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41 results for “native promoters”
Invasive grass litter suppresses a native grass species and promotes disease
Plant litter can alter ecosystems and promote plant invasions by altering resource availability, depositing phytotoxins, and transmitting microorganisms to living plants. Transmission of microorganisms from invasive plant litter to live plants may gain importance as invasive plants, which often escape pathogens upon introduction to a new range, acquire new pathogens over time. It is unclear, however, if invasive plant litter affects native plant communities by promoting disease. Microstegium vimineum is an invasive grass that suppresses native populations, in part through litter production, and has acquired new fungal leaf spot diseases since its introduction to the United States. In a greenhouse experiment, we evaluated how M. vimineum litter and its pathogens mediated competition with the native grass Elymus virginicus. Microstegium vimineum litter promoted disease on E. virginicus and suppressed establishment and biomass of both species. Litter had stronger negative effects on E. virginicus than M. vimineum, increasing the relative biomass of M. vimineum. Live plant competition reduced biomass of both species and live M. vimineum increased disease incidence on E. virginicus. Altogether, invasive grass litter suppressed both species, ultimately favoring the invasive species in competition, and increased disease incidence on the native species.
Analytical kinetic model of native tandem promoters in E. coli
<p><span>Closely spaced promoters in tandem formation are abundant in bacteria. We investigated the evolutionary conservation, biological functions, and the RNA and single-cell protein expression of genes regulated by tandem promoters in <i>E. coli</i>. We also studied the sequence (distance between transcription start sites '<i>d<sub>TSS</sub>'</i>,<i> </i>pause sequences, and distances from oriC) and potential influence of the input transcription factors of these promoters. From this, we propose an analytical model of gene expression based on measured expression dynamics, where RNAP-promoter occupancy times and <i>d<sub>TSS</sub> </i>are the key regulators of transcription interference due to TSS occlusion by RNAP at one of the promoters (when <i>d<sub>TSS</sub> </i>≤ 35 bp) and RNAP occupancy of the downstream promoter (when <i>d<sub>TSS</sub> </i>> 35 bp). Occlusion and downstream promoter occupancy are modeled as linear functions of occupancy time, while the influence of <i>d<sub>TSS</sub> i</i>s implemented by a continuous step function, fit to <i>in vivo</i> data on mean single-cell protein numbers of 30 natural genes controlled by tandem promoters. The best-fitting step is at 35 bp, matching the length of DNA occupied by RNAP in the open complex formation. This model accurately predicts the squared coefficient of variation and skewness of the natural single-cell protein numbers as a function of <i>d<sub>TSS</sub></i>. Additional predictions suggest that promoters in tandem formation can cover a wide range of transcription dynamics within realistic intervals of parameter values. By accurately capturing the dynamics of these promoters, this model can be helpful to predict the dynamics of new promoters and contribute to the expansion of the repertoire of expression dynamics available to synthetic genetic constructs.</span></p>
Native plant diversity creates microbial legacies that either promote or suppress non-natives, depending on drought history
<p>High-diverse native plant communities resist non-native plants more strongly than low-diverse communities, in part through resource competition. Yet, the role of soil biota is largely unknown, although non-native plants interact with soil biota. Here, we tested the responses of non-native plants to soil conditioned by different native plant diversities. We applied well-watered and dry treatments in the conditioning and response phases to explore the effects of historical and contemporary environmental stresses. Historical water conditions determined the effects of native diversity via soil biota on responding non-natives grown in well-watered environments. Non-native growth decreased with native species richness for well-watered soil inocula but increased for dry soil inocula. However, non-native growth in dry environments did not depend on conditioning native species richness of soil inocula. We provide a new understanding of mechanisms behind diversity-invasibility relationships and demonstrate that temporal variation in environmental stress shapes relationships among native plant diversity, soil biota, and non-native plants.</p>
Data for: Mimicking functional elements of the natural flow regime promotes native fish recovery in a regulated river
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Native plant diversity generates microbial legacies that either promote or suppress non-natives, depending on drought history
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Analytical kinetic model of native tandem promoters in E. coli
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Data from: Land-use intensity and relatedness to native plants promote exotic plant invasion in a tropical biodiversity hotspot
<p>Exotic plant invasions threaten biodiversity and are costly to farmers. Land use is a major pathway promoting the spread of exotic plant species; however, little is known about the processes underlying the success of exotic plants in tropical agricultural landscapes. Focussing on the heterogeneous smallholder landscapes of north-eastern Madagascar, we studied exotic plants of understorey communities across a land-use intensity gradient from unburned lands (old-growth forests, forest fragments, and forest-derived vanilla agroforests) to burned ones (fallow-derived vanilla agroforests, woody fallows, and herbaceous fallows). </p> <p>We quantified the absolute species richness, abundance, and cover of exotic plants across land-use types and their proportional contribution to community richness, abundance, and cover as indicators of exotic plant invasion. We tested for the effects of land-use parameters, namely land-use history, canopy closure, and landscape-level forest cover, on exotic plants. Additionally, we tested whether the phylogenetic relatedness between exotic and native species in the same plot affected invasion success, testing Darwin's naturalization and pre-adaptation hypotheses. </p> <p>All indicators of exotic plant invasion were lowest in old-growth forests and forest fragments and highest in fallow-derived vanilla agroforests, woody fallows, and herbaceous fallows. Absolute and proportional exotic richness was negatively affected by canopy closure, and landscapes with high forest cover had lower proportions of exotic plant richness. High phylogenetic relatedness between exotics and natives was associated with lower proportional richness but higher proportions of exotics in abundance and cover. However, individual exotic species showed contrasting responses to land-use parameters and relatedness to natives.</p> <p>Synthesis and applications: Our results indicate that maintaining unburned lands, land-use types with dense canopies, and landscapes with high forest cover prevents the spread of exotic plants within agricultural landscapes of north-eastern Madagascar. Supporting Darwin's pre-adaptation hypothesis, exotic plants phylogenetically closely related to native plants are more likely to become successful invaders in terms of abundance and cover. Nevertheless, individual species show different responses to land-use changes and phylogenetic relatedness. Therefore, land-use decisions and management choices can be tailored to limit the spread of exotic species and to preserve native plants in this global biodiversity hotspot.</p>
Promoting Community Conversations About Research to End Native Youth Suicide in Rural Alaska
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03661255. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 27.
Data from: Land-use intensity and relatedness to native plants promote exotic plant invasion in a tropical biodiversity hotspot
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Data for: Promoting beneficial arthropods in urban agroecosystems: Focus on flowers, maybe not native plants
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Data from: Adaptive responses to cool climate promotes persistence of a non-native lizard
Successful establishment and range expansion of non-native species often require rapid accommodation of novel environments. Here, we use common-garden experiments to demonstrate parallel adaptive evolutionary response to a cool climate in populations of wall lizards (Podarcis muralis) introduced from southern Europe into England. Low soil temperatures in the introduced range delay hatching, which generates directional selection for a shorter incubation period. Non-native lizards from two separate lineages have responded to this selection by retaining their embryos for longer before oviposition—hence reducing the time needed to complete embryogenesis in the nest—and by an increased developmental rate at low temperatures. This divergence mirrors local adaptation across latitudes and altitudes within widely distributed species and suggests that evolutionary responses to climate can be very rapid. When extrapolated to soil temperatures encountered in nests within the introduced range, embryo retention and faster developmental rate result in one to several weeks earlier emergence compared with the ancestral state. We show that this difference translates into substantial survival benefits for offspring. This should promote short- and long-term persistence of non-native populations, and ultimately enable expansion into areas that would be unattainable with incubation duration representative of the native range.
Data from: Competition alters seasonal resource selection and promotes use of invasive shrubs by an imperiled native cottontail
1. Many ecosystems face multiple invaders, and interactions among invasive and native species may complicate conservation efforts for imperiled species. Examination of fine-scale resource selection can be used to detect patterns in habitat selection resulting from species interactions and assess the value of specific resources, including invasive plants, to wildlife. 2. We used animal location data with mixed-effects resource selection models to examine seasonal competitive interactions and species-specific selection for forage and cover resources by an imperiled native lagomorph, the New England cottontail Sylvilagus transitionalis and its non-native competitor, the eastern cottontail S. floridanus in the eastern Hudson Valley, NY. 3. We found evidence that resource selection by New England cottontails depended on the relative prevalence of eastern cottontails to New England cottontails. Where eastern cottontails were less prevalent New England cottontail selected for resources characteristic of early-successional shrublands. Where eastern cottontails were more prevalent, New England cottontails selected for resources characteristic of later-successional shrublands. 4. New England cottontail use of certain invasive shrubs depended on the prevalence of eastern cottontails relative to New England cottontails, suggesting response to invasive plants is confounded by interactions with a non-native competitor. 5. Our results further emphasize the need for conservation efforts to consider invasive management within the ecosystem context. We demonstrate the utility of resource selection studies to assist in this regard by exploring competitive interactions in the absence of removal studies, while simultaneously assessing the impact of habitat components such as invasive vegetation on species of conservation concern. 6. Synthesis and applications Resource selection studies can be directly applied to inform ongoing species conservation where multiple invaders are present or where species interactions influence resource selection. Fine-scale assessments of resource selection, similar to those presented here, can be used to selectively manage habitat to benefit desired species within the ecosystem context.
Richness, not evenness, of invasive plant species promotes invasion success into native plant communities via selection effects
<p>Native plant communities are often invaded by multiple alien species. It is still unclear how increasing diversity of alien invasive species suppresses the growth of native species and thus contributes to invasion success. In the subtropical monsoon region of Southeast China, we experimentally created a native plant community with 18 herbaceous species. One week later, we let it be invaded by either zero (controls without invasion), one, two, four or eight alien plant species, with either high or low species evenness. After a four-month growth period we harvested the aboveground biomass of each species. We found that increasing invasive species richness significantly increased invasive plant biomass, the biomass of all invasive and native plant species within the community, and invasion success (the ratio of invasive plant biomass to the biomass of all native and invasive plants), but it did not significantly reduce native plant biomass. Experimentally manipulating invasive species evenness did not influence invasion success and did not show any differential suppression effects on native plants. One invasive species, Sesbania cannabina, became dominant in terms of plant biomass, irrespective of its proportion in the alien plant mixtures. Throughout this experiment, effects of invasive species richness on invasion success were mainly due to such selection effects among the invasive species. On the other hand, the unchanged biomass of native species under increasing invasive plant richness suggests the presence of at least partly complementary resource niches between invasive and native species.</p>
The Ku Ola Project: Enhancing Health Promotion Among Native Hawaiian Men.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06964633. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 6.
Protecting Our Future Generation: Promotion of Protective Sexual Health Practices Among Native American Youth and Young Adults Through an Assets-based Self-care Intervention
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03895320. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Richness, not evenness, of invasive plant species promotes invasion success into native plant communities via selection effects
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Data from: Competition alters seasonal resource selection and promotes use of invasive shrubs by an imperiled native cottontail
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Data from: Increases and fluctuations in nutrient availability do not promote dominance of alien plants in synthetic communities of common natives
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Data from: Adaptive responses to cool climate promotes persistence of a non-native lizard
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Homeowner Associations as a vehicle for promoting native urban biodiversity
The loss of habitat due to suburban and urban development represents one of the greatest threats to biodiversity. Conservation developments have emerged as a key player for reconciling new ex-urban residential development with ecosystem services. However, since more than half of the world population live in urban and suburban developments, identifying conservation partners to facilitate with retrofitting existing residential neighborhoods becomes paramount. Homeowner Associations (HOA) manage a significant proportion of residential developments in the United States, which includes the landscape design for yards and gardens. These areas have the potential to mitigate the loss of urban biodiversity when they provide habitat for native wildlife. Therefore the conditions and restrictions imposed upon the homeowner by the HOA could have profound effects on the local wildlife habitat. We explored the potential of HOAs to promote conservation by synthesizing research from three monitoring programs from Phoenix, AZ. We compared native bird diversity, arthropod diversity, and plant diversity between neighborhoods with and without an HOA. Neighborhoods belonging to HOAs had significantly greater bird and plant diversity, though insect diversity did not differ. The institutional framework structuring HOAs including sanctions for enforcement coupled with a predictable maintenance regime that introduces regular disturbance might explain why neighborhoods with an HOA had greater bird diversity. For neighborhoods with an HOA, we analyzed landscape form and management practices. We linked these features with ecological function and suggested how to modify management practices by adopting strategies from the Sustainable Sites Initiative, an international sustainable landscaping program, to help support biodiversity in current and future residential landscapes.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.