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141 results for “niche partitioning”
Data from: Pop‐off data storage tags reveal niche partitioning between native and non‐native predators in a novel ecosystem
1. Niche partitioning might be predicted to be particularly dynamic in 'novel ecosystems' characterized by human-altered environmental conditions and biological invasions. Restoration efforts for native species in such systems can be informed by detailed characterization of niche partitioning. 2. In Lake Ontario, fishery management agencies have been engaged in a long-term struggle to restore native top predators including lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). Meanwhile, management agencies continue to stock non-native species like Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) into the lake to support a recreational fishery and to help control the abundance of a non-native forage fish, the alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus). 3. We used pop-off data storage tags to study fine scale (9.1M lines of data from 22 animals) behaviour and habitat use by lake trout (native) and Chinook salmon (non-native) in Lake Ontario in terms of depth and temperature, recorded at ≤70 s intervals for periods of up to 12 months. 4. Chinook salmon occupied warmer and shallower waters during summer than did lake trout, and their niche breadth was wider. They achieved greater niche breadth in part because they were much more active vertically, cumulatively traveling 103±1 m hour-1 during summer (model-estimated median), whereas most lake trout were relatively inactive vertically (7±1 m hour-1). In each of our analyses, there was more inter-individual variation among lake trout than among Chinook salmon, driven by some lake trout that spent considerable time making forays into warmer, shallower waters. 5. Synthesis and applications. Our results illustrate the different foraging tactics used by two species in the Great Lakes and reflect their distinct life histories. Vertical and thermal niche partitioning between Chinook salmon and lake trout helps to explain how these species can co-exist in a multi-species fishery even while having substantial overlap in diet. The diversity of behaviours exhibited here by native lake trout have likely helped them persist during dramatic changes to the forage base in recent decades; that flexibility could help underlie their long-term prospects for restoration during future changes to the ecosystem.
Isotopic niche partitioning and individual specialization in an Arctic raptor guild
<p>Intra- and inter-specific resource partitioning within predator communities is a fundamental component of trophic ecology, and one proposed mechanism for how populations partition resources is through individual niche variation. The Niche Variation Hypothesis (NVH) predicts that inter-individual trait variation leads to functional trade-offs in foraging efficiency, resulting in populations composed of individual dietary specialists. The degree to which niche specialization persists within a population is plastic and responsive to fluctuating resource availability. We quantified niche overlap and tested the NVH within an Arctic raptor guild, focusing on three species that employ different foraging strategies: golden eagles (generalists); gyrfalcons (facultative specialists); and rough-legged hawks (specialists). Tundra ecosystems exhibit cyclic populations of arvicoline rodents (lemmings and voles), providing a unique system in which to examine predator diet in response to interannual fluctuations in resource availability. Using blood δ13C and δ15N values from 189 raptor nestlings on Alaska's Seward Peninsula (2014–2019), we calculated isotopic niche width and used Bayesian stable isotope mixing models (BSIMMs) to characterize individual specialization and test the NVH. Nest-level specialization estimated from stable isotopes was strongly correlated with indices of specialization based on camera trap data. We observed a high degree of isotopic niche overlap between the three species and gyrfalcons displayed a positive relationship between individual specialization and population niche width on an interannual basis consistent with the NVH. Our findings suggest plasticity in niche specialization may reduce intra- and inter-specific resource competition under dynamic ecological conditions.</p>
Niche partitioning between planktivorous fish in the pelagic Baltic Sea assessed by DNA metabarcoding, qPCR and microscopy: Data and Analyses
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Marine communities undergo rapid changes because of human-induced ecosystem pressures. The Baltic Sea pelagic food web has experienced several regime shifts during the past century, resulting in a system where competition between planktivorous mesopredators is assumed to be high. While the two clupeids sprat and herring reveal signs of competition, the stickleback population has increased drastically during the past decades. Here, we investigate diet overlap between the three dominating planktivorous fish in the Baltic Sea, utilizing DNA metabarcoding on the <em>18S rRNA</em> gene and the <em>COI </em>gene, targeted qPCR, and microscopy. Our results show niche differentiation between clupeids and stickleback and that rotifers play an important function in niche partitioning of stickleback, as a resource that is not being used, neither by the clupeids nor by other zooplankton. <span>We further show that all the diet assessment methods used in this study are consistent but DNA metabarcoding describes the plankton-fish link at the highest taxonomic resolution. </span>This study suggests that rotifers and other understudied soft-bodied prey may have an important function in the pelagic food web and that the growing population of pelagic stickleback is supported by the unutilized feeding niche offered by the rotifers.</span></p>
Fig. 5 in Niche partitioning in two syntopic mudskipper species (Teleostei: Gobiidae: Oxudercinae) in a Singapore mangrove
Fig. 5. Abiotic characterisation of the demarcated permanent plots (n = 18): (a) two-dimensional MDS on canopy cover, sediment organic content and sediment particle sizes, (b) mean canopy cover and (c) mean organic content of the sediment. sig.—significant; n.s.—not significant; error bars—standard error.
Fig. 1 in Niche partitioning in two syntopic mudskipper species (Teleostei: Gobiidae: Oxudercinae) in a Singapore mangrove
Fig. 1. Plot fidelity exhibited by a Periophthalmus walailakae individual monitored over four spring tides—(a) relative positions of concavities in permanent plot, (b) 30 August 2010: individual in burrow A, (c) 12 September 2010: individual in burrow B, (d) 27 September 2010: individual in burrow C, (e) 11 October 2010: individual in burrow B.
Fig. 3 in Niche partitioning in two syntopic mudskipper species (Teleostei: Gobiidae: Oxudercinae) in a Singapore mangrove
Fig. 3. Prey items encountered in Periophthalmodon schlosseri and Periophthalmus walailakae: (a) Paracleistostoma depressum, (b) Baruna trigranulum, (c) Haberma nanum, (d) winged insect, (e) sipunculid worm and (f) polychaete worm.
Soundscape records (.wav files) used for: Species Assembly of Highland Anuran Communities in Equatorial Africa (Virunga Massif): Soundscape, Acoustic Niches, and Partitioning
<p>The data set comprises sample recordings used for a paper published in "Animals" .</p> <p>Title: "Species assembly of highland anuran communities in equatorial Africa (Virunga Massif): soundscape, acoustic niches and partitioning", authors: Ulrich Sinsch<sup>1</sup>*, Deogratias Tuyisingize<sup>2</sup>, J. Maximilian Dehling<sup>1</sup> and Yntze van der Hoek<sup>2; </sup><sup>1</sup> Institute of Integrated Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Koblenz, D-56070 Koblenz, Germany; <a href="mailto:sinsch@uni-koblenz.de">sinsch@uni-koblenz.de</a>, <a href="mailto:dehling@uni-koblenz.de">dehling@uni-koblenz.de; </a><sup>2 </sup>Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund, Ellen DeGeneres Campus, Kinigi, Rwanda; <a href="mailto:dtuyisingize@gorillafund.org">dtuyisingize@gorillafund.org</a>, <a href="mailto:yvanderhoek@gorillafund.org">yvanderhoek@gorillafund.org</a> .</p> <p>Citation: Animals 2024, 14, 2360. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14162360 </p> <p>https://www.mdpi.com/journal/animals</p> <p> </p> <p>Descriptor of each file is the heading. Example:</p> <p>Ngezi 20191217_190000 castaneus glandicolor karissimbensis kivuensis</p> <p>Ngezi = Locality in VNP;</p> <p>20191217_190000 = record date December 17, 2019, at 19.00 h = 7 pm</p> <p>castaneus glandicolor karissimbensis kivuensis = Anuran species recorded <em>Hyperolius castaneus, Hyperolius</em> <em>glandicolor, Leptopelis karissimbensis</em> and <em>Leptopelis kivuensis</em>.</p> <p>Further details are given in the text of the paper</p>
Fig. 2 in Niche partitioning between juvenile sympatric crocodilians in Mesangat Lake, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Fig. 2. Boxplots of the distance to the nearest tree, floating grass mat, and invasive floating plants Eicchornia crassipes and Salvinia cucullata in the two main habitat types in Mesangat wetland: the open areas and the flooded forest. The habitats differ significantly in median distance from a transect line point to the nearest tree (W = 5807.5, nopen = 109, nforest = 56, P <0.001). Floating grass mats are present predominantly in the open areas where median distance from the transect to the nearest grass mat was significantly smaller than in flooded forest (W = 697, nopen = 108, nforest = 39, P <0.001). The invasive plant species, E. crassipes and S. cucullata, were found in both habitats. Median distances from transect points to the nearest exotic plant did not differ significantly between the flooded forest and open areas (E. crassipes: W = 186.5, nopen = 22, nforest = 24, P = 0.089; S. cucullata: W = 801, nopen = 48, nforest = 39, P = 0.249).
Fig. 6 in Niche partitioning between juvenile sympatric crocodilians in Mesangat Lake, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Fig. 6. Percentage of stomach content samples of C. siamensis (n = 16) and T. schlegelii (n = 26) containing different prey items: birds, fish, amphibians, invertebrates, plants, reptiles and mammals.
Fig. 1 in Niche partitioning between juvenile sympatric crocodilians in Mesangat Lake, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Fig. 1. Wild juvenile Crocodylus siamensis (A) and Tomistoma schlegelii (B) captured in Mesangat Lake.
Fig. 5 in Niche partitioning between juvenile sympatric crocodilians in Mesangat Lake, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Fig. 5. Sightings of C. siamensis (n = 71) and T. schlegelii (n = 101) belonging to different estimated size classes, spotted in Mesangat Lake during different seasons: dry (2011), transitional (2012) and wet (2010).
Fig. 4 in Niche partitioning between juvenile sympatric crocodilians in Mesangat Lake, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Fig. 4. Boxplots of the distance to the nearest tree and the nearest floating grass mat of T. schlegelii (n = 28) and C. siamensis (n = 33) spotted and/or captured in Mesangat wetland in May–June 2012. All C. siamensis and 7% of T. schlegelii sightings occurred in open areas with floating grass mats. Tomistoma schlegelii was found at significantly larger median distances from grass mats than C. siamensis (W = 823, n1 = 28, n2 = 33, P <0.001) and significantly closer to the nearest tree (W = 129.5, n1 = 28, n2 = 33, P <0.001).
Fig.3 in Niche partitioning between juvenile sympatric crocodilians in Mesangat Lake, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Fig.3. Locations of C. siamensis and T. schlegelii spotted in Mesangat Lake habitats in the three seasons: wet (2010), dry (2011) and transitional (2012). Data on C. siamensis distribution in 2010 and 2011 refer to Behler et al. (2018). Base map: ArcMap Bing Aerial.
Can diet niche partitioning enhance sexual dimorphism?
<ol> <li class="MsoNormal"> <span>Classic evolutionary theory suggests that sexual dimorphism evolves primarily via sexual and fecundity selection. However, theory and evidence is beginning to accumulate suggesting that resource competition can drive the evolution of sexual dimorphism, </span>via<span> ecological character displacement between sexes. A key prediction of </span>this<span> hypothesis is that the extent of ecological divergence between sexes will be associated with the extent of sexual dimorphism. </span> </li> <li class="MsoNormal"> <span>As the stable isotope ratios of animal tissues provide a quantitative measure of various aspects of ecology, we carried out a meta-analysis examining associations between the extent of isotopic divergence between sexes and the extent of body size dimorphism. </span>Our <span>models demonstrat</span>e<span> that large amounts of between-study variation in isotopic (ecological) divergence between sexes is non-random and may be associated with the traits of study subjects. We therefore completed meta-regressions to examine whether the extent of isotopic divergence between sexes is associated with the extent of sexual size dimorphism. </span> </li> <li class="MsoNormal"><span>We found modest but significantly positive associations across species between size dimorphism and ecological differences between sexes, that increased in strength when the ecological opportunity for dietary divergence between sexes was greatest.</span></li> <li class="MsoNormal"><span>Our results therefore provide further evidence that ecologically mediated selection, not directly related to reproduction, can contribute to the evolution of sexual dimorphism.</span></li> </ol>
FIGURE 5 in Timing Is Everything: Acoustic Niche Partitioning in Two Tropical Wet Forest Bird Communities
FIGURE 5 | Comparison of observed and expected number of pairs of species with overlapping vocalization frequencies in each location (significance "**"α = 0.01). The null distributions were generated using 500 randomizations of species distribution across locations (keeping species richness per location unchanged).
FIGURE 4 in Timing Is Everything: Acoustic Niche Partitioning in Two Tropical Wet Forest Bird Communities
FIGURE 4 | Comparison of observed and expected number of heterospecific pairs of vocalizations with overlapping vocalization times and frequencies in each location (significance "***"α = 0.001, "**"α = 0.01). The null distributions were generated using 500 randomizations of the beginning of vocalizations (keeping number, length and spectral characteristics unchanged).
FIGURE 3 in Timing Is Everything: Acoustic Niche Partitioning in Two Tropical Wet Forest Bird Communities
FIGURE 3 | Comparison of species vocalization characteristics (A,B), the number of vocalizations per 5-min record (C), and number of species recorded per location (D) between Costa Rica (CR) and Hawai'i (HI) (P-value indicates the significance of Wilcoxon's rank sum test).
FIGURE 2 in Timing Is Everything: Acoustic Niche Partitioning in Two Tropical Wet Forest Bird Communities
FIGURE 2 | List of detected species with their vocalization ranges (left figures) and their locations of occurrence (right figures) in Costa Rica and Hawai'i. On the left figures, gray background represents potential overlapping in a given frequency, the darker the background, the higher the number of species using this frequency.
FIGURE 1 in Timing Is Everything: Acoustic Niche Partitioning in Two Tropical Wet Forest Bird Communities
FIGURE 1 | Species accumulation curves (mean of 500 iterations) for each of six recording locations in Costa Rica and Hawai'i.
Isotopic niche partitioning and individual specialization in an Arctic raptor guild
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