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87 results for “nest success”
Thermal regimes and hatching success related data for wild king cobra nests from the Western Himalayas, Uttarakhand, India
<p>This dataset, collected between 2009-2020, describes the thermal regimes of wild king cobra nests from the foothills of the Western Himalayas of Uttarakhand, northern India. Nest and ambient temperatures at nest sites were recorded every hour via automatic data loggers during, mostly, the latter part of incubation period (post natural nest-abandonment by female king cobras). Nest attributes (e.g. size, weight etc.) and hatching success parameters (i.e. percentage of hatched eggs and offspring size) are also provided per nest. All uploaded data have been analyzed in the paper: "House warming: wild king cobra nests have thermal regimes that positively affect hatching success and hatchling size" by Dolia et al. (currently under review in Journal of Thermal Biology.)</p>
Variation in North American bumble bee nest success and colony sizes under captive rearing conditions
<p>Of the 265 known bumble bee (<em>Bombus</em>) species, knowledge of colony lifecycle is derived from relatively few species. As interest in <em>Bombus</em> commercialization and conservation grows, it is becoming increasingly important to understand colony growth dynamics across a variety of species since variation exists in nest success, colony growth, and reproductive output. In this study, we documented successful nest initiation and establishment rates of colonies produced from wild-caught gynes, and created a timeline of colony development for fifteen western North American <em>Bombus </em>species captively reared from 2009 to 2019. Additionally, we assessed variation in colony size among five western North American <em>Bombus </em>species from 2015 to 2018. Nest initiation and establishment rates varied greatly among species, ranging from 5–76.1% and 0–71.8%, respectively. <em>Bombus griseocollis </em>had the highest rates of nest success across the eleven-year period, followed by <em>B. occidentalis, B. vosnesenskii, </em>and <em>B. huntii. </em>Further, we identified that colonies reared from two gynes had significantly higher nest initiation and establishment rates per nest box compared to those reared from a single gyne. Colony size also differed significantly among species with <em>B. huntii </em>and <em>B. vosnesenskii </em>producing more worker/drone cells than <em>B. griseocollis, B. occidentalis, </em>and <em>B. vancouverensis. </em>Additionally, gyne production differed significantly among species with <em>B. huntii </em>colonies producing more gynes than <em>B. vosnesenskii. </em>Results from this study increase knowledge of systematic nesting biology for numerous western North American <em>Bombus </em>species under captive rearing conditions, which can further improve rearing techniques available to conservationists and researchers.</p>
Data from: Factors affecting the nesting success of Swainson's thrush (Catharus ustulatus) along an elevational gradient
<p>Montane birds face several ecological challenges during the breeding season, including nest predators, competition for territory, and food availability. The continuing effects of climate change are causing shifts in these plant and animal communities, as well as changes in abiotic factors such as increased temperature and precipitation effects, adding additional stressors that could affect nest survival, putting their populations at risk. The Swainson's thrush (<em>Catharus ustulatus</em>) is migratory songbird which is moderately common and breeds along a wide elevation gradient within this system (200-1,250m). Populations of Swainson's thrush were once declining, though recent research shows their ranges to be shifting downwards, potentially as the result of increased precipitation and temperature at higher elevations. Although lower elevations might be more favorable in terms of climactic conditions, nest predation is higher at lower elevations in other systems. Thus, this species might be faced with the opposing pressures of adverse climactic conditions at higher elevations and increased predation at lower elevations. Nest survival is a fundamental process to population size, and therefore, is important in evaluating how montane breeding birds are adjusting to the changing climate. We monitored nests of Swainson's thrush along an elevation gradient in the White Mountain National Forest in New Hampshire in 2016, 2018, 2019 and 2021 at two sites: Mt. Jefferson (500-1,250m) and Bartlett Experimental Forest (200-300m). We found a significant negative effect of rain intensity (millimeters per hour per day) as well as a negative interaction effect of elevation with minimum daily temperature and average daily temperature, on the daily survival rate of Swainson's thrush. Our results provide evidence that nesting survival of montane breeding birds could be at risk as heavier precipitation events become more frequent and intense, a likely outcome due to the changing climate within the White Mountains and other montane ecosystems, putting other passerine species at risk in this system. </p>
Predator exclosures increase nest success but reduce adult survival and increase dispersal distance of Piping Plovers, indicating exclosures should be used with caution
<p>Diagnosing unsuccessful population outcomes for endangered species requires understanding relationships among vital rates, ecological conditions, and management variables, including unintended consequences of management actions. The federally-threatened Piping Plover (<em>Charadrius melodus</em>) has remained below recovery goals, despite intensive management, including the use of nest exclosures to protect eggs from predation. We studied ecological factors and management actions affecting nest success, survival, site fidelity, and dispersal of the New Jersey, USA population of Piping Plovers over a seven-year period, focused on evaluating the impact of exclosures on demography. While exclosures increased nest success by 62% over a 34-day period, exclosed nests were 4.7 times more likely to be abandoned, which was likely a consequence of adult mortality. Abandoned nests were associated with lower adult survival, particularly for males, but there was evidence that site fidelity was greater for birds whose last nest was exclosed vs. unexclosed. Regardless of exclosure status, females who abandoned their first nesting attempt dispersed 10 times farther between attempts than those whose first nest attempts were lost to other causes. Moreover, females that abandoned their last nesting attempts dispersed farther than females that lost their last nest to predation or flooding. This difference was more substantial for males. Our results corroborate studies documenting adverse impacts of exclosures on survival, and, for the first time, demonstrate that surviving mates (particularly females) emigrate from the breeding site, resulting in a realized loss of a local breeding pair. Further, we used an online population project model (i.e., PiperEx) to demonstrate that exclosures are not expected to improve growth rates in New Jersey. We conclude that there is a tradeoff among increased nest survival, reduced adult survival and increased emigration rates, and we encourage managers to consider whether exclosures are worth the protection of eggs from predators using online decision support tools.</p>
Data from: Earlier springs increase goose breeding propensity and nesting success at Arctic but not at temperature latitudes
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>1. Intermittent breeding is an important tactic in long-lived species that trade off survival and reproduction to maximize lifetime reproductive success. When breeding conditions are unfavourable, individuals are expected to skip reproduction to ensure their own survival. <br>2. Breeding propensity (i.e. the probability for a mature female to breed in a given year) is an essential parameter in determining reproductive output and population dynamics, but is not often studied in birds because it is difficult to obtain unbiased estimates. Breeding conditions are especially variable at high latitudes, potentially resulting in a large effect on breeding propensity of Arctic-breeding migratory birds, such as geese. <br>3. With a novel approach, we used GPS-tracking data to determine nest locations, breeding propensity and nesting success of barnacle geese, and studied how these varied with breeding latitude and timing of arrival on the breeding grounds relative to local onset of spring. <br>4. Onset of spring at the breeding grounds was a better predictor of breeding propensity and nesting success than relative timing of arrival. At Arctic latitudes (> 66°), breeding propensity decreased from 0.89 (95% CI: 0.65-0.97) in early springs to 0.22 (95% CI: 0.06-0.55) in late springs, while at temperate latitudes it varied between 0.75 (95% CI: 0.38-0.93) and 0.89 (95% CI:<span> </span>0.41-0.99) regardless of spring phenology. Nesting success followed a similar pattern, and was lower in later springs at Arctic latitudes, but not at temperate latitudes.<span> </span>In early springs, a larger proportion of geese started breeding despite arriving late relative to the onset of spring, possibly because the early spring enabled them to use local resources to fuel egg laying and incubation. <br>5. While earlier springs due to climate warming are considered to have mostly negative repercussions on reproductive success through phenological mismatches, our results suggest that these effects may partly be offset by higher breeding propensity and nesting success.</span></p>
Saffron-cowled Blackbirds' reduced nest success in Argentina's agricultural land highlights the importance of non-agricultural habitat for its conservation
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Data from: Factors affecting the nesting success of Swainson's thrush (Catharus ustulatus) along an elevational gradient
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Predator exclosures increase nest success but reduce adult survival and increase dispersal distance of Piping Plovers, indicating exclosures should be used with caution
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Data from: Earlier springs increase goose breeding propensity and nesting success at Arctic but not at temperature latitudes
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Data from: Food supplementing peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus tundrius) nests increases reproductive success without changes in parental mean provisioning rate
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Effects of supplemental feeding on nesting success and physiological metrics in Eastern Bluebirds (Sialia sialis)
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Data from: The importance of functional responses among competing predators for avian nesting success
1. The relationship between the rate of predation and prey abundance is an important component of predator-prey dynamics. However, functional responses are less straightforward when multiple predators compete for shared prey. Interactions among competing predators can reduce or enhance effects of predation on prey populations. Because many avian populations experience high rates of nest predation, understanding the role of specific predators on nest mortality will lead to more informed conservation and management strategies which attempt to increase productivity by removing certain predators or managing habitat to limit their impact. 2. Our goal was to evaluate effects of specific predators and the influence of nest abundance on nest mortality. 3. We monitored snowy plover Charadrius nivosus nests across 7 years at two study areas in Utah, USA with remote cameras. We modeled predator-specific hazard rates for nest mortality in a Bayesian framework to assess relationships between competing predators and the role of nest abundance on predator-specific hazard rates. 4. We found that hazard rates for nest mortality by gulls Larus spp. decreased with increasing nest abundance, whereas nest mortality by foxes Vulpes spp. and ravens Corvus corax initially increased, indicating that dietary switching may occur when nests become more abundant. Nest mortalities of specific predators were often not independent and ranged between compensatory (e.g., mammalian mesopredators), and superadditive (e.g., avian predators) across the breeding season. 5. The non-independence between nest mortalities suggests that reductions in some predators may not translate to additive increases in overall nest success. Analyses of cause-specific mortality are rarely applied to avian nests, but examination of interacting impacts among competing predators on nest survival may provide insight into specific drivers of avian population dynamics.
Data from: It's not all about temperature: breeding success also affects nest design
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>There are numerous observational studies on intra-specific variation in avian nest building and a single experimental manipulation. The general consensus is that birds build nests in response to environmental conditions, but it is not clear whether such flexibility in nest building is reproductively advantageous. To test the relationship between building flexibility and reproductive success, we allowed captive zebra finches to build their first nest, using string, and to breed in temperature-controlled rooms held at 14<sup>o</sup>C or 30<sup>o</sup>C. Once the offspring had fledged, we returned half the pairs to breed at the same temperature while half the pairs were switched to the alternative temperature. We provided all pairs with string and left them to build and breed a second time. For their first nest, pairs that built at 14°C used more string than did pairs that built at 30°C, and pairs that bred successfully built a nest with more string than did unsuccessful pairs. When pairs built their second nest, however, temperature no longer explained the number of pieces of string they used; rather, irrespective of the ambient temperature, pairs that had successfully produced young from their first nest used the same amount of string for their second nest while those that had failed to reproduce with their first nest used more string. These latter pairs were then more likely to reproduce successfully. Ambient temperature, therefore, did affect the nest the pairs built, but only in the absence of reproductive experience. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Supporting data for assessing impacts of satellite GPS transmitters on survival, nesting propensity, and nest success of greater sage-grouse
<p>Telemetry technology and data are commonly used to study behavior and demography of wildlife. Satellite-based, global positioning system (GPS) telemetry allows researchers to remotely collect a high volume of fine-resolution animal location data but may also come with hidden costs. For example, recent studies suggested GPS transmitters attached via backpacks may reduce survival of greater sage-grouse (<em>Centrocercus urophasianus</em>) relative to very high frequency (VHF) telemetry transmitters attached via collars. While some evidence suggests GPS backpacks can reduce survival, no studies examined their effects on sage-grouse breeding behavior and success. We compared survival, breeding behavior, and nest success for sage-grouse hens marked with either VHF collars or GPS backpack transmitters in central Idaho, USA. GPS backpacks reduced spring-summer survival relative to VHF collars, yet GPS backpacks did not consistently affect nest success or the likelihood or timing of nest initiation relative to VHF collars. Daily nest survival varied annually and with timing of nest initiation and nest age, but marginal effects of transmitter type were statistically insignificant, and interactions between transmitter type and study year were inconsistent. These results demonstrate the effect of GPS backpacks on sage-grouse survival but also suggest GPS backpacks do not appear to affect components of fecundity. </p>
Nest architecture is linked with ecological success in songbirds
<p>Nests are essential constructions that directly determine fitness, yet their structure can vary substantially across bird species. While there is evidence supporting a link between nest architecture and the habitat a species occupies, we still ignore what ecological and evolutionary processes are linked to different nest types. Using information on 3175 species of songbirds, we show that – after controlling for latitude and body size – species that build domed nests (i.e., nests with a roof) have smaller ranges, are less likely to colonise urban environments and have potentially higher extinction rates compared to species with open and cavity nests. Domed nests could be a costly specialisation, and we show these nests take more time to be built, which could restrict breeding opportunities. These diverse strands of evidence suggest that transition from domed to open nests in passerines could represent an important evolutionary innovation behind the success of the largest bird radiation.</p>
Linking agri-environment scheme habitat area, predation and the abundance of chick invertebrate prey to the nesting success of a declining farmland bird
<p>Across Europe, farmland bird populations have continued to decline since the 1970s owing to the intensification of farming practices. Studies of such declines have tended to focus specifically on either the impacts of habitats (nesting and foraging), nest predators or prey availability on bird demographics. The study presented here provides new insights into the relative effects of each of these factors on Yellowhammer nest survival. The Yellowhammer was selected for this study as it is a UK red-listed bird species whose population is in decline across much of Europe. We use a long-term dataset of 147 nests, monitored between 1995 and 2007, to provide an insight into how Yellowhammer nest survival is influenced by nesting habitat (nest concealment and nest height), foraging habitats (habitat coverage within 100 m of nests), the removal of nest predators (Magpie Pica pica abundance as an inverse measure of avian predator removal through gamekeeping) and food availability (measured with a D-vac invertebrate suction sampler). Our results indicated that Yellowhammer hatching success was negatively related to the coverage of spring agri-environment scheme habitats, a group which represents invertebrate-rich agri-environment habitats, but hatching success increased with nest height. Fledging success was positively related to the coverage of the seed-rich habitat Wild Bird Seed mixture. The farm-level abundance of Yellowhammer chick-food invertebrates declined over the study period. Our results highlight the importance of simultaneously considering multiple agents that shape avian breeding success, i.e. their ability to produce offspring, to inform conservation management. Our key finding for land managers relates to the positive relationship between the proportion seed rich foraging habitat within the Yellowhammer's average foraging range and Yellowhammer fledging success, which shows that a habitat intended primarily to provide winter food resources is also important to breeding birds. Chick food abundance in this habitat was, however, similar to broadleaf and cereal crops. We recommend that this habitat should be provided near to potential Yellowhammer nesting sites and adjacent to invertebrate-rich agri-environment scheme habitats such as beetle banks and conservation headlands to further boost invertebrate resources for a declining farmland bird.</p>
Source data for: Nesting success of Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) in marshes in an anthropogenic landscape
<p>Recent analyses show significant population declines in many abundant avian species, especially marsh-nesting species including the Red-winged Blackbird (RWBL). Hypothesized causes include reduced nesting success resulting from changing land use patterns and exposure to contaminants. Our goal was to test the hypothesis that landscape and nest characteristics as well as exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) correlate with nesting success. From 2008-2014, we measured clutch size, egg and nestling mass, hatching and fledging success, and daily survival of 1293 RWBL nests from 32 marshes in the Hudson River valley of New York. Using generalized linear effect and survival models, we found that: (1) Julian date was negatively related to hatching success and clutch size but positively related to egg mass; (2) nest height was negatively related to hatching success; (3) nestling mass decreased with increased nest density and distance to edges; (4) fledging success was significantly lower in nests closer to the ground that were far from water; and (5) clutch size and daily survival were higher in nests farther from water. Results showed that nesting success was correlated with variables associated with flooding, population density, and predation and provided no support for the predicted negative effects of PCB exposure.</p>
Figure 3 in Nest characteristics and breeding success of Sarus Crane, Antigone antigone (Linnaeus, 1758) (Aves: Gruidae) in different habitats at Dhanauri Wetland, Uttar Pradesh, India
Figure 3. Nest of Sarus Crane in perennial wetland.
Figure 4 in Nest characteristics and breeding success of Sarus Crane, Antigone antigone (Linnaeus, 1758) (Aves: Gruidae) in different habitats at Dhanauri Wetland, Uttar Pradesh, India
Figure 4. Female individual maintaining nest.
Figure 6 in Nest characteristics and breeding success of Sarus Crane, Antigone antigone (Linnaeus, 1758) (Aves: Gruidae) in different habitats at Dhanauri Wetland, Uttar Pradesh, India
Figure 6. Correlation between mean water depth and nest height.
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