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20 results for “neonatal survival”
Relative reproductive phenology and synchrony affect neonate survival in a nonprecocial ungulate
<p>1. Degree of reproductive synchronization in prey is hypothesized as a predator defense strategy reducing prey risk via predator satiation or predator avoidance. Species with precocial young, especially those exposed to specialist predators, should be highly synchronous to satiate predators (predator satiation hypothesis), while prey with nonprecocial (i.e., altricial) young, especially those exposed to generalist predators, should become relatively asynchronous to avoid predator detection (predator avoidance hypothesis). The white-tailed deer (<i>Odocoileus virginianus</i>) in North America is an example of a nonprecocial ungulate that uses the hider strategy early in life; its primary predator (coyote; <i>Canis latrans</i>) is a generalist, making white-tailed deer a good model species to test the predator avoidance hypothesis.</p> <p>2. We used birth dates and known fates of white-tailed deer neonates (n=1032) across nine study sites varying in relative synchrony and predator assemblages to test the predator avoidance hypothesis. We predicted that relative birthing asynchrony of the population would increase relative survival at the population level; therefore, at the individual scale, neonate birth date nearer to mean birthing date in a respective population would not influence individual survival.</p> <p>3. Coyotes were responsible for the majority of predation events, and survival of those neonates increased the closer the individual was born to peak birthing season in each respective population. Also, at the population level, reproductive asynchronization negatively affected survival.</p> <p>4. Contrary to the predator avoidance hypothesis, our data indicate patterns in neonate survival for white-tailed deer better support the predator satiation hypothesis at the individual and population level. Additionally, coyotes may present a selective force great enough to shift reproductive synchrony such that predator satiation may become a feasible defense strategy for neonates at local spatial scales.</p> <p>5. Our results indicate that synchronizing reproduction may still be the most effective strategy to reduce individual predation risk from generalist predators, particularly when the window of heightened resource availability to the prey is narrow.</p>
Data from: Dead before detection: addressing the effects of left truncation on survival estimation and ecological inference for neonates
1. Neonate survival is a key life history trait, yet remains challenging to measure in wild populations because neonates can be difficult to capture at birth. Estimates of survival from neonates that are opportunistically captured might be inaccurate because some individuals die before sampling, resulting in data that are left truncated. The resulting overestimation of survival rates can further affect ecological inference through biased estimates of covariate effects in survival models, yet is not addressed in most studies of animal survival. Here, we quantify the effects of left truncation on survival estimates and subsequent ecological inference. 2. Vaginal implant transmitters (VITs) enable capture of ungulates at birth, yielding data without left truncation. The effects of left truncation on survival estimation were quantified using age-dependent survival models for VIT and opportunistically captured neonatal deer. Differences in daily survival rates (DSRs) and cumulative survival probability were calculated for the first 70 days of life. In addition, left truncation was simulated by removing fawns that died during the first 1 or 2 days of life from the VIT-caught sample, isolating the effect of left truncation. 3. Cumulative probability of survival during the first 70 days of life was overestimated by 7–23% for fawns caught opportunistically compared with those caught by VIT, depending on model design. Differences in DSRs were large at age 1 day, but had converged by age 30 days. Simulated left truncation resulted in overestimates of survival of up to 31%. Model selection and covariate coefficients were strongly affected by left truncation, producing spurious ecological inference, including changes to sign and/or magnitude of inferred effects of all covariates. 4. We recommend (i) every effort be made to capture neonates; (ii) consistent capture methods, using at least in part non-truncating techniques, be implemented across years and study areas; and (iii) exclusion of left-truncated data from survival estimates until DSRs converge with those calculated from non-truncated data. This work emphasizes the importance of accounting for left truncation in survival estimation for any species with strong age-dependent survival in order to prevent biased conclusions produced by sampling method rather than true ecological effects.
Data from: The effect of terrain and female density on survival of neonatal white-tailed deer and mule deer fawns
Juvenile survival is a highly variable life-history trait that is critical to population growth. Antipredator tactics, including an animal's use of its physical and social environment, are critical to juvenile survival. Here, we tested the hypothesis that habitat and social characteristics influence coyote (Canis latrans) predation on white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and mule deer (O. hemionus) fawns in similar ways during the neonatal period. This would contrast to winter when the habitat and social characteristics that provide the most safety for each species differ. We monitored seven cohorts of white-tailed deer and mule deer fawns at a grassland study site in Alberta, Canada. We used logistic regression and a model selection procedure to determine how habitat characteristics, climatic conditions, and female density influenced fawn survival during the first 8 weeks of life. Fawn survival improved after springs with productive vegetation (high integrated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index values). Fawns that used steeper terrain were more likely to survive. Fawns of both species had improved survival in years with higher densities of mule deer females, but not with higher densities of white-tailed deer females, as predicted if they benefit from protection by mule deer. Our results suggest that topographical variation is a critical resource for neonates of many ungulate species, even species like white-tailed deer that use more gentle terrain when older. Further, our results raise the possibility that neonatal white-tailed fawns may benefit from associating with mule deer females, which may contribute to the expansion of white-tailed deer into areas occupied by mule deer.
Early Kangaroo Care vs. Standard Neonatal Practices: Impact on Survival and Outcomes in Preterm Infants
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06707376. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Bovine Lactoferrin and Neonatal Survival in Low Birth Weight Babies.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03431558. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 8.
Data from: Re-evaluating neonatal-age models for ungulates: does model choice affect survival estimates?
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Data from: The effect of terrain and female density on survival of neonatal white-tailed deer and mule deer fawns
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Data from: Dead before detection: addressing the effects of left truncation on survival estimation and ecological inference for neonates
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Relative reproductive phenology and synchrony affect neonate survival in a nonprecocial ungulate
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Lufwanyama Neonatal Survival Project
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00518856. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 2.
Data from: Phase-dependent climate-predator interactions explain three decades of variation in neonatal caribou survival
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α1ACT is essential for survival and early cerebellar programming in a critical neonatal window
GEO Series GSE126089. Rattus norvegicus. 30 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing; Genome binding/occupancy profiling by high throughput sequencing.
α1ACT is essential for survival and early cerebellar programming in a critical neonatal window [RNA-Seq]
GEO Series GSE126087. Rattus norvegicus. 24 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
The Intrinsic Activity of Thyroxine is Critical for Survival and Growth and Regulates Gene expression in Neonatal Liver
GEO Series GSE154156. Mus musculus. 31 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
RNA Helicase DDX5 Acts as a Critical Regulator for Gonocyte Survival in Neonatal Mouse
GEO Series GSE158285. Mus musculus. 16 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Naushero Feroze Neonatal Survival Project
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01350765. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Survival and nEonatal outComes of veRy Low Birth wEight Infants in Türkiye: Turkish Neonatal Society SECRETS-TR Study
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06543524. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
α1ACT is essential for survival and early cerebellar programming in a critical neonatal window [ChIP-Seq]
GEO Series GSE126088. Rattus norvegicus. 6 samples. Type: Genome binding/occupancy profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Umbilical Venous Versus Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters in Neonates: A Prospective Cohort Study of Complications, Catheter Survival, and CLABSI"
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07209670. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 0.
NSD1 heterozygosity disrupts fetal growth and neonatal survival and placental abnormalities in mice
GEO Series GSE299860. Mus musculus. 12 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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