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24 results for “neighborhood effects”
Tree seedling abundance mediated by local neighborhood effects and microsite conditions
Tree recruitment across elevational gradients is shaped by myriad factors, including abundance of nearby conspecific adults and abiotic establishment conditions. We measured seedling abundance and overstory basal area for six tree species that dominate northern temperate and montane boreal forests on mountains in the northeastern United States. Data were collected on elevational transects spaced at 100m-intervals of elevation on ten mountains. Associated environmental variables, including vegetation cover, substrate, microclimate, and light environment, were also collected.
Canopy height, rather than neighborhood effects, shapes leaf herbivory in a tropical rainforest
<p>These files contain the datasets and R codes used in the data analyses in the paper " Canopy height, rather than neighborhood effects, shapes leaf herbivory in a tropical rainforest " that will be published in Ecology.</p>
Data for: Effects of drought, disturbance, and biotic neighborhood on experimental tree seedling performance
<p>Forest biodiversity is likely maintained by a complex suite of interacting drivers that vary in importance across both space and time. Contributing factors include disturbance, interannual variation in abiotic variables, and biotic neighborhood effects. To probe ongoing uncertainties and potential interactions, we investigated tree seedling performance in a temperate mid-Atlantic forest ecosystem. We planted seedlings of five native tree species in mapped study plots, half of which were subjected to disturbance, and then monitored seedling survival, height growth, and foliar condition.The final year of data collection encompassed a drought, enabling comparison between intervals varying in water availability. Seedling performance was analyzed as a function of canopy cover and biotic neighborhood (conspecific and heterospecific abundance), including interactions, with separate generalized linear mixed models fit for each interval. All species exhibited: a) pronounced declines in height growth during the drought year, b) detrimental effects of adult conspecifics, and c) beneficial effects of canopy openness. However, despite these consistencies, there was considerable variation across species in terms of the relevant predictors for each response variable in each interval. Our results suggest that drought may strengthen or reveal conspecific inhibition in some instances while weakening it or obscuring it in others, and that some forms of conspecific inhibition may manifest only under particular canopy conditions (although given the inconsistency of our findings, we are not convinced that conspecific inhibition is critical for diversity maintenance in our study system). Overall, our work reveals a complex forest ecosystem that appears simultaneously and interactively governed by biotic neighborhood structure (e.g., conspecific and/or heterospecific abundance), local habitat conditions (e.g., canopy cover), and interannual variability (e.g., drought).</p>
Integrated effects of neighborhood composition and resource levels on growth of a dominant tree species in a tropical forest
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Data for: Effects of drought, disturbance, and biotic neighborhood on experimental tree seedling performance
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Data from: Neighborhood defense gene similarity effects on tree performance: a community transcriptomic approach
The structure and dynamics of ecological communities are ultimately the outcome of the differential demographic rates of individuals. Individual growth and mortality rates largely result from the interaction between an organism's phenotype and the abiotic and biotic environment. Functional traits have been used extensively over the past decade to elucidate links among phenotypes, demography and community dynamics. A fundamental weakness of most functional trait approaches is the use of 'soft' traits associated with resource acquisition to examine how neighbourhood similarity affects tree survival and growth. However, these 'soft' traits are unlikely to be good predictors of similarities among co-occurring species. Less easily measured aspects of organismal function – such as those related to defence – have frequently gone unmeasured. This is particularly problematic for testing important hypotheses in forest ecology, such as the Janzen–Connell hypothesis where focal trees are expected to be at a disadvantage if their neighbours share the same natural enemies. A potential alternative to functional trait approaches is to quantify the transcriptomic or functional genomic similarity of species. Such analyses are now possible in natural systems where de novo transciptome assemblies can be used to conduct functional phylogenomic analyses where homologous gene trees are produced. Using demographic plot data for 21 species from a North American forest dynamic plot, we conduct a community functional phylogenomic analysis of a plant community to elucidate the similarity in defence response genes across species. This similarity was then used to ask whether the similarity in defence genes of heterospecific species in the local neighbourhood of a focal individual tree influences its growth and mortality rates. The results show that individual growth rates are higher when surrounded by dissimilar heterospecific species for 16 of 27 defence genes analysed. Additionally, survival rates are increased when an individual is in a neighbourhood with dissimilar species for 4 of the 27 defence genes studied. Lastly, strong conspecific effects were found in all analyses, underscoring that future analyses investigating the genetic variation and differential expression of defence-related genes in neighbourhoods may prove important. Synthesis. In summary, this research leverages recent advances in RNA sequencing and bioinformatics to conduct community-wide transcriptomic analyses and analyses of defence-related gene similarity across a tree community. The results demonstrate that defence gene similarity in neighbourhoods often does have negative effects on individual demographic performance as predicted by the Janzen–Connell hypothesis.
Interactions with soil fungi alter density-dependence and neighborhood effects in a locally abundant dipterocarp species
<p>Seedling recruitment can be strongly affected by the composition of nearby plant species. At the neighborhood scale (on the order of tens of meters), adult conspecifics can modify soil chemistry and presence of host microbes (pathogens and mutualists) across their combined canopy area or rooting zones. At local or small spatial scales (on the order of one to few meters), conspecific seed or seedling density can influence the strength of intraspecific light and resource competition and also modify the density-dependent spread of natural enemies such as pathogens or invertebrate predators. Intrinsic correlation between proximity to adult conspecifics (i.e. recruitment neighborhood) and local seedling density, arising from dispersal, make it difficult to separate the independent and interactive factors that contribute to recruitment success. </p> <p>Here, we present a field experiment in which we manipulated both the recruitment neighborhood and seedling density to explore how they interact to influence the growth and survival of Dryobalanops aromatica, a dominant ectomycorrhizal tree species in a Bornean tropical rainforest. First, we found that both local seedling density and recruitment neighborhood had effects on performance of D. aromatica seedlings, though the nature of these impacts varied between growth and survival. Second, we did not find strong evidence that the effect of density on seedling survival is dependent on the presence of conspecific adult trees. However, accumulation of mutualistic fungi beneath conspecifics adults does facilitate establishment of D. aromatica seedlings. In total, our results suggest that recruitment near adult conspecifics was not associated with a performance cost and may have weakly benefitted recruiting seedlings. Positive effects of conspecifics may be a factor facilitating the regional hyperabundance of this species. </p> <p>Synthesis: Our results provide support for the idea that dominant species in diverse forests may escape the localized recruitment suppression that limits abundance in rarer species.</p>
Data from: Neighborhood-scale analyses of non-additive species effects on cation concentrations in forest soils
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Interactions with soil fungi alter density-dependence and neighborhood effects in a locally abundant dipterocarp species
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Analysis of within-individual variation in extrapair paternity in blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) shows low repeatability and little effect of changes in neighborhood
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Data from: Neighborhood defense gene similarity effects on tree performance: a community transcriptomic approach
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Data from: Abundance-dependent effects of neighborhood dissimilarity and growth rank reversal in a Neotropical forest
Why tropical forests harbor an exceptional number of species with striking differences in abundances remains an open question. We propose a theoretical framework to address this question in which rare species may have different extirpation risks depending on species ranks in tree growth and sensitivities to neighborhood interactions. To evaluate the framework, we studied tree growth and its responses to neighborhood dissimilarity (ND) in traits and phylogeny for 146 species in a Neotropical forest. We found that tree growth was positively related to ND, and common species were more strongly affected by ND than rare species, which may help delay dominance of common species. Rare species grew more slowly at the community-wide average ND than common species. But rare species grew faster when common species tended to dominate locally, which may help reduce extirpation risk of rare species. Our study highlights that tree growth rank among species depends on their responses to neighborhood interactions, which can be important in fostering diversity maintenance in tropical forests.
Data from: The effect of neighborhood size on effective population size in theory and in practice
The distinction between the effective size of a population (Ne) and the effective size of its neighborhoods (Nn) has sometimes become blurred. Ne reflects the effect of random sampling on the genetic composition of a population of size N, whereas Nn is a measure of within-population spatial genetic structure and depends strongly on the dispersal characteristics of a species. Although Nn is independent of Ne, the reverse is not true. Using simulations of a population of annual plants, it was found that the effect of Nn on Ne was well approximated by Ne=N/(1−FIS), where FIS (determined by Nn) was evaluated population wide. Nn only had a notable influence of increasing Ne as it became smaller (less than or equal to16). In contrast, the effect of Nn on genetic estimates of Ne was substantial. Using the temporal method (a standard two-sample approach) based on 1000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and varying sampling method, sample size (2–25% of N) and interval between samples (T=1–32 generations), estimates of Ne ranged from infinity to <0.1% of the true value (defined as Ne based on 100% sampling). Estimates were never accurate unless Nn and T were large. Three sampling techniques were tested: same-site resampling, different-site resampling and random sampling. Random sampling was the least biased method. Extremely low estimates often resulted when different-site resampling was used, especially when the population was large and the sample fraction was small, raising the possibility that this estimation bias could be a factor determining some very low Ne/N that have been published.
Effects of Neighborhood SES on Coronary Heart Disease Burden in Communities - Ancillary to ARIC
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00106951. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 4.
Data from: Abundance-dependent effects of neighborhood dissimilarity and growth rank reversal in a Neotropical forest
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Data from: Neighborhood effects determine plant-herbivore interactions below ground
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Data from: The effect of neighborhood size on effective population size in theory and in practice
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The effect of exposure to neighborhood violence on GR signaling in lung tumors [CUT&Run]
GEO Series GSE268048. Homo sapiens. 55 samples. Type: Genome binding/occupancy profiling by high throughput sequencing.
The effect of exposure to neighborhood violence on GR signaling in lung tumors [Spatial Transcriptomics]
GEO Series GSE268049. Homo sapiens. 15 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing; Other.
Data from: Estimation of effective population size in continuously distributed populations: there goes the neighborhood
Use of genetic methods to estimate effective population size (N^e) is rapidly increasing, but all approaches make simplifying assumptions unlikely to be met in real populations. In particular, all assume a single, unstructured population, and none has been evaluated for use with continuously distributed species. We simulated continuous populations with local mating structure, as envisioned by Wright's concept of neighborhood size (NS), and evaluated performance of a single-sample estimator based on linkage disequilibrium (LD), which provides an estimate of the effective number of parents that produced the sample (N^b). Results illustrate the interacting effects of two phenomena, drift and mixture, that contribute to LD. Samples from areas equal to or smaller than a breeding window produced estimates close to the NS. As the sampling window increased in size to encompass multiple genetic neighborhoods, mixture LD from a two-locus Wahlund effect overwhelmed the reduction in drift LD from incorporating offspring from more parents. As a consequence, N^b never approached the global N^e, even when the geographic scale of sampling was large. Results indicate caution is needed in applying standard methods for estimating effective size to continuously distributed populations.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.