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20 results for “native trout”
Video S4 - Angling for Restored Native Cutthroat Trout
<p><strong>Video S4.</strong> Yellowstone cutthroat trout recovery results in large adults returning to tributaries of the upper Yellowstone River to spawn. Sustained gillnetting suppression of invasive lake trout is allowing for a recovery of native Yellowstone cutthroat trout. Although abundances remain below target levels, the relative weights (condition) of cutthroat trout have increased, large individuals (400+ mm) are more prevalent, and individual weights have more than doubled over the past four decades. Cutthroat trout from Yellowstone Lake make long-distance (> 40 km) spawning migrations upstream from Yellowstone National Park and into the remote headwaters of the upper Yellowstone River in the Bridger-Teton Wilderness, Wyoming, USA. Here, Liz Storer, Wyoming Storer Foundation and Jason Burckhardt, Wyoming Game and Fish Department are fly-fishing for the migratory cutthroat trout in Atlantic Creek during early July, 2019. The cutthroat trout transport lake-derived nutrients into these remote headwaters in U.S. Forest Service lands, highlighting the importance of large, unfragmented, highly protected watersheds such as those of Greater Yellowstone. Partnerships with the Storer Foundation, the Wyoming Game and Fish Department, and numerous others developed over the past 25 years were the driving force behind the initial recovery of cutthroat trout and restoration of this ecosystem.</p>
Video S1 - Native Cutthroat Trout and the Yellowstone Lake Ecosystem
<p><strong>Video S1.</strong> The Yellowstone Lake ecosystem in Yellowstone National Park. Following glacial recession, cutthroat trout evolved as the sole salmonid and dominant fish within Yellowstone Lake and its connected river network. Yellowstone Lake is a large aquatic system on the Yellowstone Plateau (2,357 m in elevation) with a highly protected watershed (> 3200 km2) located within Yellowstone National Park and the Bridger-Teton Wilderness of Wyoming, USA. Powerboat access is limited to only two locations, and most of the shoreline lies in protected (federally proposed) wilderness. Thermal structure of the lake is typically unstable with a weak and variable thermocline at a depth of 12–15 m during July-September. Surface water temperatures rarely exceed 18°C. The lake freezes over by late December and can remain frozen until late May or early June. In winter, ice about 1 m thick covers much of the lake except where shallow water covers active hot springs. During spring (May-July), cutthroat trout spawn in tributaries around Yellowstone Lake, where they are important prey for grizzly bears, black bears, river otters, and numerous avian predators.</p>
Riverscape genetics of non-native Brook Trout to inform native Cutthroat Trout conservation
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Data from: Hybridization alters growth and migratory life history expression of native trout
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Human-mediated hybridization threatens many native species, but the effects of introgressive hybridization on life history expression are rarely quantified, especially in vertebrates. We quantified the effects of non-native rainbow trout admixture on important life history traits including growth and partial migration behavior in three populations of westslope cutthroat trout over five years. Rainbow trout admixture was associated with increased summer growth rates in all populations, and decreased spring growth rates in two populations with cooler spring temperatures. These results indicate that non-native admixture may increase growth under warmer conditions, but cutthroat trout have higher growth rates during cooler periods. Non-native admixture consistently increased expression of migratory behavior, suggesting that there is a genomic basis for life history differences between these species. Our results show that effects of interspecific hybridization on fitness traits can be the product of genotype-by-environment interactions even when there are minor differences in environmental optima between hybridizing species. These results also indicate that while environmentally mediated traits like growth may play a role in population-level consequences of admixture, strong genetic influences on migratory life history differences between these species likely explains the continued spread of non-native hybridization at the landscape-level, despite selection against hybrids at the population-level.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Diet overlap among non-native trout species and native Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) in two U.S. ecoregions
<p>The invasion of freshwater ecosystems by non-native species can constitute a significant threat to native species and ecosystem health. Non-native trouts have long been stocked in areas where native trouts occur and have negatively impacted native trouts through predation, competition, and hybridization. This study encompassed two seasons of sampling efforts across two ecoregions of the western United States: The Great Basin in summer 2016 and the Yellowstone River Basin in summer 2017. We found significant dietary overlaps among native and non-native trouts within the Great Basin and Yellowstone River Basin ecoregions. Three orders of invertebrates (Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera and Diptera) composed the majority of stomach contents and were responsible for driving the observed patterns. Great Basin trout had higher body conditions (k) and non-native Great Basin trout had higher gut fullness values than Yellowstone River Basin trout, indicating a possible limitation of food in the Yellowstone River Basin. Native fishes were the least abundant and had the lowest body condition in each ecoregion. These findings may indicate a negative impact on native trouts by non-native trouts. We recommend additional monitoring of native and non-native trout diets, regular invertebrate surveys to identify the availability of diet items, and reconsidering stocking efforts that can result in overlap of non-native fishes with native cutthroat trout.</p>
Diet overlap among non-native trout species and native Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) in two U.S. ecoregions
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Data for: Local environments, not hybridization, influence cardiac performance of native trout under acute thermal stress
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Data from: Hybridization alters growth and migratory life history expression of native trout
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Data from: Genetic structure of Pacific trout at the extreme southern end of their native range
Salmonid fishes are cold water piscivores with a native distribution spanning nearly the entire temperate and subarctic northern hemisphere. Trout in the genus Oncorhynchus are the most widespread salmonid fishes and are among the most important fish species in the world, due to their extensive use in aquaculture and valuable fisheries. Trout that inhabit northwestern Mexico are the southernmost native salmonid populations in the world, and the least studied in North America. They are unfortunately also facing threats to their continued existence. Previous work has described one endemic species, the Mexican golden trout (O. chrysogaster), and one endemic subspecies, Nelson's trout (O. mykiss nelsoni), in Mexico, but previous work indicated that there is vastly more biodiversity in this group than formally described. Here we conducted a comprehensive genetic analysis of this important group of fishes using novel genetic markers and techniques to elucidate the biodiversity of trout inhabiting northwestern Mexico, examine genetic population structure of Mexican trout and their relationships to other species of Pacific trout, and measure introgression from non-native hatchery rainbow trout. We confirmed substantial genetic diversity and extremely strong genetic differentiation present in the Mexican trout complex, not only between basins but also between some locations within basins, with at least four species-level taxa present. We also revealed significant divergence between Mexican trout and other trout species and found that introgression from non-native rainbow trout is present but limited, and that the genetic integrity of native trout is still maintained in most locations. This information will help to guide effective conservation strategies for this important group of fishes.
Data from: Winning the invasion roulette: escapes from fish farms increase admixture and facilitate establishment of non-native rainbow trout
Aquaculture is a major source of invasive aquatic species, despite the fact that cultured organisms often have low genetic diversity and tend to be maladapted to survive in the wild. Yet, to what extent aquaculture escapees become established by means of high propagule pressure and multiple origins is not clear. We analysed the genetic diversity of 15 established populations and 4 farmed stocks of non-native rainbow trout in Chile, a species first introduced for recreational fishing around 1900, but which has in recent decades escaped in large numbers from fish farms and become widespread. Aquaculture propagule pressure was a good predictor of the incidence of farm escapees, which represented 16% of all free-ranging rainbow trout and were present in 80% of the study rivers. Hybrids between farm escapes and established trout were present in all rivers at frequencies ranging between 7 and 69%, and population admixture was positively correlated with genetic diversity. We suggest that non-native salmonids introduced into the Southern Hemisphere could benefit from admixture because local adaptations may not have yet developed and there may be initially little fitness loss resulting from outbreeding depression.
Assessing the population genetic structure of introduced rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Lake Tahoe basin: A case for understanding hybridization potential during the reintroduction of the native Endangered Species Act listed Lahontan cutthroat trout (O. clarkii henshawi)
<p class="MsoNormal">Hybridization with introduced or invasive species is a major threat and driver of population declines in native salmonids. The rainbow trout (<em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>, RBT) has been widely introduced globally and represents an important invasive species, often establishing entrenched naturalized populations. The cutthroat trout (<em>Oncorhynchus clarkii</em>, CT), a close congener, is particularly susceptible to competition and hybridization from RBT introductions which has led to range-wide population declines and loss of CT genetic variation. The Lahontan CT (<em>O. c. henshawi</em>, LCT) whose historic distribution included the Lake Tahoe basin, was extirpated by the 1940s due to overfishing and introduction of nonnative salmonids, including now naturalized RBT. Here, we characterize genetic variation of RBT in a subset of Lake Tahoe tributaries to assess potential homing of RBT to streams for spawning, thereby informing LCT reintroduction. Diploid reproductively viable RBT were stocked annually into Lake Tahoe from the late 1800s until the mid-2000s by California and Nevada fish and wildlife agencies, planting the same commonly raised hatchery strains over time. Since 2007, triploid RBT comprise the bulk of RBT planted. Despite extensive dispersal from stocking locations, our analyses revealed variation in population differentiation among tributaries, with individuals from spatially proximate streams clustering across multiple population genetic analyses. Although subtle, we detected evidence for genetic differentiation among tributaries from the southern, western, and northern regions, including surprising structure involving a single tributary. These results illustrate the extent of differentiation within and among streams and could inform possibilities for and implications of RBT removal and LCT reintroduction.</p>
Data from: Introduced beaver improve growth of non–native trout in Tierra del Fuego, South America
<p>Species introductions threaten ecosystem function worldwide and interactions among introduced species may amplify their impacts. Effects of multiple invasions are still poorly studied and often the mechanisms underlying potential interactions among invaders are unknown. Despite being a remote and well–conserved area, the southern portion of South America has been greatly impacted by invasions of both the American Beaver (Castor canadensis) and Brown Trout (Salmo trutta fario). Here, we compared growth, condition, diet, and stable isotopes of sulfur δ34S, nitrogen δ15N, and carbon δ13C for stream-living Brown Trout from streams with (n = 6) and without (n = 6) beaver in Tierra del Fuego, Chile. We show that beaver may facilitate the success of trout by positively influencing fish growth. Beaver indirectly provide greater food subsidies (i.e., macroinvertebrate abundances) by modifying the local aquatic environment through active dam and lodge building suggesting a one–way positive interaction. Trout in beaver-influenced streams occupied a slightly higher trophic level with more depleted sulfur and carbon isotopic ratios suggesting that food web pathways rely on secondary production from autochthonous origin. Trout in beaver-influenced streams have a wider dietary breadth with diptera and amphipoda as the prey items providing most of the energy whereas in streams without beaver, trichoptera were the main source of energy for trout. Although these two invaders have never co-occurred naturally, their ecosystem function and the beneficial influences of coexisting life histories reported in their native ranges are similar to our findings from invaded systems.</p>
A new genomic resource to enable standardized surveys of SNPs across the native range of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)
<p>Understanding how genetic diversity is distributed across spatiotemporal scales in species of conservation or management concern is critical for identifying large-scale mechanisms affecting local conservation status and implementing large-scale biodiversity monitoring programs. However, cross-scale surveys of genetic diversity are often impractical within single studies, and combining datasets to increase spatiotemporal coverage is frequently impeded by using different sets of molecular markers. Recently developed molecular tools make surveys based on standardized SNP panels more feasible than ever but require existing genomic information. Here, we demonstrate the utility of genome-wide SNPs reflective of range-wide genetic diversity for surveying populations across the native species range. These data can be leveraged to design SNP panels that allow datasets to be combined for large-scale analyses. We develop this resource for brook trout (<em>Salvelinus fontinalis</em>). We performed restriction site-associated DNA sequencing for wild brook trout from 82 locations spanning much of the native range and domestic brook trout from 24 hatchery strains used in stocking efforts. We identified over 24,000 SNPs putatively representing neutral and adaptive regions of the brook trout genome. We explored the ability of these SNPs to resolve relationships across spatial scales, including population structure, hatchery admixture, and outlier loci. Our dataset captures a wide spectrum of genetic diversity in native brook trout, offering a valuable resource for developing SNP panels. We highlight potential applications of this resource with the goal of increasing the integration of genomic information into decision-making for brook trout and other species of conservation or management concern.</p>
Assessing the population genetic structure of introduced rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Lake Tahoe basin: A case for understanding hybridization potential during the reintroduction of the native Endangered Species Act listed Lahontan cutthroat trout (O. clarkii henshawi)
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A new genomic resource to enable standardized surveys of SNPs across the native range of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)
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Data from: Genetic structure of Pacific trout at the extreme southern end of their native range
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Data from: Introduced beaver improve growth of non–native trout in Tierra del Fuego, South America
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Data from: Winning the invasion roulette: escapes from fish farms increase admixture and facilitate establishment of non-native rainbow trout
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Data from: Historical stocking data and 19th century DNA reveal human-induced changes to native diversity and distribution of cutthroat trout
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Data from: Little impact of hatchery supplementation that uses native broodstock on the genetic structure and diversity of steelhead trout revealed by a large scale spatio-temporal microsatellite survey
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ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.