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65 results for “niche breadth”
Figure 2 in Trophic breadth niche, prey preference and developmental time of a Balaustium sp. (Acari: Erythraeidae) from Argentina
Figure 2. Ordination diagram of principal components analysis showing the distribution of preys consumption by larvae, deutonymphs, and adults of Balaustium sp. Positions of the arrows relative to Axes 1 and 2 indicate how strongly independent variables are correlated with each axis, and therefore how related variables are to the pattern of preys consumption by Balaustium sp.
Figure 1 in Trophic breadth niche, prey preference and developmental time of a Balaustium sp. (Acari: Erythraeidae) from Argentina
Figure 1. Developmental stages of Balaustium sp. – A. Eggs; B. Deutova; C. Larva; D. Protonymph: E. Deutonymph; F. Tritonymph; G. Adult.
Figure 1 in Spatial distribution and dietary niche breadth of the leopard Panthera pardus (Carnivora: Felidae) in the northeastern Himalayan region of Pakistan
Figure 1. Distribution of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in and around Pir Lasura National Park, northeastern Himalayan region, Pakistan, as indicated by various direct and indirect signs of the species.
Fig. 1 in Patterns of niche breadth and feeding overlap of the fish fauna in the seasonal Brazilian Pantanal, Cuiabá River basin
Fig. 1. Location of the sampling site in the Cuiabá River (1 and 2) and Chacororé pond (3), in the upper Pantanal region, Mato Grosso State, Brazil.
Data from: Vegetation biomass and landscape context shape web-building spider dietary niche breadth in urban vacant lots
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Data from: Niche breadth and divergence in sympatric cryptic coral species (Pocillopora spp.) across habitats within reefs and among algal symbionts
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Data from: Isotopic niches support the resource breadth hypothesis
Because a broad spectrum of resource use allows species to persist in a wide range of habitat types, and thus permits them to occupy large geographical areas, and because broadly distributed species have access to more diverse resource bases, the resource breadth hypothesis posits that the diversity of resources used by organisms should be positively related with the extent of their geographic ranges. We investigated isotopic niche width in a small radiation of South American birds in the genus Cinclodes. We analysed feathers of 12 species of Cinclodes to test the isotopic version of the resource breadth hypothesis and to examine the correlation between isotopic niche breadth and morphology. We found a positive correlation between the widths of hydrogen and oxygen isotopic niches (which estimate breadth of elevational range) and widths of the carbon and nitrogen isotopic niches (which estimates the diversity of resources consumed, and hence of habitats used). We also found a positive correlation between broad isotopic niches and wing morphology. Our study not only supports the resource breadth hypothesis but it also highlights the usefulness of stable isotope analyses as tools in the exploration of ecological niches. It is an example of a macroecological application of stable isotopes. It also illustrates the importance of scientific collections in ecological studies.
Data from: Effects of grain size and niche breadth on species distribution modeling
Scale is a vital component to consider in ecological research, and spatial resolution or grain size is one of its key facets. Species distribution models (SDMs) are prime examples of ecological research in which grain size is an important component. Despite this, SDMs rarely explicitly examine the effects of varying the grain size of the predictors for species with different niche breadths. To investigate the effect of grain size and niche breadth on SDMs, we simulated four virtual species with different grain sizes/niche breadths using three environmental predictors (elevation, aspect, and percent forest) across two real landscapes of differing heterogeneity in predictor values. We aggregated these predictors to seven different grain sizes and modeled the distribution of each of our simulated species using MaxEnt and GLM techniques at each grain size. We examined model accuracy using the AUC statistic, Pearson's correlations of predicted suitability with the true suitability, and the binary area of presence determined from suitability above the maximum True Skill Statistic (TSS) threshold. Habitat specialists were more accurately modeled than generalist species, and the models constructed at the grain size from which a species was derived generally performed the best. The accuracy of models in the homogenous landscape deteriorated with increasing grain size to a greater degree than models in the heterogenous landscape. Variable effects on the model varied with grain size, with elevation increasing in importance as grain size increased while aspect lost importance. The area of predicted presence was drastically affected by grain size, with larger grain sizes over predicting this value by up to a factor of 14. Our results have implications for species distribution modeling and conservation planning, and we suggest more studies include analysis of grain size as part of their protocol.
Data for: Climatic-niche breadth, niche position, and speciation in lizards and snakes
<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The climatic niche is associated with diversification in many groups of animals and plants. However, the relationships between climatic-niche breadth evolution, climatic-niche position evolution, and speciation remain underexplored. It is particularly unclear whether changes in climatic-niche breadth are related to diversification. We tested two hypotheses relating niche breadth, niche position, and speciation using climatic data in Squamata (lizards and snakes), one of the largest radiations of tetrapods. These hypotheses were: (1) the oscillation hypothesis (niche breadth changes along with niche position and speciation); and (2) the musical chairs hypothesis (niche breadth remains relatively constant when niche position changes during speciation).</p> <p><strong>Location:</strong> Global.</p> <p><strong>Taxon:</strong> Squamata (lizards and snakes).</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>We estimated rates of speciation and evolutionary rates for both climatic-niche position and climatic-niche breadth for 5,320 squamate species. We tested relationships among these rates using Bayesian phylogenetic generalized linear-mixed models.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher speciation rates were associated with higher rates of evolution in niche position and in niche breadth. Faster rates of change in niche breadth were related to narrower niches and faster rates of change in niche position.</p> <p><strong>Main Conclusions: </strong>Our results support the oscillation hypothesis to explain the relationships between speciation and changes in climatic niche position and climatic niche breadth. We found that species that changed climatic-niche breadths more rapidly: (1) speciated faster; (2) evolved towards narrower niche breadths; and (3) changed climatic-niche positions more rapidly. These results suggest that the oscillation between wider and narrower niches is coupled with climatic-niche divergence and speciation. These conclusions may apply to many other groups of plants and animals in which speciation is often related to climatic-niche divergence.</p>
Data for: Interactions between breeding system and ploidy affect niche breadth in Solanum
<p>Understanding the factors driving ecological and evolutionary interactions of economically important plant species is important for sustainability. Niches of crop wild relatives, including wild potatoes (Solanum section Petota), have received attention, however, such information has not been analyzed in combination with phylogenetic histories, genomic composition, and reproductive systems. The data presented here provide publically available data on the geographic position, climatic niche, life-history (ploidy/mating system) and chloroplast phylogeny. These data were used to understand the interplay of these factors on climate niche in Solanum. </p>
How to cope with drought and not die trying: drought acclimation across tree species with contrasting niche breadth
<p>Worldwide drought events have been reported to cause tree growth decline and mortality, thus altering the carbon (C) balance of forest ecosystems. While most of the attention has been focused on the physiological mechanisms associated with drought-induced tree responses of a few species at specific locations, the ecological attributes of these species, like their niche breadth, may be also important in determining species' sensitivity or resilience to drought. We postulated that wide-niche breadth tree species should be more drought-resilient than narrow-niche breadth species. 2. Using the most severe 2015-2016 El Niño drought event in the last 70 years in Patagonia, we determined pre- and post-drought growth (BAI, basal area increment), C reserves in the form of non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs = starch and soluble sugars), wood isotope (δ13C, iWUE and δ18O) signaling, and xylem anatomy (mean vessel diameter, mvd) in eight angiosperm tree species of contrasting niche breadth across a sharp precipitation gradient in southern Chile. 3. All species responded in unison after the drought with a non-water-conservative response, maintaining BAI and NSCs concentrations, decreasing δ13C, and increasing both mvd and the soluble sugars:NSCs ratio relative to pre-drought time. Contrary to previous results reporting species-specific drought responses, our results show unequivocally a functional coordination of organisms' vital traits associated with a non-water-conservative strategy, and a drought-induced acclimation based on starch conversion into soluble sugars in all of the tree species we examined, regardless of their niche breadth and habitat preference. 4. We state that abiotic drivers such as drought may have selected similar interspecific responses provided that they operate at the community level rather than at the species level. These findings mark the need to revise current views about the ultimate interspecific functional coordination of organisms' vital traits when facing more frequent and intensive drought events.</p>
Invader abundance and contraction of niche breadth during replacement of a native gammarid amphipod
<p>The introduction of non-native species to new locations is a growing global phenomenon with major negative effects on native species and biodiversity. Such introductions potentially bring competitors into contact leading to partial or total species replacements. This creates an opportunity to study novel species interactions as they occur, with the potential to address the strength of inter- and intraspecific interactions, most notably competition. Such potential has often not been realized, however, due to the difficulties inherent in detecting rapid and spatially expansive species interactions under natural field conditions. The invasive amphipod crustacean <i>Gammarus pulex</i> has replaced a native species, <i>Gammarus duebeni celticus</i>, in river and lake systems across Europe. This replacement process is at least partially driven by differential parasitism, cannibalism and intraguild predation, but the role of interspecific competition has yet to be resolved. Here, we examine how abundance of an invasive species may affect spatial niche breadth of a native congeneric species. We base our analyses of niche breadth on ordination and factor analysis of biological community and physical parameters, respectively, constituting a summative, multidimensional approach to niche breadth along environmental gradients. Results derived from biological and environmental niche criteria were consistent, although interspecific effects were stronger using the biological niche approach. We show that the niche breadth of the native species is constrained as abundance of the invader increases, but the converse effect does not occur. We conclude that the interaction between invasive <i>G. pulex </i>and native <i>G. d. celticus</i> under natural conditions is consistent with strong interspecific competition whereby a native, weaker competitor is replaced by a superior invasive competitor. This study indicates a strong role of interspecific competition, alongside other known interactions such as differential intraguild predation, in rapid and expansive species replacements following biological invasions.</p>
Data for: Recent range shifts of moths, butterflies, and birds are driven by the breadth of their climatic niche
<p><span>Species are altering their ranges as a response to climate change, but the magnitude and direction of observed range shifts vary considerably among species. The ability to persist in current areas and colonize new areas plays a crucial role in determining which species will thrive and which decline as climate change progresses. Several studies have sought to identify characteristics, such as morphological and life-history traits, that could explain differences in the capability of species to shift their ranges together with a changing climate. These characteristics have explained variation in range shifts only sporadically, thus offering an uncertain tool for discerning responses among species. As long-term selection to past climates have shaped species' tolerances, metrics describing species' contemporary climatic niches may provide an alternative means for understanding responses to on-going climate change. Species that occur in a broader range of climatic conditions may hold greater tolerance to climatic variability and could therefore more readily maintain their historical ranges, while species with more narrow tolerances may only persist if they are able to shift in space to track their climatic niche. Here, we provide a first-filter test of the effect of climatic niche dimensions on shifts in the leading range edges in three relatively well-dispersing species groups. Based on the realized changes in the northern range edges of 383 moth, butterfly, and bird species across a boreal 1100 km latitudinal gradient over c. 20 years, we show that while most morphological or life-history traits were not strongly connected with range shifts, moths and birds occupying a narrower thermal niche and butterflies occupying a broader moisture niche across their European distribution show stronger shifts towards the north. Our results indicate that the climatic niche may be important for predicting responses under climate change and as such warrants further investigation of potential mechanistic underpinnings. </span></p>
Data from: The role of niche breadth in oak phylogeography: Quercus glaucoides as a study case
<p>The amount of genetic diversity and its distribution among populations has been associated to species' attributes such as mating system, dispersal ability and geographic range size. Another attribute that could contribute to explain intraspecific phylogeographic patterns is niche breadth, but this relationship barely has been tested. Here, we studied a Mexican oak (<em>Quercus</em> <em>glaucoides</em>) with a comparatively narrow climatic niche breadth. Genetic diversity and structure were assessed, as well as historical demography dynamics and connectivity. Then, we tested for a general correlation of genetic diversity and structure with niche breadth, using our data and previous results from other co-distributed Mexican oaks with variable niche breadths.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong></p> <p>Descriptors of genetic diversity and structure were obtained from 21 <em>Q. glaucoides</em> populations using chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and nuclear microsatellites (nSSRs). Historical demography dynamics were inferred with approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) and past potential distribution models. To test for an association between niche breadth and phylogeographic patterns, we used genetic diversity and differentiation values of <em>Q. glaucoides</em> plus those previously published for other ten species. Niche breadth was estimated for all species and linear regressions were performed.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong></p> <p>Genetic diversity calculated from nSSRs (<em>H</em><sub>O</sub>= 0.539; <em>H</em><sub>E</sub>= 0.714) was among the lowest, and cpDNA differentiation (<em>N</em><sub>ST</sub>= 0.88) was the highest so far obtained for comparable Mexican oaks. Moderate changes in demographic size and distribution shifts throughout the last glacial cycle were inferred, explaining some of the observed genetic patterns. A positive correlation of <em>H</em><sub>O</sub> and a negative correlation of <em>N</em><sub>ST</sub> with niche breadth were detected across species. </p> <p><strong>Main conclusions</strong></p> <p>Distinct phylogeographic patterns in <em>Q. glaucoides</em> could be explained because a narrower niche may cause lower historical effective population sizes and more fragmented distributions in comparison to species with a wider niche breadth, even with similar range sizes.</p>
Dispersal ability and niche breadth influence interspecific variation in spider abundance and occupancy
<p><span>The relationship between species local abundance and their regional distribution (occupancy) is one of the most extensively recognised and investigated patterns in ecology. While exceptions exist, the generally held model is that locally abundant species also tend to be more widespread geographically. However, there is only a limited understanding of both the mechanisms driving this relationship, and their scale dependency. Here we use occupancy and abundance data for 123 species of spider from across the Canary Islands to understand how both dispersal ability and niche breadth might mediate variation among species for local abundance and occupancy. We test the predictions that (i) dispersal ability explains variation among species for both abundance and occupancy, and (ii) species with a higher degree of habitat specialisation, reflecting more limited niche breadth, will have both higher occupancy and abundance. We find no evidence within habitat patches for an effect of dispersal ability on either local abundance or site occupancy, while across all patches species with higher dispersal ability tend to occupy more sites. Species largely restricted to laurel forests have higher abundance than species with broader niche breadth, but similar occupancy. </span><span>The study revealed that dispersal ability and niche breadth were significant predictors of the abundance-occupancy relationship, highlighting the importance of both factors for understating patterns of abundance and occupancy among spider species.</span></p>
Niche breadth explains the range size of European-centred butterflies, but dispersal ability does not
<p><strong><span>Aim</span></strong><span>:</span><span> The breadth of ecological niches and dispersal abilities have long been discussed as important determinants of species' range sizes. However, studies directly comparing the relative effects of both factors are rare, taxonomically biased and revealed inconsistent results.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Location</strong>:</span> <span>Europe.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Time period</strong>:</span><span> Cenozoic.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Major taxa</strong>:</span><span> Butterflies, Lepidoptera.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Methods</strong>:</span><span> We relate climate, diet, and habitat niche breadth and two indicators of dispersal ability, wingspan and a dispersal tendency index, to the global range size of 369 European-centred butterfly species. The relative effects of these five predictors and their variation across the butterfly phylogeny were assessed by means of phylogenetic generalized least squares models and phylogenetically weighted regressions, respectively.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Results</strong>:</span><span> Climate niche breadth was the most important single predictor, followed by habitat and diet niche breadth, while dispersal tendency and wingspan showed no relation to species' range size. All predictors together explained 59% of the variation in butterfly range size. However, the effects of each predictor varied considerably across families and genera.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Main</strong> <strong>conclusions</strong>:</span><span> Range sizes of European-centred butterflies are strongly correlated with ecological niche breadth but apparently independent of dispersal ability. The magnitude of range size – niche breadth relationships is not stationary across the phylogeny and is often negatively correlated across the different dimensions of the ecological niche. This variation limits the generalizability of range size–trait relationships across broad taxonomic groups.</span></p>
Dispersal ability and niche breadth influence interspecific variation in spider abundance and occupancy
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Untangling the importance of niche breadth and niche position as drivers of tree species abundance and occupancy across biogeographic regions
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Data from: Effects of grain size and niche breadth on species distribution modeling
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R codes and their outputs used for: Evolution of realised niche breadth diversity driven by community dynamics
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Allen Brain Atlas
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.