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19 results for “niche region”
Figure 1 in Spatial distribution and dietary niche breadth of the leopard Panthera pardus (Carnivora: Felidae) in the northeastern Himalayan region of Pakistan
Figure 1. Distribution of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in and around Pir Lasura National Park, northeastern Himalayan region, Pakistan, as indicated by various direct and indirect signs of the species.
Data from: Traits mediate niches and co-occurrences of forest beetles in ways that differ among bioclimatic regions
<p><b>Aim</b></p> <p>To investigate the role of traits in beetle community assembly and test for consistency in these effects among several bioclimatic regions. We asked (1) whether traits predicted species' responses to environmental gradients (i.e., their niches), (2) whether these same traits could predict co-occurrence patterns, and (3) how consistent were niches and the role of traits among study regions.</p> <p><b>Location</b></p> <p>Boreal forests in Norway and Finland, temperate forests in Germany.</p> <p><b>Methods</b></p> <p>We complied capture records of 468 wood-living beetle species from the three regions, along with nine morphological and ecological traits. Eight climatic and forest covariates were also collected. We used Bayesian hierarchical joint species distribution models to estimate the influence of traits and phylogeny on species' niches. We also tested for correlations between species associations and trait similarity. Finally, we compared species niches and the effects of traits among study regions.</p> <p><b>Results</b></p> <p>Traits explained some of the variability in species' niches, but their effects differed among study regions. However, substantial phylogenetic signal in species niches implies that unmeasured but phylogenetically structured traits have a stronger effect. Degree of trait similarity was correlated with species associations but depended idiosyncratically on the trait and region. Species niches were much more consistent – widespread taxa often responded similarly to an environmental gradient among regions.</p> <p><b>Main conclusions</b></p> <p>The inconsistent effects of traits among regions limits their current use in understanding beetle community assembly. Phylogenetic signal in niches, however, implies that better predictive traits can eventually be identified. Consistency of species niches among regions means niches may remain relatively stable under future climate and land use changes; this lends credibility to predictive distribution models based on future climate projections but may imply that species' scope for short-term adaptation is limited.</p>
Data from: Climate niches structure a regional hybrid zone in <em>Sphagnum</em> (peatmoss, Bryophyta)
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Data from: Traits mediate niches and co-occurrences of forest beetles in ways that differ among bioclimatic regions
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Data from: Detection of evolutionary conserved and accelerated genomic regions related to adaptation to thermal niches in Anolis lizards
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Untangling the importance of niche breadth and niche position as drivers of tree species abundance and occupancy across biogeographic regions
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Parasite abundance-occupancy relationships across biogeographic regions: Joint effects of niche breadth, host availability, and climate
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Differential speciation rates, colonization time, and niche conservatism affect community assembly across adjacent biogeographical regions
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Data from: Dispersal, niche, and isolation processes jointly explain species turnover patterns of nonvolant small mammals in a large mountainous region of China
Understanding the mechanisms that govern the spatial patterns of species turnover (beta diversity) has been one of the fundamental issues in biogeography. Species turnover is generally recognized as strong in mountainous regions, but the way in which different processes (dispersal, niche, and isolation) have shaped the spatial turnover patterns in mountainous regions remains largely unexplored. Here, we explore the directional and elevational patterns of species turnover for nonvolant small mammals in the Hengduan Mountains of southwest China and distinguish the relative roles of geographic distance, environmental distance, and geographic isolation on the patterns. The spatial turnover was assessed using the halving distance (km), which was the geographic distance that halved the similarity (Jaccard similarity) from its initial value. The halving distance was calculated for the linear, logarithmic, and exponential regression models between Jaccard similarity and geographic distance. We found that the east–west turnover is generally faster than the south–north turnover for high-latitudinal regions in the Hengduan Mountains and that this pattern corresponds to the geographic structure of the major mountain ranges and rivers that mainly extend in a south–north direction. There is an increasing trend of turnover toward the higher-elevation zones. Most of the variation in the Jaccard similarity could be explained by the pure effect of geographic distance and the joint effects of geographic distance, environmental distance, and average elevation difference. Our study indicates that dispersal, niche, and isolation processes are all important determinants of the spatial turnover patterns of nonvolant small mammals in the Hengduan Mountains. The spatial configuration of the landscape and geographic isolation can strongly influence the rate of species turnover in mountainous regions at multiple spatial scales.
Fig. 4.—Climatic niche overlaps A and B in Identifying regional environmental factors driving differences in climatic niche overlap in Peromyscus mice
Fig. 4.—Climatic niche overlaps A and B differed among allopatric, parapatric, and sympatric species pairs of Peromyscus mice throughout North America. Bayesian 95% highest posterior density intervals estimates showed that sympatric species pairs had higher average overlap than parapatric or allopatric pairs and that parapatric pairs had higher average overlap than allopatric pairs.
Fig. 2 in Identifying regional environmental factors driving differences in climatic niche overlap in Peromyscus mice
Fig. 2.—Species richness map derived from geographic ranges of 43 species of Peromyscus mice available in the IUCN database (NatureServe and IUCN 2018). The remaining species mostly comprise island forms with ranges too small to be visualized in this map.
Fig. 3 in Identifying regional environmental factors driving differences in climatic niche overlap in Peromyscus mice
Fig. 3.—Illustration of the relative climatic niche overlap between species pairs of North American Peromyscus mice.
Fig. 1.—A in Identifying regional environmental factors driving differences in climatic niche overlap in Peromyscus mice
Fig. 1.—A visual summary of the three distribution modes and associated scenarios of range and climatic niche overlaps between species. The blue and green colors represent two different species within a pair. In this illustration, different parts of the triangle (a mountain) will exhibit different climatic conditions. When the two species (blue and green mouse) are aligned horizontally (either on the same mountain or on separate mountains), they will experience the same climatic conditions. When one species is above the other (either on the same mountain or on separate mountains), they experience different climatic conditions.
Data from: Dispersal, niche, and isolation processes jointly explain species turnover patterns of nonvolant small mammals in a large mountainous region of China
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Data from: Diet and macronutrient niche of Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) in two regions of Nepal during summer and autumn
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Data from: Biotic invasion, niche stability, and the assembly of regional biotas in deep time: comparison between faunal provinces
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Figure 2 in Spatial distribution and dietary niche breadth of the leopard Panthera pardus (Carnivora: Felidae) in the northeastern Himalayan region of Pakistan
Figure 2. Map showing locations of study sites where abundance of prey species was recorded in and around Pir Lasura National Park, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan.
Demographic inferences and climatic niche modeling shed light on the evolutionary history of the emblematic cold-adapted Apollo butterfly at regional scale
<p>Cold-adapted species escape climate warming by latitudinal and/or altitudinal range shifts, and currently occur in Southern Europe in isolated mountain ranges within 'sky islands.</p> <p>Here we studied the genetic structure of the Apollo butterfly in five such alpine islands (above 1000 m) in France, and infer its demographic history since the last interglacial, using single nucleotide polymorphisms (ddRADseq SNPs). The Auvergne and Alps populations show strong genetic differentiation but not alpine massifs, although separated by deep valleys. Combining three complementary demographic inference methods and species distribution models (SDMs) we show that the LIG period was highly defavorable for Apollo that probably survived in small population in the highest summits of Auvergne. The population shifted downslope and expanded eastward between LIG and LGM throughout the large climatically suitable Rhône valley between the glaciated summits of Auvergne and Alps. The Auvergne and Alps populations started diverging before the LGM but remained largely connected till the mid-Holocene. Population decline in Auvergne was more gradual but started before (~7 kya versus 800 ya), and was much stronger with current population size ten times lower than in the Alps. In the Alps, the low genetic structure and limited evidence for isolation by distance suggest a non-equilibrium metapopulation functioning. The core Apollo population experienced cycles of contraction-expansion with climate fluctuations with largely inter-connected populations over time according to a 'metapopulation-pulsar' functioning. This study demonstrates the power of combining demographic inferences and SDMs to determine past and future evolutionary trajectories of an endangered species at a regional scale.</p>
Demographic inferences and climatic niche modeling shed light on the evolutionary history of the emblematic cold-adapted Apollo butterfly at regional scale
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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