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74 results for “niche divergence”
Global variation in zooplankton niche divergence across ocean basins
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Data from: Niche breadth and divergence in sympatric cryptic coral species (Pocillopora spp.) across habitats within reefs and among algal symbionts
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Fine-scale empirical data on niche divergence and homeolog expression patterns in an allopolyploid and its diploid progenitor species
<ul> <li>Polyploidization is pervasive in plants, but little is known about the niche divergence of wild allopolyploids (species that harbor polyploid genomes originating from different diploid species) relative to their diploid progenitor species and the gene expression patterns that may underlie such ecological divergence. We conducted a fine-scale empirical study on habitat and gene expression of an allopolyploid and its diploid progenitors.</li> <li> We quantified soil properties and light availability of habitats of an allotetraploid <i>Cardamine flexuosa</i> and its diploid progenitors <i>C. amara</i> and <i>C. hirsuta</i> in two seasons. We analyzed expression patterns of genes and homeologs (homeologous gene copies in allopolyploids) using RNA-seq.</li> <li>We detected niche divergence between the allopolyploid and its diploid progenitors along water availability gradient at a fine scale: the diploids in opposite extremes and the allopolyploid in a broader range between diploids, with limited overlap with diploids at both ends. Most of the genes whose homeolog expression ratio changed among habitats in <i>C. flexuosa</i> varied spatially and temporally. </li> <li>These findings provide empirical evidence for niche divergence between an allopolyploid and its diploid progenitor species at a fine scale and suggest that divergent expression patterns of homeologs in an allopolyploid may underlie its persistence in diverse habitats.</li> </ul>
Divergence in cold tolerance promotes niche differentiation between diploid and polyploid kiwifruits along an altitudinal gradient in Southwest China
<p>Polyploidization is hypothesized to improve the freezing resistance of plants in cold regions. However, adaptive strategies and key physiological mechanisms involved in the freezing resistant ability of polyploids remain unclear. In <em>Actinidia chinensis</em> (kiwifruits), the tetraploids and hexaploids occupy higher altitude habitats with colder climates than the diploids, providing a study system to investigate mechanisms responsible for differentiation in freezing resistance between cytotypes. We characterized environmental conditions of their natural distribution areas, and measured leaf-level traits of cold damages and water relations at typical sites of each cytotype along an altitudinal gradient. Polyploids showed lower semi-lethal temperature (LT<sub>50</sub>) than ice nucleation temperature (INT), reflecting a tolerance strategy to cope with freezing events in the plateau regions. More negative turgor loss points and larger cell elastic modulus of polyploids could help to alleviate damages from freezing-induced cell dehydration, thus strengthening their tolerance to lower subzero temperatures (lower LT<sub>50</sub>). The increased supercooling capacity of polyploids (lower INT) might correlate with less extracellular ice formation due to lower osmotic potential at full turgor, apoplastic water fraction and tissue capacitance. Our study uncovers a greater cold tolerance in polyploid kiwifruits than diploids, and suggests the potential linkage between freezing tolerance and water relations. Taken together, such a divergence in stress resistance may underlie the niche shift of polyploid plants towards harsh environments.</p>
Data from: revisiting niche divergence hypothesis in dimorphic birds: is diet overlap correlated with sexual size dimorphism?
<p>The evolution of sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is a long-standing topic in evolutionary biology, but there is little agreement on the extent to which SSD is driven by the different selective forces. While sexual selection and fecundity selection have traditionally been proposed as the two leading hypotheses, SSD may also result from natural selection through mechanisms such as sexual niche divergence, which might have reduced resource competition between sexes. Here, we revisited the niche divergence hypothesis by testing the relationship between the sexual overlap in diet and SSD of 56 bird species using phylogenetic comparative analyses. We then assessed how SSD variation relates to the three main hypotheses: sexual selection, fecundity selection, and sexual niche divergence using phylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLS). Then, we compared sexual selection, fecundity selection, and niche divergence selection as SSD drivers through phylogenetic confirmatory path analyses to disentangle the possible causal evolutionary relationships between SSD and the three hypotheses. Phylogenetic generalized least squares showed that SSD was negatively correlated with diet overlap, i. e., the greater the difference in body size between males and females, the less diet overlap. As predicted by sexual selection theory, the difference in body size between sexes was higher in polygynous species. Confirmatory phylogenetic path analyses suggested that the most likely evolutionary path might include mating system as a main driver in SSD and niche divergence as a result of SSD. We found no evidence of a role of fecundity selection in the evolution of female-biased SSD. Our study provides evidence that sexual selection has likely been the main cause of SSD and that dietary divergence is likely an indirect effect of SSD.</p>
Polyploidy promotes divergent evolution across the leaf economics spectrum and plant edaphic niche in the Dianthus broteri complex
<ol> <li>The evolution of the leaf economics spectrum (LES) is known to be constrained by genetic relatedness but also promoted at small geographic and phylogenetic scales. In those cases, we hypothesised that polyploidy would play a prominent role as an outstanding source of functional divergence and adaptive potential.</li> <li>We registered leaf-level nutrient, water and light economy related traits from the LES as well as edaphic properties in the four cytotypes of the autopolyploid <i>Dianthus broteri</i> complex (2×, 4×, 6× and 12×). We analysed the effect of ploidy level on the integration of the LES network, checked if concerted evolution occurred between LES and soil niche and tested the influence of phylogeny on the variables. Alternative evolutionary models for both sets of traits were compared.</li> <li> <span>We found higher divergence of polyploids (especially 6</span>×<span> and 12</span>×<span>) compared to diploids</span> in the LES and soil niche, but these traits are not coevolving. <span>6</span>×<span> and 12</span>× showed opposite ecological strategies regarding resource use and higher uncoupling of the LES network. Early divergence of traits prevailed in both LES and edaphic niche (supported by better fitted evolutionary models with one optimum per cytotype), but post-polyploidization processes played an important role for the photochemical behaviour.</li> <li> <i>Synthesis.</i><b> </b><span>Our results indicated shifts in ecological strategies across <i>D. broteri</i> cytotypes and suggested a powerful role of polyploidy in overcoming constraints for the evolution of plant functional traits.</span> </li> </ol>
Abiotic niche divergence of hybrid species from their progenitors
<p><span>Although more frequently discussed recently than previously, the role of ecology in homoploid hybrid and allopolyploid speciation has not been subjected to comparative analysis. </span><span>We examined abiotic niche divergence of 22 assumed homoploid hybrid species and 60 allopolyploid species from those of their progenitors. Ecological niche modeling (ENM) was employed in an analysis of each species' fundamental niche, and ordination methods were used in an analysis of realized niches. Both analyses utilized </span><span>100, 000 georeferenced records</span><span>. From estimates of niche overlap and niche breadth, we identified for both types of hybrid species four niche divergence patterns: </span><span>niche novelty</span><span>, niche contraction, niche intermediacy and niche expansion. N</span><span>iche shifts involving niche novelty were common and considered likely to play an important role in the establishment of both types of hybrid species, although more so for homoploid hybrid species than allopolyploid species. Approximately 70% of homoploid hybrid species versus 37% allopolyploid species showed shifts in fundamental niche from their parents, and ~86% versus ~52%, respectively, exhibited shifts in realized niche. Climate was shown to contribute more than </span><span>soil and landform </span><span>to niche shifts in both types of hybrid species. Overall, our results highlight the significance of abiotic niche divergence for hybrid speciation, especially without genome duplication.</span></p>
Temporal stability of polymorphic Arctic charr parasite communities reflect sustained divergent trophic niches
<p>Polymorphic Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus populations frequently display distinct differences in habitat use, diet and parasite communities. Changes to the relative species densities and composition of the wider fish community have the potential to alter the habitat-niche of sympatric Arctic charr populations. This study evaluated the temporal stability of the parasite community, diet and stable isotopes (δ13C, δ15N) of three sympatric Arctic charr morphs (piscivore, benthivore and planktivore) from Loch Rannoch, Scotland, in relation to changes to the fish community. All Arctic charr morphs displayed distinct differences parasite communities, diet and stable isotope signatures over time, despite the establishment of four new trophically transmitted parasite taxa, and increased fish and zooplankton consumption by the piscivorous and planktivore morphs respectively. Native parasite prevalence also increased in all Arctic charr morphs. Overall, Loch Rannoch polymorphic Arctic charr morph populations have maintained their distinct trophic niches and parasite communities through time despite changes in the fish community. This result indicates that restocking of a native fish species has the potential to induce shifts in the parasite community and diet of Arctic charr morphs.</p>
Data from: Experimental evolution of halophiles: rapid divergence along a multidimensional niche
<p>This data was collected during the study entitled "Experimental evolution of halophiles: rapid divergence along a multidimensional niche."</p> <p>We explored multidimensional niche breadth evolution among two halophilic species, an archaeon (<em>Halobacterium salinarum</em>) and a bacterium (<em>Salinibacter ruber</em>). We propagated each species in rich and poor media for 60 generations and measured associated changes across novel conditions. In particular, we isolated the effects of selection history on axes of salinity and resource abundance, documenting whether shifts in niche breadth are context-dependent.</p> <p>Growth curves were generated via daily measurements over 5 days (4 replicate populations per treatment), with the area under the curve used as a proxy for absolute fitness in a given environment. Relative fitness was calculated as the fitness of the derived populations (following 10 transfers in their respective environment) divided by the fitness of the ancestral populations. </p>
Sequencing data for: Chronosequence of invasion reveals minimal losses of population genomic diversity, niche expansion, and trait divergence in the polyploid, leafy spurge
<p>Rapid evolution may play an important role in the range expansion of invasive species and modify forecasts of invasion, which are the backbone of land management strategies. However, losses of genetic variation associated with colonization bottlenecks may constrain trait and niche divergence at leading range edges, thereby impacting management decisions that anticipate future range expansion. The spatial and temporal scales over which adaptation contributes to invasion dynamics remain unresolved. We leveraged detailed records of the ~130-year invasion history of the invasive polyploid plant, leafy spurge (<em>Euphorbia</em> <em>virgata</em>), across ~500km in Minnesota, U.S.A. We examined the consequences of range expansion for population genomic diversity, niche breadth, and the evolution of germination behavior. Using genotyping-by-sequencing, we found some population structure in the range core, where introduction occurred, but panmixia among all other populations. Range expansion was accompanied by only modest losses in sequence diversity, with small, isolated populations at the leading edge harboring similar levels of diversity to those in the range core. The climatic niche expanded during most of the range expansion, and the niche of the range core was largely non-overlapping with the invasion front. Ecological niche models indicated that mean temperature of the warmest quarter was the strongest determinant of habitat suitability and that populations at the leading edge had the lowest habitat suitability. Guided by these findings, we tested for rapid evolution in germination behavior over the time course of range expansion using a common garden experiment and temperature manipulations. Germination behavior diverged from early to late phases of the invasion, with populations from later phases having higher dormancy at lower temperatures. Our results suggest that trait evolution may have contributed to niche expansion during invasion and that distribution models, which inform future management planning, may underestimate invasion potential without accounting for evolution.</p>
Hetaerina SNPs data for: Genomic differentiation and niche divergence in the Hetaerina americana (Odonata) cryptic species complex
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst"><span>The evolution of reproductive barriers, that is, the speciation process, implies the limitation of gene flow between populations. Different patterns of genomic differentiation throughout the speciation continuum may provide insights into the causal evolutionary forces of species divergence. In this study, we analyzed a cryptic species complex of the genus <em>Hetaerina</em> (Odonata). This complex includes <em>H. americana</em> and <em>H. calverti</em>; however, in <em>H. americana</em>, two highly differentiated genetic groups have been previously detected, which, we hypothesize, may correspond to different species with low morphological variation. We obtained single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data for 90 individuals belonging to the different taxa in the complex and carried out differentiation tests to identify genetic isolation. The results from STRUCTURE and discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC), based on almost 5,000 SNPs, confirmed the presence of three highly differentiated taxa. Also, we found <em>F</em><sub>ST </sub>values above 0.5 in pairwise comparisons, which indicates a considerable degree of genetic isolation among the suggested species. We also found </span><span>low climatic niche overlap among all taxa, suggesting that each group occurs at specific conditions of temperature, precipitation and elevation</span><span>. We propose that <em>H. americana</em> comprises two cryptic species, which may be reproductively isolated by ecological barriers related to niche divergence, since the morphological variation is minimal and, therefore, mechanical barriers are probably less effective compared to other related species such as <em>H. calverti</em>.</span></p>
Divergence in cold tolerance promotes niche differentiation between diploid and polyploid kiwifruits along an altitudinal gradient in Southwest China
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Fine-scale empirical data on niche divergence and homeolog expression patterns in an allopolyploid and its diploid progenitor species
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: revisiting niche divergence hypothesis in dimorphic birds: is diet overlap correlated with sexual size dimorphism?
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Temporal stability of polymorphic Arctic charr parasite communities reflect sustained divergent trophic niches
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Sequencing data for: Chronosequence of invasion reveals minimal losses of population genomic diversity, niche expansion, and trait divergence in the polyploid, leafy spurge
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Hetaerina SNPs data for: Genomic differentiation and niche divergence in the Hetaerina americana (Odonata) cryptic species complex
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Polyploidy promotes divergent evolution across the leaf economics spectrum and plant edaphic niche in the Dianthus broteri complex
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Abiotic niche divergence of hybrid species from their progenitors
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Data from: Niche divergence versus neutral processes: combined environmental and genetic analyses identify contrasting patterns of differentiation in recently diverged pine species
Background and Aims: Solving relationships of recently diverged taxa, poses a challenge due to shared polymorphism and weak reproductive barriers. Multiple lines of evidence are needed to identify independently evolving lineages. This is especially true of long-lived species with large effective population sizes, and slow rates of lineage sorting. North American pines are an interesting group to test this multiple approach. Our aim is to combine cytoplasmic genetic markers with environmental information to clarify species boundaries and relationships of the species complex of Pinus flexilis, Pinus ayacahuite, and Pinus strobiformis. Methods: Mitochondrial and chloroplast sequences were combined with previously obtained microsatellite data and contrasted with environmental information to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships of the species complex. Ecological niche models were compared to test if ecological divergence is significant among species. Key Results and Conclusion: Separately, both genetic and ecological evidence support a clear differentiation of all three species but with different topology, but also reveal an ancestral contact zone between P. strobiformis and P. ayacahuite. The marked ecological differentiation of P. flexilis suggests that ecological speciation has occurred in this lineage, but this is not reflected in neutral markers. The inclusion of environmental traits in phylogenetic reconstruction improved the resolution of internal branches. We suggest that combining environmental and genetic information would be useful for species delimitation and phylogenetic studies in other recently diverged species complexes.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.