnstone and Hollingsworth 2019) consistenting of black spruce, white spruce, aspen, and lodgepole pine.
Black Jack Battlefield & Nature Park Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculation Study, Wellsville, KS, 2021-2022
Black Jack Battlefield & Nature Park (Wellsville, Kansas, USA) has a rich history of Indigenous stewardship, civil war conflict, agriculture, and, most recently, a decades-old ecological restoration of the tallgrass prairie ecosystem. To potentially aid this recovery, we tested the impact of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi cultured from regional remnant prairies on the survival and growth of 12 native prairie plant species. We grew these plants for a few weeks in the greenhouse with either sterile or AM fungi-inoculated soil. We then planted these into 24 experimental blocks with a 1x1 m field plot for each treatment (48 plots total) containing all 12 plant species when possible. We then tracked the survival and growth of the plants two weeks, about five months, and about fifteen months after planting. Growth was measured as height at all timepoints, and leaf number was included for most species in the latest timepoint. We found impacts of inoculation and species identity on both the survival and growth of the plants.
Multiple Element Limitation in Northern Hardwood Ecosystems (MELNHE): Root cores and mycorrhizal colonization
Root cores were obtained in 2010 (pre-treatment) from two soil depths, 0-10 cm and 30-50 cm, in two MELNHE stands, C5 and C7, at Bartlett Experimental Forest. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EM) colonization and root length were quantified in each core to determine if AM or EM was more prevalent in shallow or deep soils. Detailed description and analyses of these data can be found in: Nash, J.M., Diggs, F.M. & Yanai, R.D. Length and colonization rates of roots associated with arbuscular or ectomycorrhizal fungi decline differentially with depth in two northern hardwood forests. Mycorrhiza 32, 213–219 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-022-01071-8 These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal response to fire and urbanization in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Wildfires are increasing in frequency and intensity as drier and warmer climates increase plant detrital fuel loads. At the same time, increases in urbanization position 9% of fire-prone land within the US at the wildland-urban interface. While rarely studied, the compounded effects of urbanization and wildfires may have unknown synergistically negative effects on ecosystems. Previous studies at the wildland-urban interface often focus on aboveground plant communities, but belowground ecosystems may also be affected by this double disturbance. In particular, it is unclear how much fire and urbanization independently or interactively affect nutritional symbioses such as those between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and the majority of terrestrial plants. In November 2016, extreme drought conditions and long-term fire suppression combined to create a wildfire within the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP) and the neighboring exurban city of Gatlinburg, TN. To understand how the double disturbance of urbanization and fire affected AM fungal communities, we collected fine roots from the five dominant understory species in September 2018 at each of 18 sites spanning three burn severities in both exurban and natural sites. Despite large variation in burn severity, plant species identity had the largest influence on AM fungi. AM fungal colonization, richness, and composition all varied most among plant species. Fire and urbanization did influence some AM fungal metrics; colonization was lower in burned sites and composition was more variable among exurban locations. There were no interactions among burn severity and urbanization on AM fungi. Our results point to the large influence of plant species identity structuring this obligate nutritional symbiosis regardless of disturbance regime. Therefore, the majority of AM fungal taxa may be buffered from fire-induced ecosystem changes if plant community composition largely remains intact, plant species life history tr
Mycorrhizal Fungi of Native Red Pine Stands in the Forests of the Huron Mountains (1996-2015).
This data includes mycorrhizal fungi population data in Michigan’s Huron Mountains from 1996-2015 collected by Dana Ritcher. Seven stands consisting of primarily pine forests were surveyed for two separate sampling periods annually during the study period.
Soil respiration from a mycorrhizal and root exclusion experiment at Toolik Lake Field Station and Anaktuvuk River Burn, Alaska in 2016
Organic soil from either the Anaktuvik severe burn or Toolik Lake were collected to test of effect of removal of mycorrhizae on decompositon of tundra at Toolik Lake and the Anaktuvuk Burn IN 2016. A licor 6400 with 6400-09 soil respiration chamber was used to measure soil respiration (efflux) from the cores on a weekly basis.
CMY01 Mycorrhizal colonization and plant community responses to long-term suppression of Mycorrhizal Fungi
Twenty replicate permanent 2x2 m plots were established in early 1991 along a randomly located transect, with a 2m space between each plot, on the following watersheds: 1B, 1D, annually burned HQB, 10B, 20D and infrequently burned HQB. Ten of the plots were randomly assigned as long-term mycorrhizal suppression plots. In each of these plots, AM fungi were suppressed by the application of the fungicide benomyl as a soil drench (7.5 liters per plot) at the rate of 1.25 g/m2 (active ingredient). The mycorrhizal suppression plots were treated biweekly throughout each growing season (April through October) beginning in 1991. The control plots each received no fungicide, but an equivalent volume of water (7.5 liters) was applied biweekly. To evaluate the effectiveness of the fungicide, three soil cores (2.5 cm diameter x 14 cm deep) were removed from both fungicide-treated and control plots each October throughout the study. Roots were extracted from the soil, washed free of soil, stained in trypan blue (Phillips and Hayman, 1970), and examined microscopically to assess percentage root colonization by mycorrhizal fungi using a Petri dish scored in 1-cm squares (Daniels et al.1981).
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate endophytes root colonization in Upper Green Lakes Valley, 2007-2016
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate endophytes (DSE) are two fungal groups that colonize plant roots and can benefit plant growth, but little is known about their landscape distributions. We performed sequencing and microscopy on a variety of plants across a high-elevation landscape featuring plant density, snowpack, and nutrient gradients. Percent colonization by both AMF and DSE varied significantly among plant species, and DSE colonized forbs and grasses more than sedges. AMF were more abundant in roots at lower elevation areas with lower snowpack and lower phosphorus and nitrogen levels, suggesting increased hyphal recruitment by plants to aid in nutrient uptake. DSE colonization was highest in areas with less snowpack and higher inorganic nitrogen levels, suggesting an important role for these fungi in mineralizing organic nitrogen. Both of these groups of fungi are likely to be important for plant fitness and establishment in areas limited by phosphorus and nitrogen.
Gene family expansions underpin context-dependency of the oldest mycorrhizal symbiosis
<p>This Zenodo archive is associated with the manuscript:</p> <p>Hernandez, D.J., Pohlmann, G.B., Afkhami, M.E. (2025) <span>Gene family expansions provide molecular flexibility required for context-dependent species interactions.</span> Ecology Letters.</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>As environments worldwide change at unprecedented rates during the Anthropocene, understanding context-dependency – how species regulate interactions to match changing environments – is crucial. However, generalizable molecular mechanisms underpinning context-dependency remain elusive. Combining comparative genomics across 42 angiosperms with transcriptomics, genome-wide association mapping, and gene duplication origin analyses, we show for the first time that gene family expansions undergird context-dependent regulation of species interactions. Gene families expanded in mycorrhizal fungi-associating plants display up to 200% more context-dependent gene expression and double the genetic variation associated with mycorrhizal benefits to plant fitness. Moreover, we discover these gene family expansions arise primarily from tandem duplications with >2-times more tandem duplications genome-wide, indicating gene family expansions continuously supply genetic variation throughout plant evolution allowing fine-tuning of context-dependency in species interactions.</p>
Evolutionary dynamics of mycorrhizal symbiosis in land plant diversification - phylogenetic data
<p>This submission supplements the manuscript entitled <em>Evolutionary dynamics of mycorrhizal symbiosis in land plant diversification</em> by <strong>Frida A.A. Feijen, Rutger A. Vos, Jorinde Nuytinck & Vincent S.F.T. Merckx.</strong></p> <p>The contents of this submission are dating analysis results for rootings of the land plant topology. Contains the following files:</p> <ul> <li>*.log.gz BEAST logs</li> <li>*.trees.gz BEAST trees</li> <li>*.tiff screen dumps of tracer, showing the burn-in</li> <li>*.consensus.trees produced with treeannotator</li> </ul> <p><strong>For more information</strong>: https://github.com/naturalis/mycorrhiza/tree/v1.0.0</p>
Soil extracellular enzyme activities in plots dominated by trees that associate with arbuscular mycorrhizal or ectomycorrhizal fungi in the N fertilized and reference watershed at the Fernow Experimental Forest, WV.
Our objective was to detect possible differences in N fertilization responses of soil extracellular enzymes in plots dominated by trees that associate with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM) or ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM). To do this, we established a plot network of 6 AM and 6 ECM dominated 10 x 10 m plots in both the reference and N fertilized watersheds (N=24 plots) at the Fernow Experimental Forest, Parsons, WV. We assayed the potential activity of hydrolytic enzymes that release N (N-acetylglucosaminidase; NAG), phosphorus (acid phosphatase; AP), and simple carbon (ß-glucosidase; BG). In addition, we measured microbial allocation to complex C degrading oxidative enzymes phenol oxidase and peroxidase. The activities of these enzymes were measured separately in bulk mineral, rhizosphere, and organic horizon soils during the growing season in 2017.
Extracellular enzyme activities in plots dominated by trees that associate with arbuscular mycorrhizal or ectomycorrhizal fungi in the nitrogen fertilized and reference watershed at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine, USA during the final year of N fertilization (2016) and during the year after N fertilization ceased (2017).
Our objective was to detect possible differences in N fertilization responses of extracellular enzymes in plots dominated by trees that associate with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM) or ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM). To do this, we established a plot network of 6 AM and 6 ECM dominated (>65% diameter at breast height) 10 x 10 m plots in the lower elevation hardwood zone of both the reference and N fertilized watersheds (N=24 plots) at Bear Brook Watershed, in Maine USA. We assayed the potential activity of hydrolytic enzymes that release N (N-acetylglucosaminidase; NAG), phosphorus (acid phosphatase; AP), and simple carbon (ß-glucosidase; BG). The activities of these enzymes were measured separately in bulk mineral, rhizosphere, and organic horizon soils in the final year of N fertilization at Bear Brook in 2016 and during the year after N fertilization ceased in 2017.
Role of vegetation and coarse wood debris on soil processes and mycorrhizal mat distribution patterns at the Hi-15, Andrews Experimental Forest, 1994-1995
The main objective of this study was to determine if there were relationships between forest floor attributes such as the location of: (1) individual trees, (2) clusters of undergrowth vegetation, (3) coarse woody debris, (4) rocks and (5) topography and both soil characteristics and distribution patterns of ectomycorrhizal fungal mats. This data set includes mat, rock, wood, and moss distribution patterns (as presence or absence at each sampling node) as well as basic soil date taken at the same locations. The forest floor attributes were digitized using Esri ArcGIS. These GIS data layers are available as separate files in FSDB Database code SP029.
Observational study of post-fire mycorrhizal communities associated with resprouting Betula nana shrubs across a fire-severity gradient in the Anaktuvuk River Fire burn scar, 2009
The dataset contains fungal community data from a sampling campaign in 2009, two growing seasons after the Anaktuvuk River Fire. We used molecular tools, including ARISA and fungal ITS sequencing, to characterize the mycorrhizal communities on resprouting Betula nana shrubs across a fire-severity gradient. Summarized data can be viewed by site and provide information on richness and abundance of basidiomycetes and ascomycetes andChao1 and MaoTau estimators of richness.
ARISA fungal community profiles for each resprouting Betula nana shrub sampled in an observational study of post-fire mycorrhizal communities across a fire-severity gradient in the Anaktuvuk River Fire burn scar, 2010
The dataset contains fungal community data from a sampling campaign in 2009, two growing seasons after the Anaktuvuk River Fire. We used molecular tools, including ARISA and fungal ITS sequencing, to characterize the mycorrhizal communities on resprouting Betula nana shrubs across a fire-severity gradient. ARISA profiles are provided for each shrub sampled in the study.
Mycorrhizal colonization, age, and aboveground biomass (g) of Nothofagus pumilio seedlings harvested from Variable Retention treatments at Los Cerros Ranch, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina.
This dataset contains data on Nothofagus pumilio seedlings sampled from a Variable Retention (VR) managed forest in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina seven years after harvesting. We evaluated the effects of a VR timber management system on the EMF community associated with N. pumilio seedlings. We quantified the abundance, composition, and diversity of EMF across aggregate (AR) and dispersed retention (DR) sites within a VR managed area and compared them to primary forest (PF) stands. EMF assemblage and taxonomic identities were determined by ITS-rDNA sequencing of individual root tips sampled from 280 seedlings across three landscape replicates of each VR treatment. To better understand seedling performance, we tested the relationships between fungal colonization, fungal taxonomic composition, seedling biomass, and VR treatment across our study sites. This data was collected as a comparative component to a larger project understanding the effect of mycorrizhae on seedling success after various disturbances such as logging and fire that was ongoing at the Bonanza Creek LTER and other arctic locations.
Ranunculus adoneus mycorrhizal data for Saddle 1990 - 1991.
Ranunculus adoneus plants were collected bi-weekly from Niwot Ridge Saddle grid stake 34 during the 1990 and 1991 growing seasons. Development of mycorrhizal and other fungi within plant roots was quantified. Distinct patterns of mycorrhizal development were observed and corresponded with phosporus accumulation in R. adoneus. This accumulation occurred late in the growing season after seed set, when plants were producing new tissues for the next year and appears to allow the plants to bloom the next year when snowmelt begins.
Effect of Long-Term Nitrogen Fertilization on Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated with a Dominant Grass in a Chihuahuan Desert Grassland at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (2005)
We studied the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in a semiarid grassland and the effect of long-term nitrogen (N) fertilization on this fungal community. Root samples of Bouteloua gracilis were collected at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge (New Mexico, USA) from control and N-amended plots that have been fertilized since 1995. Small subunit rDNA was amplified using AMF specific primers NS31 and AM1. The diversity of AMF was low in comparison with other ecosystems, only seven operational taxonomic units (OTU) were found in B. gracilis and all belong to the genus Glomus. The dominant OTU was closely related to the ubiquitous G. intraradices/G. fasciculatum group. N-amended plots showed a reduction in the abundance of the dominant OTU and an increase in AMF diversity. The greater AMF diversity in roots from N-amended plots may have been the result of displacement of the dominant OTU, which facilitated detection of uncommon AMF. The long-term implications of AMF responses to N enrichment for plant carbon allocation and plant community structure remain unclear.
Proteomic analysis reveals different molecular mechanisms to face water deficit in mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal sorghum plants
<p>Differential accumulated proteins in response to water deficit in mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal sorghum plants were recovered from 2D gels and identified by HPLC-MSMS. MS analysis was performed by a Nano acquity nanoflow LC system (Waters, Milford, MA, USA) coupled to a linear ion trap (LTQ) velos mass spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bremen, Germany) equipped with a nanoelectrospray ion source.</p>
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