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27 results for “necromass”
Long-term nitrogen fertilization inhibits carbon and nitrogen loss during late stage fungal necromass decomposition depending on necromass chemistry
Fungal necromass is increasingly recognized as a key component of in soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling. However, how C and N loss from fungal necromass during decomposition are impacted by global change factors such as anthropogenic N addition and changes to soil C supply (e.g. via changing root exudation and rhizosphere priming) remains unclear and understudied relative to plant tissues. To address these gaps, we conducted a year-long decomposition experiment with four species of fungal necromass incubated across four forested sites in plots that had received inorganic N and/or labile C fertilization for decades in Minnesota, USA. We found that necromass chemistry was the primary driver of C and N loss from fungal necromass as well as response to fertilization. Specifically, N addition suppressed late-stage decomposition, but this effect was weaker in melanin-rich necromass, contrary to the hypothesis based on plant litter dynamics that N addition should suppress decomposition of more complex organic molecules. Labile C addition had no effect on either the early or late stages of necromass decomposition. Nitrogen release from necromass also varied among species, with N-poor necromass having lower N release after controlling for differences in mass loss via regression. The relatively minor effects of N fertilization on the proportion of initial necromass N released suggests that N demand by decomposers is the primary control on N loss during fungal necromass decomposition. Together, our results stress the importance of the afterlife effects of fungal chemical composition to forest soil C and N cycles. Further, they demonstrate that C and N release from this critical pool can be reduced by ongoing anthropogenic N addition.
Ectomycorrhizal fungal effects on soil carbon storage, root litter decomposition, and fungal necromass decomposition
This project investigates the impacts of ectomycorrhizal-saprotrophic fungal interactions on soil C storage and the decomposition of root litter and fungal necromass. Specifically, we conducted a field experiment wherein the ectomycorrhizal:saprotrophic fungal ratio was reduced via experimental trenching (with control plots left untrenched). From these plots we then measured bulk soil C stocks, particulate organic matter C stocks, mineral associated organic matter C stocks, and the decomposition of root litter and fungal necromass. The Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve (CCESR) experiment name is e309 "The effects of mycelial morphology and mycorrhizal type on fungal necromass decomposition."
Fungal necromass is reduced by intensive drought in subsoil but not in topsoil
<p><span>The frequency and intensity of droughts worldwide are challenging the conservation of soil organic carbon (SOC) pool. Microbial necromass is a key component of SOC, but how it responds to drought at specific soil depths remains largely unknown. Here, we conducted a three-year field experiment in a forest plantation to investigate the impacts of drought intensities under three treatments (ambient control (CK), moderate drought (30% throughfall removal), and intensive drought (50% throughfall removal)) on soil microbial necromass pools (i.e., bacterial necromass carbon (BNC), fungal necromass carbon (FNC), and total microbial necromass carbon (TNC)). We showed that the effects of drought on microbial necromass depended on microbial groups, soil depth, and drought intensity. While moderate drought increased total (+9.1±3.3%) and fungal (+13.5±4.9%) necromass carbon in the topsoil layer (0–15 cm), intensive drought reduced total (-31.6±3.7%) and fungal (-43.6±4.0%) necromass in the subsoil layer (15–30 cm). In contrast, both drought treatments significantly increased the bacterial necromass carbon in the topsoil and subsoil</span><span>. </span><span>Our results suggested that the effects of drought on the microbial necromass of the subsoil were more pronounced than those of the topsoil. This study highlights the complex responses of microbial necromass to drought events depending on microbial community structure, drought intensity and soil depth with global implications when forecasting carbon cycling under climate change. </span></p>
Fungal necromass is reduced by intensive drought in subsoil but not in topsoil
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Warming and reduced rainfall alter fungal necromass decomposition rates and associated microbial community composition and functioning at a temperate-boreal forest ecotone
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The responses of microbial necromass carbon accumulation to climate aridity in alpine meadow soils are dominated by plant species richness
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Spatial distribution and driving factors of microbial necromass carbon in coastal wetlands of China
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Necromass mass loss and microbial abundance for necromass interactions study
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Data from: Bacterial and fungal growth on fungal necromass and its diverse components: shared profiles and divergent constraints revealed by high-throughput phenotyping
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Substrate quality drives fungal necromass decay and decomposer community structure under contrasting vegetation types
<p>1. Fungal mycelium is increasingly recognized as a central component of soil biogeochemical cycling, yet our current understanding of the ecological controls on fungal necromass decomposition is limited to single sites and vegetation types.</p> <p>2. By deploying common fungal necromass substrates in a temperate oak savannah and hardwood forest in the midwestern USA, we assessed the generality of the rate at which high- and low-quality fungal necromass decomposes; further, we investigated how the decomposer 'necrobiome' varies both across and within sites under vegetation types dominated by either arbuscular (AM) or ectomycorrhizal (EM) plants.</p> <p>3. The effects of necromass quality on decay rate were robust to site and vegetation type differences, with high-quality fungal necromass decomposing, on average, 2.5 times faster during the initial stages of decay. Across vegetation types, bacterial and fungal communities present on decaying necromass differed from bulk soil microbial communities and were influenced by necromass quality. Moulds, yeasts and copiotrophic bacteria consistently dominated the necrobiome of high-quality fungal substrates.</p> <p>4. Synthesis: We show that regardless of differences in decay environments, high-quality fungal substrates decompose faster and support different types of decomposer microorganisms when compared with low-quality fungal tissues. These findings help to refine our theoretical understanding of the dominant factors affecting fast cycling components of soil organic matter (SOM) and the microbial communities associated with rapid decay.</p>
Data from: Melanization of mycorrhizal fungal necromass structures microbial decomposer communities
Mycorrhizal fungal necromass is increasingly recognized as an important contributor to soil organic carbon pools, particularly in forest ecosystems. While its decomposition rate is primarily determined by biochemical composition, how traits such as melanin content affect the structure of necromass decomposer communities remains poorly understood. To assess the role of biochemical traits on microbial decomposer community composition and functioning, we incubated melanized and non-melanized necromass of the mycorrhizal fungus Meliniomyces bicolor in Pinus- and Quercus-dominated forests in Minnesota, USA and then assessed the associated fungal and bacterial decomposer communities after 1, 2 and 3 months using high-throughput sequencing. Melanized necromass decomposed significantly slower than non-melanized necromass in both forests. The structure of the microbial decomposer communities depended significantly on necromass melanin content, although the effect was stronger for fungi than bacteria. On non-melanized necromass, fungal communities were dominated by r-selected ascomycete and mucoromycete microfungi early and then replaced by basidiomycete ectomycorrhizal fungi, while on melanized necromass these groups were co-dominant throughout the incubation. Bacterial communities were dominated by both specialist mycophageous and generalist taxa. Synthesis. Our results indicate that necromass biochemistry not only strongly affects rates of decomposition but also the structure of the associated decomposer communities. Furthermore, the observed colonization patterns suggest that fungi, and particularly ectomycorrhizal fungi, may play a more important role in necromass decomposition than previously recognized.
Data of contents amino sugars and microbial necromass carbon in plant roots and the environmental variables
<p><span>Data display the results of environmental properties of 19 sampling sites, amino sugars and microbial necromass carbon (MNC) in the fresh roots of 27 dominant species and mixed roots (including dead roots) of mixed species in Inner Mongolian grasslands, AMF biomass and colonization rate in the fresh roots of 27 dominant species, contents of biomarkers (amino sugars and plant-derived lipids) and organic carbon during the decomposition experiment in model soils, and the relationships between environmental properties and root-borne MNC and their contribution to soil organic carbon.<br></span></p>
Microbial necromass in cropland soils: A global meta-analysis of management effects
<p>The data support the article "Microbial necromass in cropland soils: A glogal meta-analysis of management effects" published in Global Change Biology.</p>
Climate warming alters the relative importance of plant root and microbial community in regulating the accumulation of soil microbial necromass carbon in a Tibetan alpine meadow
<p><span>Climate warming is predicted to considerably affect variations in soil organic carbon (SOC), especially in alpine ecosystems. Microbial necromass carbon (MNC) is an important contributor to stable soil organic carbon pools. However, accumulation and persistence of soil MNC across a gradient of warming are still poorly understood. An eight-year field experiment with four levels of warming was conducted in a Tibetan meadow</span><span>.</span> <span>We found that low-level (+0</span><span>-</span><span>1.5 ℃) warming mostly enhanced bacterial necromass carbon (BNC), fungal necromass carbon (FNC), and total MNC compared with control treatment across soil layers, while no significant effect was caused between high-level (+1.5</span><span>-</span><span>2.5 ℃) treatments and control treatments. The contributions of both MNC and BNC to soil organic carbon were not significantly affected by warming treatments across depths. Structural equation modeling analysis demonstrated that the effect of plant root traits on MNC persistence strengthened with warming intensity, while the influence of microbial community characteristics waned along with strengthened warming. Overall, our study provides novel evidence that the major determinants of MNC production and stabilization may vary with warming magnitude in alpine meadows. This finding is critical for updating our knowledge of soil carbon storage in response to climate warming.</span></p>
Data for: Exogenous carbon turnover within the soil food web strengthens soil carbon sequestration through microbial necromass accumulation
<p>Exogenous carbon turnover within soil food web is important in determining the trade-offs between soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and carbon emission. However, it remains largely unknown how soil food web influences carbon sequestration through mediating the dual roles of microbes as decomposers and contributors, hindering our ability to develop policies for soil carbon management. Here, we conducted a 13C-labeled straw experiment to demonstrate how soil food web regulated the residing microbes to influence the soil carbon transformation and stabilization process after 11 years no-tillage. Our work demonstrated that soil fauna, as a "temporary storage container", indirectly influenced the SOC transformation processes and mediated the SOC sequestration through feeding on soil microbes. Soil biota communities acted as both drivers of and contributors to SOC cycling, with 32.0% of exogenous carbon being stabilizing in the form of microbial necromass as "new" carbon. Additionally, the proportion of mineral-associated organic carbon and particulate organic carbon showed that the "renewal effect" driven by the soil food web promoted the SOC to be more stable. Our study clearly illustrated that soil food web regulated the turnover of exogenous carbon inputs and mediated soil carbon sequestration through microbial necromass accumulation.</p>
Data from: Melanization of mycorrhizal fungal necromass structures microbial decomposer communities
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Climate warming alters the relative importance of plant root and microbial community in regulating the accumulation of soil microbial necromass carbon in a Tibetan alpine meadow
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Data for: Exogenous carbon turnover within the soil food web strengthens soil carbon sequestration through microbial necromass accumulation
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Substrate quality drives fungal necromass decay and decomposer community structure under contrasting vegetation types
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Fungal necromass chemistry from 28 tissues
1. Fungi represent a rapidly cycling pool of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in soils. Understanding of how this pool impacts soil nutrient availability and organic matter fluxes is hindered by uncertainty regarding the dynamics and drivers of fungal necromass decomposition. 2. Here we assessed the generality of common models for predicting mass loss during fungal necromass decomposition and linked the resulting parameters to necromass substrate chemistry. We decomposed 28 different types of fungal necromass in laboratory microcosms over a 90-day period, measuring mass loss on all types, and N release on a subset of types. We characterised the initial chemistry of each necromass type using: 1) fiber analysis methods commonly used for plant tissues, 2) initial melanin and nitrogen (N) concentrations, and 3) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to assess the presence of bonds associated with common biomolecules. 3. We found universal support for the asymptotic model of decomposition, which assumes that fungal necromass consists of an exponentially decomposing “fast” pool, and a “slow” pool that decomposes at a rate approaching zero. The strongest predictor of the fast pool decay rate (k) was the proportion of cell soluble components, though initial N concentration also predicted k, albeit more weakly. The size of the slow pool was best predicted by the acid non-hydrolysable fraction, which was positively correlated with melanin-associated aromatics. Nitrogen dynamics varied by necromass type, ranging from net N release to net immobilisation. The maximum quantity of N immobilised was inversely related to cell soluble contents and k, as positively related to FTIR spectra associated with cell wall polysaccharides. 4. Collectively, our results indicate that the decomposition of fungal necromass in soils can be described as having two distinct stages that are driven by different components of substrate C chemistry, with implications for rates of N availability and or
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