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177 results for “native diversity”
Manipulating a host-native microbial strain compensates for low microbial diversity by increasing weight gain in a wild bird population
<h1>Manipulating a host-native microbial strain compensates for low microbial diversity by increasing weight gain in a wild bird population</h1> <h1> </h1> <p>These files contain data on bacteria present in the guts of wild great tit (Parus major) obtained from faecal samples and sequenced using Illumina MiSeq. These data resulted from an experiment which provided supplementary mealworms at the nest during the breeding season at number of woodland sites in Cork, Ireland. Approximately half of these nests were given mealworms covered in a freeze dried bacterial powder containing the bacteria Lactobacillus kimchicus, which had been isolated from great tit faeces from the previous season. This treatment aimed to disrupt the gut microbiota of the treatment birds in order to provide evidence for the gut microbiotas role in birds health and fitness. Included here are the 3 elements necessary to create a 'phyloseq object' containing the sample metadata, ASV (Amplicon Sequence Variant) count table and a taxonomy table. The metadata file includes the alpha diversity scores for each individual. The data include all negative control samples taken during sample collection and library preparation, which were removed before the main analyses. All analyses, except for the beta-diversity analyses, were conducted in R. All R code is available on GitHub (https://github.com/shan-e-s\). Raw Sequence data are available in the European Nucleotide Archive under access number PRJEB74941, and ERS18960426-ERS18960697.</p> <h2> </h2> <h2>## Description of the data and file structure </h2> <p>Taxonomy, ASV and metadata files required to create a phyloseq object in R. metadata.csv file contains data on individual birds (i.e. individual samples). The metadata includes descriptions of the bird itself and it's environment, namely:</p> <ul> <li>Rownames: unique sample ID for each sample, corresponds with asvTable.csv. </li> <li>Nest: unique identifier for the nest box associated with the bird being sampled. </li> <li>Sample.ID: unique identifier for the faecal sample or control sample.</li> <li>Bird.ID: Identity of the bird the sample came from, note some individuals sampled twice so some bird.ID's may reoccur in metadata with different Sample.ID.</li> <li>Date: Date the sample was taken dd/mm/yyyy.</li> <li>Day: Date the sample was taken, in days since 1st March.</li> <li>Ring.Mark: British Trust for Ornithology (BTO) metal ring ID where applicable. Birds only ringed at D15 so some young birds do not have IDRings.</li> <li>Site: ID of woodland site that bird was sampled at.</li> <li>Chick.LetterID: ID letter differentiates between different birds from the same nest. Either 'A'-'F' for nestlings, 'Fe' for females or 'M' for males.</li> <li>Age.code: BTO age code.</li> <li>Age.category: Age category that bird is in. D8 = 8 days post hatching, D15 = 15 days post hatching, adult = 1+ years post hatching.</li> <li>Sex: Bird's sex, only determined for adult birds. Fe = Female, M = Male.</li> <li>Wing_mm: Wing length in mm.</li> <li>Tarsus_mm: minimum tarsus length of bird in mm.</li> <li>Weight_g: bird's weight in grams.</li> <li>Faecal.Sample: bird's age at sampling.</li> <li>newRing: whether bird was fitted with a new BTO ring. Only relevant to adults.</li> <li>Treatment: the experimental treatment group that the bird was in. Either 'Treatment' when nest given L. kimchicus treated mealworms or 'Control' when nest given plain mealworms.</li> <li>Notes: field notes.</li> <li>Main.sample: indicates whether this sample was the main sample to be used for analysis, an alternative sample taken as a backup.</li> <li>Plate: the ID of the PCR plate which the sample was amplified on.</li> <li>Azenta_noPeriod: sample ID given to sequencing facility without special characters. Corresponds to fastq files and ASV table counts.</li> <li>Qubit_prePool: samples qubit score before pooling.</li> <li>Date_extracted: date the sample was extracted on dd/mm/yyyy.</li> <li>SampleType: whehther the sample was a 'main' sample intended for downstream analysis, a 'control' sample for detecting contamination during library preparation, a 'duplicate' for detecting PCR issues, a 'label_error' where sample was suspected of being mislabelled at some point, a 'repeat' sample intended to detect errors or issues, a 'contam' sample which was suspected of being contaminated, a 'common' sample used across different PCR plates to detect issues. Extraction_notes: notes regarding the DNA extraction of the sample. </li> <li>LibPrep_notes: notes regarding the library preparation of the sample.</li> <li>Ring.Mark.lab: the ring or sample ID written on the sample tube, recorded to help detect mislabelling.</li> <li>Post_lab_notes: notes regarding issues found post sequencing.</li> <li>NumberOfReads: number of sequence reads associated with the sample. </li> <li>DistanceToEdge: distance between nest and woodland edge in metres. </li> <li>BroodSize.D8: number of nestlings in the nest at day-8 post hatching. </li> <li>BroodSize.D15: number of nestlings in the nest at day-15 post hatching.</li> <li>firstEggLayDate: Date the first egg in the clutch was laid, in days since 1st March.</li> <li>lastEggLayDate: Date the last egg in the clutch was laid, in days since 1st March.</li> <li>Observed: number of unique ASV's (or taxa) detected in the sample.</li> <li>Chao1: Chao1 diversity of the sample.</li> <li>Shannon: Shannon diversity of the sample.</li> </ul> <p>The file 'taxonomy.csv' contains the taxonomic breakdown of each bacterial Amplicon Sequence Variant (ASV) found in the dataset from Phylum to Species. Obtained by using the Naive Bayes Classifier against the Silva (v138) taxonomic database.</p> <p>The file 'asvTable.csv' contains counts of each amplicon sequence variant's occurrence for each individual sample. Samples are rows and taxa are columns.</p> <p> </p> <h2>Sharing/Access information </h2> <p>All R code is available on GitHub (https://github.com/shan-e-s\). Raw Sequence data are available in the European Nucleotide Archive under access number PRJEB74941, and ERS18960426-ERS18960697.</p>
Baltimore Ecosystem Study: Increased diversity of the regional species pool via seeding augments establishment of native species in experimental vacant lot restorations
The harsh geophysical template characterized by the urban environment combined with people’s choices has led ecologists to invoke environmental filtering as the main ecological phenomena explaining urban biodiversity patterns. Yet, dispersal is often overlooked as a driving factor, especially on expanding vacant land. Does overcoming dispersal limitation by seeding native species in urban environments and increasing the functional or phylogenetic diversity of the seeding pool increase native plant species diversity and abundance in urban vacant land? We took an experimental approach to learn how different dimensions of plant biodiversity within an augmented regional species pool, via seed additions, can explain variation in community structure over a 3-year period. Vacant lots were cleared and manipulated with seeding treatments of high or low phylogenetic and functional diversities from a pool of 28 native species. Establishment success, total native cover and native species richness were followed and compared to cleared, unseeded control lots as well as un-manipulated lots. Seeding increased native plant abundance and richness over uncleared plots, as well as cleared and unseeded control plots. Phylogenetically diverse seed mixtures had greater establishment success than mixtures composed of closely related species. Diversifying seed mixtures increased the likelihood of including species that are better able to establish on vacant land. However, there were no differences in varying levels of either functional or phylogenetic diversity. Augmenting the regional species pool via diverse seed mixtures can enhance native plant cover and richness under the harsh environmental conditions conferred by land abandonment.
Soil pH, developmental stages and geographical origin differently influence the root metabolomic diversity and root-related microbial diversity of Echium vulgare from native habitats
<p>R Studio codes and ASV table used to analyze the microbiome data of our Echium vulgare microbial ecology experiment. </p>
Data for Hogan et al. 2024: "Basal bark herbicide treatment of Lonicera maackii (Amur honeysuckle) is effective regardless of application timing, with limited nontarget effects on native plant diversity"
<p>Data to accompany the following publication, currently in press:</p> <p>Hogan, K.F.E., K.Baker, E.M. Bach, N.A. Barber. Basal bark herbicide treatment of Lonicera maackii (Amur honeysuckle) is e ective regardless of application timing, with limited nontarget e ects on native plant diversity. In press, Ecological Solutions and Evidence</p> <p> </p> <p>Paper abstract: </p> <p><span>Managers tasked with controlling invasive species require effective methods that are quick and easy to use without inflicting extensive nontarget damage, while also being compatible with other scheduled management responsibilities. <em>Lonicera maackii</em> (Amur honeysuckle) is a non-native shrub that has invaded eastern and midwestern North American deciduous forests, altering ecosystem function and reducing biodiversity. </span><span>This study explores prescribed fire and seasonal basal applications of triclopyr ester as control methods and examines the extent of nontarget damage. We used paired-split plots to implement basal bark treatments in different seasons within burned and unburned units, and we tracked individual<em> L. maackii</em> to determine mortality and hyperlocal impacts of management. </span><span>Basal bark treatments killed 98.4% of <em>L. maackii</em> across seasonal timings. Nontarget plant cover immediately declined similarly for all herbicide application seasons, but the early- and late-spring treatments showing signs of recovery within four years. Meanwhile, species richness showed biologically small but statistically different declines across all treatment times. Prescribed fire did not impact <em>L. maackii </em>mortality or interact with herbicide efficacy. </span><span>Basal bark applications of triclopyr are an effective means of <em>L. maackii</em> control regardless of application timing, which allows managers to implement it at their convenience to avoid interfering with other management tasks that have time constraints.</span></p>
Data from: Chrysolaena obovata, A SPECIES NATIVE OF BRAZILIAN CERRADO: GENETIC DIVERSITY AND STRUCTURE OF NATURAL POPULATIONS AND POTENTIAL FOR INULIN PRODUCTION
<p><em>Chrysolaena obovata</em> (Less.) M. Dematteis, an herbaceous Asteraceae species widely distributed across different Brazilian Cerrado physiognomies, has underground organs, named rhizophores, that accumulate high concentrations of inulin-type fructans. These carbohydrates are recognized as beneficial soluble fibers for human health and are currently used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Considering that fructans, in addition to their economic potential, provide plants with greater tolerance to drought, heat and cold, it is important to understand whether their metabolism is conserved in natural populations. In this work, we aimed to investigate if the levels of genetic diversity in the populations studied allow the selection of localities with a high genetic base and higher fructan content for future programs of <em>in</em> <em>situ</em> conservation and genetic improvement for inulin production. Therefore, we characterized the diversity, structure, and gene flow of seven natural populations from Brazilian Cerrado, using nine microsatellite loci (SSR). In addition, we compared whether the fructan composition varied between populations of different Cerrado phytophysiognomies. Overall, we found that <em>C. obovata</em> populations exhibited moderate levels of genetic diversity, low genetic differentiation, and high gene flow. This study identified two populations with less genetic diversity and therefore, greater attention should be given to conservation programs including these populations. Fructan metabolism is conserved in all populations, indicating that <em>C. obovata</em> is an important genetic resource with high potential for inulin production.</p> <p><strong>File descriptions</strong></p> <p>Population_code.txt - Contains a matrix that indicates the population_code, Population_name, Brazilian-state, Phytophysiognomy, Collection coordinates and Altitudes (m).</p> <p>Date_ Diaz et al.xlsx – Contains Genotypes crude of the individuals analyzed. Primer used for nine microsatellite loci (Camacho <em>et al</em> 2017). </p> <p>Carbohydrates_Diaz et al - Contains data for carbohydrates in <em>C. obovata</em> plant rhizophores in each population (BRA, UB, SD, SP).</p> <p><strong>Location: Brazilian Cerrado</strong></p>
FIGURE 4 in Drastic reduction of the functional diversity of native ichthyofauna in a Neotropical lake following invasion by piscivorous fishes
FIGURE 4 | Temporal changes in species richness (dashed lines) and functional richness (FRic; continous lines) of the ichthyofauna from Carioca Lake, Middle Rio Doce basin, state of Minas Gerais, considering two scenarios: "all species", including native and non-native; and "only native species" (left figures). Plotted values expressed as a proportion to the maximum richness. The arrows represent the first records of the introduced piscivorous Cichla kelberi (in 1985) and Pygocentrus nattereri (in 1992) in the system. The upper plots represent the functional space (only two dimensions for simplify visualization), with polygons indicating the proportion filled by the set of species (FRic) in each year. Right figures illustrate the functional space showing the position of each species. Green and blue colors indicate, respectively, the native and introduced species, and crosses indicate native species extirpated from the lake. Codes at the ends of the arrows are the most important ecomorphological traits for each axis of the PCA (for functional trait and species codes, see Tab. 1 and Tab. S2).
FIGURE 3 in Drastic reduction of the functional diversity of native ichthyofauna in a Neotropical lake following invasion by piscivorous fishes
FIGURE 3 | Compositional change of the ichthyofauna from Carioca Lake, Middle Rio Doce basin state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. Green and blue squares indicate, respectively, the presence of native and introduced species in each year.
FIGURE 1 in Drastic reduction of the functional diversity of native ichthyofauna in a Neotropical lake following invasion by piscivorous fishes
FIGURE 1 | The lacustrine system of the Middle Rio Doce basin, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The green polygon delimits the area of the Rio Doce State Park (PERD) and the white circle indicates the location of Carioca Lake.
FIGURE 2 in Drastic reduction of the functional diversity of native ichthyofauna in a Neotropical lake following invasion by piscivorous fishes
FIGURE 2 | Morphometric measures taken from digital pictures: CPd – caudal-peduncle minimal depth, CFd – caudal-fin maximum depth, CFs – caudal-fin surface, PFi – distance from pectoral-fin insertion to the bottom of the body, PFb – body depth at the level of the pectoral-fin insertion, PFl – pectoral-fin length, PFs – pectoral-fin surface, Hd – head depth along the vertical axis of the eye, Ed – eye diameter, Eh – distance from the center of the eye to the bottom of the head, Mo – distance from the tip of the upper jaw to the bottom of the head along the head depth axis. Adapted from Leitão et al. (2016).
Native plant diversity creates microbial legacies that either promote or suppress non-natives, depending on drought history
<p>High-diverse native plant communities resist non-native plants more strongly than low-diverse communities, in part through resource competition. Yet, the role of soil biota is largely unknown, although non-native plants interact with soil biota. Here, we tested the responses of non-native plants to soil conditioned by different native plant diversities. We applied well-watered and dry treatments in the conditioning and response phases to explore the effects of historical and contemporary environmental stresses. Historical water conditions determined the effects of native diversity via soil biota on responding non-natives grown in well-watered environments. Non-native growth decreased with native species richness for well-watered soil inocula but increased for dry soil inocula. However, non-native growth in dry environments did not depend on conditioning native species richness of soil inocula. We provide a new understanding of mechanisms behind diversity-invasibility relationships and demonstrate that temporal variation in environmental stress shapes relationships among native plant diversity, soil biota, and non-native plants.</p>
Figure 1 in The value of regular monitoring and diverse sampling techniques to assess aquatic non-native species: a case study from Orkney
Figure 1. Locations of the monitoring sites. A: North of Orkney Mainland and northern isles, B: Scapa Flow and southern isles. For corresponding site names refer to Supplementary material Table S1.
Figure 3 in The value of regular monitoring and diverse sampling techniques to assess aquatic non-native species: a case study from Orkney
Figure 3. The total number of sites for which each non-native or cryptogenic species has been recorded for each sampling method for 2016 and 2017. NB: Only species recorded in these two years are reported in this figure. Abbreviations: Cm: Caprella mutica, As: Ascidiella scabra, Bh: Bonnemaisonia hamifera, Sj: Schizoporella japonica, Ce: Corella eumyota, Aa: Ascidiella aspersa, Cp: Colpomenia peregrina, Cf: Codium fragile ssp. fragile, Ti: Tricellaria inopinata, Ah: Asterocarpa humilis, Bs: Botryllus schlosseri, Bl: Botrylloides leachii, Mh: Melanothamnus harveyi, Bf: Bugulina fulva, Dj: Dasysiphonia japonica, Jm: Jassa marmorata, Mi: Monocorophium insidiosum, Ma: Monocorophium acherusicum, Cs: Ctenodrilus serratus, Tj: Telmatogeton japonicus, Pa: Potamopyrgus antipodarum, Cb: Crassicorophium bonellii, Dl: Diplosoma listerianum.
Figure 2 in The value of regular monitoring and diverse sampling techniques to assess aquatic non-native species: a case study from Orkney
Figure 2. The total number of non-native and cryptogenic species recorded at each monitoring location (2012–2017).
Data & Analysis Script for: Phylogenetic relatedness to native congeners drives insect abundance and diversity hosted by non-native trees
<p>The dataset contains all necessary data to reproduce the findings presented in Schweiger et al. 2023 - Phylogenetic relatedness to native congeners drives insect abundance and diversity hosted by non-native trees (submitted).</p> <p>The code necessary to reproduce the findings is included within this repository. The code contains comments. Please note, if you want to reproduce the findings you will have to change file path information matching your personal computer to be able to re-run the code.</p> <p>This data includes the biodiversity raw data collected for the manuscript. It <strong>does not </strong>include data used to calculate geographic, climatic or phylogenetic distances, as these data are freely available and necessary information to reproduce calculations are given within the Material & Methods section.</p> <p>All data is provided within one Excel file. Please, pay attention to the provided ReadMe sheet containing metadata information on the dataset.</p> <p>Please carefully read provided information within ReadMe, Metadata and Code description.</p>
Fig. 3 in Gastrointestinal parasite diversity of South American camelids (Artiodactyla: Camelidae): First review throughout the native range of distribution
Fig. 3. Parasitic richness of South American camelid throught the native distribution range based on data available to date.
Fig. 2 in Gastrointestinal parasite diversity of South American camelids (Artiodactyla: Camelidae): First review throughout the native range of distribution
Fig. 2. Geographical location of the documents compiled in the present review (red dots). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Supporting dataset to "Understanding ladybird beetle diversity in native and hu-man-modified landscapes in the San Cristóbal Island, Gala-pagos Archipelago, Ecuador"
<p>Supporting dataset to the paper Peñaherrera-Romero E, Guerrero-Campoverde A, Rueda-Rodríguez MP, Dávila-Játiva M, Die-Morejón D, Domínguez-Trujillo M, Guerrero-Molina T, Vélez-Darquea E, Cisneros-Heredia DF. (2024) Ladybird Beetle Diversity in Natural and Human-Modified Habitats in the San Cristóbal Island, Galapagos, Ecuador. <em>Insects</em> 15(9):725. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15090725">https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15090725</a></p>
Fig. 47 in The non-native freshwater fishes of Hong Kong: diversity, distributions, and origins
Fig. 47. Poecilia sphenops (melanistic variety), Lam Tsuen River, note damaged dorsal fin, photographed by Chun Hin Wan.
Fig. 53 in The non-native freshwater fishes of Hong Kong: diversity, distributions, and origins
Fig. 53. Distribution of non-native freshwater fish species in Hong Kong. Each record was location and species-specific, which means that multiple records of one species in the same locality were represented only once in the heatmap. In total there are 999 locality records for 93 species (two species have unknown distribution) and five hybrids.
Fig. 52 in The non-native freshwater fishes of Hong Kong: diversity, distributions, and origins
Fig. 52. First records of non-native freshwater fish species from 1930 to 2022 and their suspected introduction sources.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.