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9 results for “natural cavity”
Carole Niffenegger, Sebastian Dirren, Christian Schano, Fränzi Korner-Nievergelt (2023) Data from : Natural nest cavities in a high elevation habitat provide a more constant thermal environment than human-made nest cavities
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Nest cavities with suitable thermal conditions can provide fitness benefits for birds through reduced thermoregulatory cost. Insulation can however vary between natural and human-made cavities. While several studies have assessed cavity temperatures, research from high elevation habitats, where environmental conditions are particularly variable, is still scarce. We compared temperature profiles of vacant natural and human-made nest cavities of white-winged snowfinches <i>Montifringilla nivalis</i>, a high elevation cavity nestling species. Human-made cavities experienced more extreme temperatures, with potential consequences for offspring viability, bringing into question their suitability as conservation measure, particularly as extreme temperature events become more frequent. </p>
Data for: Microclimate shifts in nest-boxes and natural cavities throughout reproduction
<p>Animals breeding in nest-boxes experience nesting environments in which they did not originally evolve. Despite the central importance of nesting microclimate for offspring fitness, little is known about the thermal properties of human-provided nest sites compared to natural ones. In particular, comparisons with offspring in the nest are lacking. Here, we compare microclimate (temperature and absolute humidity) from the onset of breeding, thus starting with nest-site choice and ending with the post-fledging stage, quantified in natural cavities and nest-boxes used by several species of hollow-nesting birds in a temperate deciduous forest. We confirm that across all nesting stages, nest-boxes were thermally unstable when compared to natural cavities, with higher temperature maximums, larger amplitudes and worse insulation from maximum ambient temperatures relative to natural cavities. Surprisingly, as average humidity of natural cavities was previously shown to be higher than in nest-boxes, in the presence of actively thermoregulating young, nest-boxes were more humid than natural cavities. When offspring were in the nest, internal microclimatic shifts were mitigated three times more effectively in natural cavities than in nest-boxes (in terms of mean daily differences from ambient temperature). Artificial cavity microclimate is likely to amplify the adverse effects of projected temperature increases by compromising thermoregulation of developing animals. We stress that conservation efforts should focus on the protection of areas offering natural breeding-hollows to reduce the potential impacts of climate change on breeding animals.</p>
Data for: Microclimate shifts in nest-boxes and natural cavities throughout reproduction
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Text-fig. 5. Anacardiaceae (a–m), Burseraceae (n–q). Scale bars = 1 cm. a–f: Pentoperculum sp. a–c: USNM PAL 772360. a: Lateral view of endocarp, apex up; three germination valves visible, the central clearly displaying the bipartite nature of the valve, reflected light, palladium coated. b: Apical view displaying six locules, with two preserved germination valves at the lower left, reflected light, palladium coated. c: Basal view of the endocarp, the locules suggested by swellings; note point of attachment, micro-CT scan surface rendering. d–f: Pentoperculum sp. USNM PAL 772359, reflected light, palladium coated. d: Lateral view of a probable 6-loculed endocarp, apex up; a single intact germination valve in the center, displaying the central lineation that divides it in two. e: Apical view; two bi-partite germination valves are visible, indicated by arrows to the middle cleavage line of two of the valves. f: Basal view, the locules suggested by the undulations in the margin. g–i: Indet. Spondioideae. USNM PAL 772358, reflected light, palladium coated. g: Lateral view of multi-locular endocarp, apex up. h: Apical view showing finely punctuate surface and peripheral locule cavities. i: Basal view. j–m: Cf. Pleiogynium USNM PAL 772357. j: Lateral view of the multi-locular endocarp, apex up; note intact germination valve on left and exposed locule facing the viewer, micro-CT scan surface rendering. k: Lateral view, rotated about 30° from (j), showing three exposed locules, reflected light, palladium coated; note bipartite locule lining at center. l: Apical view of the multilocular endocarp; the locule with intact germination valve at the upper right, reflected light, palladium coated. Arrows to each locule. m: Basal view showing central point of attachment and prominent radiating ridges aligned with the locules, micro-CT scan surface rendering. n–q: Canarium, USNM PAL 772361. Scale bar = 1 cm. n: Lateral view of endocarp directly facing one germination valve flanked by two strong ridges; apex up; specimen coated in sodium nitrate and photographed by R. A. Scott. o: Lateral view facing one of the three pronounced ridges, flanked to the left and right by two germination valves; apex up. p: Apical view displaying the three strong ridges, arching over the apex and flanking three deep embayments, covered with germination valves. q: Basal view, the three ridges being less pronounced. o–q: Reflected light, palladium coated. in The Early Middle Eocene Wagon Bed Carpoflora Of Central Wyoming, U.S.A.
Text-fig. 5. Anacardiaceae (a–m), Burseraceae (n–q). Scale bars = 1 cm. a–f: Pentoperculum sp. a–c: USNM PAL 772360. a: Lateral view of endocarp, apex up; three germination valves visible, the central clearly displaying the bipartite nature of the valve, reflected light, palladium coated. b: Apical view displaying six locules, with two preserved germination valves at the lower left, reflected light, palladium coated. c: Basal view of the endocarp, the locules suggested by swellings; note point of attachment, micro-CT scan surface rendering. d–f: Pentoperculum sp. USNM PAL 772359, reflected light, palladium coated. d: Lateral view of a probable 6-loculed endocarp, apex up; a single intact germination valve in the center, displaying the central lineation that divides it in two. e: Apical view; two bi-partite germination valves are visible, indicated by arrows to the middle cleavage line of two of the valves. f: Basal view, the locules suggested by the undulations in the margin. g–i: Indet. Spondioideae. USNM PAL 772358, reflected light, palladium coated. g: Lateral view of multi-locular endocarp, apex up. h: Apical view showing finely punctuate surface and peripheral locule cavities. i: Basal view. j–m: Cf. Pleiogynium USNM PAL 772357. j: Lateral view of the multi-locular endocarp, apex up; note intact germination valve on left and exposed locule facing the viewer, micro-CT scan surface rendering. k: Lateral view, rotated about 30° from (j), showing three exposed locules, reflected light, palladium coated; note bipartite locule lining at center. l: Apical view of the multilocular endocarp; the locule with intact germination valve at the upper right, reflected light, palladium coated. Arrows to each locule. m: Basal view showing central point of attachment and prominent radiating ridges aligned with the locules, micro-CT scan surface rendering. n–q: Canarium, USNM PAL 772361. Scale bar = 1 cm. n: Lateral view of endocarp directly facing one germination valve flanked by two strong ridges; apex up; specimen coated in sodium nitrate and photographed by R. A. Scott. o: Lateral view facing one of the three pronounced ridges, flanked to the left and right by two germination valves; apex up. p: Apical view displaying the three strong ridges, arching over the apex and flanking three deep embayments, covered with germination valves. q: Basal view, the three ridges being less pronounced. o–q: Reflected light, palladium coated.
Figure 2 from: de Ázara LN, Bernardi LFO, Ferreira RL (2016) The first survey on harvestmen in Brazilian artificial cavities, with notes on distribution and natural history. Subterranean Biology 17: 31-53. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.17.6762
Figure 2 - Artificial cavities in: A, B, C Alagoa D and E Padre Paraíso F Caraí G Mariana H São José da Safira I Caeté J Mariana.
Figure 1 from: de Ázara LN, Bernardi LFO, Ferreira RL (2016) The first survey on harvestmen in Brazilian artificial cavities, with notes on distribution and natural history. Subterranean Biology 17: 31-53. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.17.6762
Figure 1 - Map of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, showing the biomes and municipalities in which the artificial cavities are situated: a Alagoa b Ataléia c Caeté d Caraí e Mariana f Mateus Leme g Medina h Nova Lima i Novo Oriente de Minas j Ouro Preto k Padre Paraíso l São José da Safira m Vazante.
Figure 5 from: de Ázara LN, Bernardi LFO, Ferreira RL (2016) The first survey on harvestmen in Brazilian artificial cavities, with notes on distribution and natural history. Subterranean Biology 17: 31-53. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.17.6762
Figure 5 - Mitogoniella mucuri inside the Túnel do Garrafão (Alagoa) A Female guarding eggs on the wall of the mine B Female guarding immatures on the wall of the mine.
Figure 4 from: de Ázara LN, Bernardi LFO, Ferreira RL (2016) The first survey on harvestmen in Brazilian artificial cavities, with notes on distribution and natural history. Subterranean Biology 17: 31-53. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.17.6762
Figure 4 - Individuals inside the artificial cavities A Longiperna trembao (Caeté: Mina dos Matarelli) B Mitogoniella mucuri (Alagoa: Túnel do Garrafão) C Mitobatula sp. 1 (Alagoa: Mina da Companhia) D Goniosoma vatrax (Nova Lima: Mina de Capão Xavier).
Figure 3 from: de Ázara LN, Bernardi LFO, Ferreira RL (2016) The first survey on harvestmen in Brazilian artificial cavities, with notes on distribution and natural history. Subterranean Biology 17: 31-53. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.17.6762
Figure 3 - Gryne perlata A Individual inside the mine Túnel dos Meninos II, Padre Paraíso B aggregation of individuals in the same cavity.
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